SS4115 Integrated SS4115 Integrated Social Work Social Work

PracticePractice Leung Suk Ching,Cathy 5056 4620Leung Suk Ching,Cathy 5056 4620

Chan Wai Ching, Amy 5055 4742 Chan Wai Ching, Amy 5055 4742 Cathy 5056 4620Cathy 5056 4620

朱茵 朱茵 5055 71055055 7105 Fung Ki Ho, Ben 5055 2750 Fung Ki Ho, Ben 5055 2750

Chan Ka Lai, Hazel 5058 1627 Chan Ka Lai, Hazel 5058 1627 Nokia 5056 3900Nokia 5056 3900

Kat 5055 7210Kat 5055 7210 Cheung On Shing ,Richard 5049 Cheung On Shing ,Richard 5049

47654765

OutlineOutline Introduction of Integration Introduction of Integration Rationale of IntegrationRationale of Integration Information about three service unitsInformation about three service units IFSCIFSC YouthYouth

Tai Po Youth Outreach team (Tai Po Youth Outreach team ( 大埔地區青少年外展大埔地區青少年外展社會工作隊社會工作隊 ))

香港小童群益會 香港小童群益會 (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong)Association of Hong Kong)

ElderlyElderly Social Centre for Elderly (SE) in Lai KingSocial Centre for Elderly (SE) in Lai King Yuen Yuen home (elderly home)Yuen Yuen home (elderly home)

Division of LabourDivision of Labour

We are divided into three groups for We are divided into three groups for interviewing the SW in fields:interviewing the SW in fields: IFSCIFSC Youth Youth ElderlyElderly

Evaluate the models in those Evaluate the models in those organizationsorganizations Advantage and DisadvantageAdvantage and Disadvantage Comment from SWComment from SW

Introduction of integration Introduction of integration

Policy on integrationPolicy on integration Rationale of integrationRationale of integration

Policy on integration(1)Policy on integration(1)

White paper –social Welfare into the White paper –social Welfare into the 1990s and Beyond (1991.p.27)1990s and Beyond (1991.p.27)

The government plans that children The government plans that children and youth centres, outreach social and youth centres, outreach social work and school social work “be work and school social work “be integrated” and operated on a integrated” and operated on a neighbourhood basis so that young neighbourhood basis so that young people in the same area may be people in the same area may be served by the same team of workerserved by the same team of worker

Policy on integration(2)Policy on integration(2)

For example, Integration of Children For example, Integration of Children and Youth Centre Services (1994, and Youth Centre Services (1994, p.16)p.16)

Report on Review of CYSReport on Review of CYS ““the working party concludes that the working party concludes that

children and youth centres should adopt children and youth centres should adopt a “holistic “ or “total-person’ approach in a “holistic “ or “total-person’ approach in addressing the need s and problems of addressing the need s and problems of the youth population, by looking at a the youth population, by looking at a young person in his total life situation”young person in his total life situation”

Rationale 1: Service Rationale 1: Service fragmentation fragmentation

Distinct service boundaries and Distinct service boundaries and division of labourdivision of labour

Linkage and cooperation among Linkage and cooperation among different service were insufficientdifferent service were insufficient

Highly specialized in practiceHighly specialized in practice

Rationale 2: Service Rationale 2: Service duplicationduplication

In the past, the service cooperation In the past, the service cooperation was more focus on individual service was more focus on individual service unit levelunit level

Less cooperation and coordination Less cooperation and coordination among different services in the among different services in the communitycommunity

Waste and duplication of resources Waste and duplication of resources Service duplication Service duplication Manpower duplicationsManpower duplications

Rationale 3: Service GapRationale 3: Service Gap

Complication and complexity of Complication and complexity of service needsservice needs

.The rigid service boundaries lead to .The rigid service boundaries lead to the negligence of &unresponsiveness the negligence of &unresponsiveness to the service needsto the service needs

Rationale 4: RigidityRationale 4: Rigidity

Manpower managementManpower management Resource allocationResource allocation PolicyPolicy Manpower and resources of Manpower and resources of

different servicesdifferent services Not easily and flexibly deployed Not easily and flexibly deployed

among services units, so create among services units, so create wastewaste

Rationale 5: Rationale 5: Unresponsiveness Unresponsiveness

Unresponsive to community needUnresponsive to community need Centralized planningCentralized planning hindering hindering

service units from a quick respond to service units from a quick respond to special & urgent community needs or special & urgent community needs or crisescrises

Rationale 6: Mobilize the Rationale 6: Mobilize the development of services development of services

providersproviders Under the effect of Plurality diversity(Under the effect of Plurality diversity( 多元多元

化化 ), it result in more diversity to interpret ), it result in more diversity to interpret the service needsthe service needs Integration of different Integration of different modelsmodels

Introduce the concept of generalist “ Introduce the concept of generalist “ 通通才才”” and integrated practitioner (and integrated practitioner ( 綜合實務工綜合實務工作者作者 ))

Introduce more humanistic element , e.g. Introduce more humanistic element , e.g. user participationuser participation

Example of Service Unit Example of Service Unit (1)(1)

Integrated Family Service Integrated Family Service Centre (IFSC)Centre (IFSC)

The models of IFSC (1)The models of IFSC (1)Method-oriented integrationMethod-oriented integration Case, group and community workCase, group and community work

For example, For example, 33 levels of providing serviceslevels of providing services: : Family Counseling (FC): Family Counseling (FC): counseling service, counseling service,

casecase Family Support(FS)Family Support(FS):support service, holding :support service, holding

groupsgroups Family Resource (FR): Family Resource (FR): provide resource, provide resource,

promote the service to community such as promote the service to community such as mobile counter and care hotlinemobile counter and care hotline

The models of IFSC (2)The models of IFSC (2)Profession-oriented integrationProfession-oriented integration Different professions join togetherDifferent professions join together

For example, in our centreFor example, in our centre Elderly CR case: social work & Elderly CR case: social work &

doctordoctordo health assessmentdo health assessment Suspected mental problem: social Suspected mental problem: social

work & clinical psychologist (CP) work & clinical psychologist (CP) do do metal health assessment to the clientmetal health assessment to the client

The models of IFSC (3)The models of IFSC (3)Agency-oriented integrationAgency-oriented integration Different agencies join and work Different agencies join and work

togethertogether

For example, in our centreFor example, in our centre 1. Community talk (1. Community talk ( 防騙防盜防騙防盜 ): our ): our

centre & policecentre & police 2. Parenting talk (parent in school): 2. Parenting talk (parent in school):

school & our centreschool & our centre

The advantages of The advantages of integrationintegration

Family resource (FR): develop volunteer Family resource (FR): develop volunteer serviceservice

develop service in community and do some develop service in community and do some preventionprevention

Concept: early identificationConcept: early identification

do immediately intervention if anything do immediately intervention if anything has been happened in the communityhas been happened in the community

Efficiency: divide into 3 levels of Efficiency: divide into 3 levels of integration in family settingintegration in family setting

Clear structureClear structure

The disadvantages of The disadvantages of integrationintegration

No specific service / centre provided: No specific service / centre provided: New arrival and single parentNew arrival and single parent

‘‘integrated’ worker: adaptation of FSC integrated’ worker: adaptation of FSC workerworker

Can the worker integrate their Can the worker integrate their knowledge and skills in case, group knowledge and skills in case, group and community workand community work

Difficulties in implementing Difficulties in implementing integrated practiceintegrated practice

Manpower: do not have enough Manpower: do not have enough manpower to provide services in IFSCmanpower to provide services in IFSC

Agency argument: handle one Agency argument: handle one casecaseNGOs & SWD NGOs & SWD shirk shirk responsibilityresponsibility no agency handle this no agency handle this case case

How to solve the How to solve the difficultiesdifficulties

Staff training: provide different trainings Staff training: provide different trainings such as skills and knowledge to the staffsuch as skills and knowledge to the staff

Staff meeting: share concern and Staff meeting: share concern and difficultydifficulty

discuss the issue and give advices discuss the issue and give advices among the workersamong the workers

Interesting sharing (1)Interesting sharing (1)

Workload in IFSC: heavy workloadWorkload in IFSC: heavy workload

Ex. Manpower management, community Ex. Manpower management, community developmentdevelopment

Social pressure for social worker:Social pressure for social worker: shirk responsibility (atmosphere)shirk responsibility (atmosphere) Client complaint ↑Client complaint ↑

Interesting sharing (2)Interesting sharing (2)

Relationship between SWD and NGOs: Relationship between SWD and NGOs: past: partnership, now: donator (SWD) past: partnership, now: donator (SWD)

and receiver (NGOs)and receiver (NGOs)

Change of case nature: tangible Change of case nature: tangible cases↑, counseling cases↓, long-term cases↑, counseling cases↓, long-term cases X cases X

Example of Service Unit(2) Example of Service Unit(2)

YouthYouth

Models of IntegrationModels of Integration

1) Service/ Worker – oriented 1) Service/ Worker – oriented IntegrationIntegration

2) Profession – oriented 2) Profession – oriented IntegrationIntegration

3) Method – oriented Integration3) Method – oriented Integration

4) Agency-oriented integration4) Agency-oriented integration

5) Locality-oriented integration5) Locality-oriented integration

Service/ Worker – oriented Service/ Worker – oriented IntegrationIntegration

Different workers join together: Different workers join together: - School worker & Outreach worker - School worker & Outreach worker - School worker has to work with social welfare - School worker has to work with social welfare worker as they would provide some group work to worker as they would provide some group work to schoolschool

Different service units join together: Different service units join together: - Ng Yuk Secondary School & Tai Po Youth outreach - Ng Yuk Secondary School & Tai Po Youth outreach teamteam- Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: Jockey Club - Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: Jockey Club Heng On Integrated Children & Youth Services Heng On Integrated Children & Youth Services Centre & KCRC (Centre & KCRC ( 九廣鐵路公司九廣鐵路公司 ))

Con’tCon’t

- Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: - Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: Jockey Club Heng On Integrated Children & Jockey Club Heng On Integrated Children & Youth Services Centre & Scout Association Youth Services Centre & Scout Association of Hong Kongof Hong Kong

- Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: - Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: Jockey Club Heng On Integrated Children & Jockey Club Heng On Integrated Children & Youth Services Centre & Government Youth Services Centre & Government (Youth Pre-employment training program)(Youth Pre-employment training program)

ExampleExample

Ng Yuk Secondary School (Ng Yuk Secondary School ( 五育中學五育中學 ) ) would work with Tai Po Youth Outreach would work with Tai Po Youth Outreach team (team ( 大埔地區青少年外展社會工作隊大埔地區青少年外展社會工作隊 ) as ) as sometimes the outreach team would sometimes the outreach team would have contact with the students who have contact with the students who study in Ng Yuk, therefore, the outreach study in Ng Yuk, therefore, the outreach worker would come to school and worker would come to school and organize group work and then refer case organize group work and then refer case to school worker. to school worker.

Profession – oriented Profession – oriented IntegrationIntegration

Different professionals join togetherDifferent professionals join together

- Social worker & Teachers- Social worker & Teachers

- Social worker & Polices (- Social worker & Polices ( 反黑組反黑組 ))

- Social worker & Psychiatrist - Social worker & Psychiatrist

- Social worker & Adventurer (- Social worker & Adventurer ( 歷奇導師歷奇導師 ))

- Social worker & therapists- Social worker & therapists

- Social worker & Psychologist- Social worker & Psychologist

- Social worker & University professor- Social worker & University professor

Method – oriented Method – oriented IntegrationIntegration

Different methods deal with clients’ Different methods deal with clients’ problemsproblems

- Case- Case

- Group- Group

- Community work- Community work

- Therapeutic group- Therapeutic group

- Interest Class- Interest Class

- Volunteerism - Volunteerism

Agency-oriented integrationAgency-oriented integration

Youth work agency + limited company Youth work agency + limited company - e.g. - e.g. 香港小童群益會 香港小童群益會 (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong) + Association of Hong Kong) + 香港聯合利華有限公司 香港聯合利華有限公司

Youth work agency + hospitalYouth work agency + hospital- e.g. - e.g. 香港小童群益會 香港小童群益會 (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong) + Association of Hong Kong) + 明愛醫院兒童及青少年科明愛醫院兒童及青少年科

Youth work agency + Media Communication UnitYouth work agency + Media Communication Unit- e.g. - e.g. 香港小童群益會 香港小童群益會 (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong) + RTHK Corporate Association of Hong Kong) + RTHK Corporate Communications UnitCommunications Unit

ExampleExample

A project call ‘A project call ‘ 聯合利華豐盛童盟計劃聯合利華豐盛童盟計劃’ ’ is a co-work is a co-work by by 香港聯合利華有限公司 香港聯合利華有限公司 and and 香港小童群益會 香港小童群益會 (The (The Boys’ & Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong)Boys’ & Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong)

it aims at providing developmental it aims at providing developmental activities for the minorities activities for the minorities

Locality-oriented Locality-oriented integrationintegration

Youth work agencies work together Youth work agencies work together within Tai Waiwithin Tai Wai

- Hotlines for HKCEE- Hotlines for HKCEE

e.g. Hong Kong Children & Youth e.g. Hong Kong Children & Youth Services: Lung Hung Centre (Services: Lung Hung Centre ( 隆亨中隆亨中心心 )& Tsung Tsin Mission of Hong )& Tsung Tsin Mission of Hong Kong (Kong ( 崇真會崇真會 ))

Advantages of IntegrationAdvantages of Integration1)1) Understand the needs and problems of client Understand the needs and problems of client

more comprehensivemore comprehensive E.g. Student A has behavioral problem in school and E.g. Student A has behavioral problem in school and

also played in the street at night. School social worker also played in the street at night. School social worker can communicate with Out – reach worker to discuss can communicate with Out – reach worker to discuss the case of student A.. Both of them can know more the the case of student A.. Both of them can know more the detail of A and has a better intervention to A. detail of A and has a better intervention to A.

2) More chances for co-work that resources can be 2) More chances for co-work that resources can be utilized utilized

E.g. Outreach worker may have group work in school E.g. Outreach worker may have group work in school that they help to provide direct service to students that they help to provide direct service to students instead of asking school worker to run the group as his instead of asking school worker to run the group as his workload maybe too heavy. Then when there is a need workload maybe too heavy. Then when there is a need for case work, outreach worker can refer student to for case work, outreach worker can refer student to school worker. school worker.

Advantages of IntegrationAdvantages of Integration

3) Use different perspectives to see the 3) Use different perspectives to see the clients clients understand more understand more

E.g. Teachers more concentrate on students’ E.g. Teachers more concentrate on students’ academic and worker more concentrate on academic and worker more concentrate on student’s feelings. They can share their opinion student’s feelings. They can share their opinion and help the student in a full extent. and help the student in a full extent.

4) More comprehensive services for tackling 4) More comprehensive services for tackling their needstheir needs

E.g. Student has social problem who can receive E.g. Student has social problem who can receive a counseling in case and also increase their social a counseling in case and also increase their social network and learn social skills through group and network and learn social skills through group and community work. community work.

Disadvantages of Disadvantages of IntegrationIntegration1)1) ConflictsConflicts

Different professionals have their own perspectives and Different professionals have their own perspectives and tend to insist on their standpoints which is different from tend to insist on their standpoints which is different from social worker, therefore, conflicts easily arisesocial worker, therefore, conflicts easily arise

- E.g. teachers tend to punish students and stop their - E.g. teachers tend to punish students and stop their behaviors as fast as possible while social work take a behaviors as fast as possible while social work take a person-centered approach that focus on their needs rather person-centered approach that focus on their needs rather than their superficial problems than their superficial problems

With different standpoints, people are less likely to With different standpoints, people are less likely to compromise a solution or it takes time to make a compromise a solution or it takes time to make a consensus. consensus.

- E.g. Outreach workers concern more on clients’ needs - E.g. Outreach workers concern more on clients’ needs while school social worker have to balance between 2 while school social worker have to balance between 2 parties (school and clients)parties (school and clients)

Disadvantages of Disadvantages of IntegrationIntegration

2) Lack of Manpower 2) Lack of Manpower worker needs to do more works (case/ worker needs to do more works (case/

group/ community work) group/ community work) Workload increasedWorkload increased

3) Compete for limited resources 3) Compete for limited resources Due to lump-sum grant, workers in the Due to lump-sum grant, workers in the

same centre has to compete for limited same centre has to compete for limited funding that sometimes focus on quantity funding that sometimes focus on quantity rather than quality so that they can meet rather than quality so that they can meet the requirement. the requirement.

Difficulties in Implementing Difficulties in Implementing Integrated PracticeIntegrated Practice

1) Really Increase the communication 1) Really Increase the communication between other parities?between other parities?

- Not necessary Not necessary - Although they are under the same centre, all Although they are under the same centre, all

worker have their own jobworker have their own job- Not much communication timeNot much communication time

2) Enough training?2) Enough training?- Workload Increase since worker need to do more Workload Increase since worker need to do more

(case, group, community work)(case, group, community work)- Gov. do not have enough training for workerGov. do not have enough training for worker- Increase the pressure on themIncrease the pressure on them

How to face/ solve the How to face/ solve the difficultiesdifficulties

Clarify one’s role and standpointsClarify one’s role and standpoints

- E.g. School worker has to set a baseline and - E.g. School worker has to set a baseline and stay firm when working with outreach worker: to stay firm when working with outreach worker: to clarify with them that she has to consider both clarify with them that she has to consider both benefit of school and clients instead of only benefit of school and clients instead of only concerning the clientsconcerning the clients

Do not have frequent contact so that conflicts will Do not have frequent contact so that conflicts will be reducedbe reduced

CommentsComments

PositivePositive- People with similar belief can support each otherPeople with similar belief can support each other- Complementary to each otherComplementary to each other- Provide variety service to clientsProvide variety service to clients- More options for clients to chooseMore options for clients to choose

NegativeNegative- Heavy WorkloadHeavy Workload- Resources overlapResources overlap- Quantitative instead of qualitative that neglect Quantitative instead of qualitative that neglect

clients’ need or minority’s need clients’ need or minority’s need

Example of Service Unit (3)Example of Service Unit (3)

Elderly Service IntegrationsElderly Service Integrations-Multi-level Intervention-Multi-level Intervention

-Horizontal Intervention-Horizontal Intervention

Multi-level InterventionMulti-level Intervention

-provides diversified services to the -provides diversified services to the elderly→ cater to elderly different elderly→ cater to elderly different needs needs

-can be divided into preventive& -can be divided into preventive& remedial workremedial work

Con’tCon’t

- Preventive work:Preventive work: Methods: community work Methods: community work Target: people in the communityTarget: people in the community Activities: A series of Educational Activities Activities: A series of Educational Activities

& Health Talks e.g. the sources of stress, & Health Talks e.g. the sources of stress, how to relieve stress, how to be a happy how to relieve stress, how to be a happy elderly…etc.elderly…etc.

→ →bring out the optimistic and positive bring out the optimistic and positive messagemessage

- Remedial Work:Remedial Work: Methods: Case and GroupMethods: Case and Group Target: ElderlyTarget: Elderly Activities:Activities:

A. group activities→A. group activities→ 1. provide emotional support through group 1. provide emotional support through group

counseling counseling 2. Relieve elderly stress & depression 2. Relieve elderly stress & depression

B. Case→B. Case→1.1. Provide emotional support through Provide emotional support through

individual counselingindividual counseling2.2. Relieve Elderly Stress & depressionRelieve Elderly Stress & depression

Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration Different services units serve the same kind Different services units serve the same kind

of clientsof clients Same clients but could have different needsSame clients but could have different needs Require cooperation or collaboration among Require cooperation or collaboration among

different unitsdifferent units→ → provides holistic & suitable services to provides holistic & suitable services to

elderlyelderly→ → produce interdependence (produce interdependence ( 互相依賴互相依賴 ) & ) &

symbiosis (symbiosis ( 共生共生 ) relationship between ) relationship between various unitsvarious units

Con’tCon’t

- Advantages of Models integration:Advantages of Models integration: Cater to elderly different needsCater to elderly different needs- Diversified services→ e.g. educational Diversified services→ e.g. educational

activities, health talks→ promote the activities, health talks→ promote the importance of mental health in the importance of mental health in the elderlyelderly

- Case & groups→ relieve elderly stress+ Case & groups→ relieve elderly stress+ provide emotional support to them provide emotional support to them

- Reduce the Stigma effects(Reduce the Stigma effects( 標籤效應標籤效應 )) Chinese tradition: elderly see “Mental Chinese tradition: elderly see “Mental

health” doctors= have mental problemshealth” doctors= have mental problems

→→elderly stress ↑elderly stress ↑ Groups/ different activities →mutual Groups/ different activities →mutual

sharing among elderly → Stigma effects sharing among elderly → Stigma effects of elderly referral to the mental health of elderly referral to the mental health ↓+ elderly stress ↓ ↓+ elderly stress ↓

- Enhance service quality & efficiency Enhance service quality & efficiency Focus on the basis of human(Focus on the basis of human( 以人為以人為

本本 )) Get different services in one unit→ Get different services in one unit→

service quality + efficiency ↑ service quality + efficiency ↑

-Disadvantages of models integration-Disadvantages of models integration High demand on social workersHigh demand on social workers

-demand social workers have -demand social workers have professional & different aspects of professional & different aspects of knowledge→ stress of social worker↑knowledge→ stress of social worker↑

Lack of manpower → service quality Lack of manpower → service quality + efficiency ↓+ efficiency ↓

- Provide diversified services, but Provide diversified services, but manpower not change → stress of manpower not change → stress of social worker ↑social worker ↑

- Diversified services demand ≠ Diversified services demand ≠ manpowermanpower

→ →service quality + efficiency ↓service quality + efficiency ↓

Elderly CentresElderly Centres

1.1. Social Centre for Elderly (SE) in Lai Social Centre for Elderly (SE) in Lai KingKing

2.2. Yuen Yuen home (elderly home)Yuen Yuen home (elderly home)

Social Centre for Elderly (SE) in Social Centre for Elderly (SE) in Lai KingLai King

1.1. Cooperate with SE in Luk Yeung(Cooperate with SE in Luk Yeung( 綠楊綠楊 )) E.g. Training program for volunteersE.g. Training program for volunteers Ads: More flexibility of ideas and sharing Ads: More flexibility of ideas and sharing

of experience of experience Difficulty: Different expectation Difficulty: Different expectation

different elderly have different needsdifferent elderly have different needs Elderly in Luk Yeung are richer, but the Elderly in Luk Yeung are richer, but the

Elderly in Lai King are poorElderly in Lai King are poor Solution: built up a trustful relationship Solution: built up a trustful relationship

and try to compromise and try to compromise

2.2. Cooperate with Lawyer E.g. will(Cooperate with Lawyer E.g. will( 平安紙平安紙 ), ), Insurance agents (programme such as financial Insurance agents (programme such as financial planning), Nurse, Occupational therapistplanning), Nurse, Occupational therapist

Ads: giving more information to elderlyAds: giving more information to elderly Enhance the competitiveness of the centre for Enhance the competitiveness of the centre for

various professional consultation Difficulty: various professional consultation Difficulty: Boundary of professional role and coordination”Boundary of professional role and coordination”協調不同取向及專業時有難度”協調不同取向及專業時有難度”

Solution: Clear expectation and needs Solution: Clear expectation and needs e.g. agreement with insurance agents for no e.g. agreement with insurance agents for no

hard sale in the centre hard sale in the centre

3.3. Secondary, Clinic, CollegeSecondary, Clinic, College cooperate to launch cooperate to launch programmeprogramme

E.g. Motivate the learning needs of elderly E.g. Motivate the learning needs of elderly Ads: decrease the workload of workers Ads: decrease the workload of workers optimal use of resource for sharing, modeling optimal use of resource for sharing, modeling

from other institution for administration and from other institution for administration and operational managementoperational management

Disads: no existence of any reference modelDisads: no existence of any reference model Due to the limited resource and manpower, it is Due to the limited resource and manpower, it is

difficult to handle any special or urgent need difficult to handle any special or urgent need Solution: referral to resources within network, e.g. Solution: referral to resources within network, e.g.

NECCNECC compromised of involved organizationscompromised of involved organizations

4.4. Cooperate with District Council, which Cooperate with District Council, which directing the topic in the territory, for directing the topic in the territory, for example, the elderly abuse problem will example, the elderly abuse problem will be follow by DECC or district council officebe follow by DECC or district council office

Under the progressive level , the Under the progressive level , the problem is referred to DECC problem is referred to DECC NEC NEC SE SE

Ads: optimal use of resources, more Ads: optimal use of resources, more effective and efficienteffective and efficient

Summary of the difficulties of Summary of the difficulties of IntegrationIntegration

insufficient supporting of “ one-stop service” insufficient supporting of “ one-stop service” SE is mainly responsible for the referral case, but it SE is mainly responsible for the referral case, but it

found difficulty to meet the demand as the limitation found difficulty to meet the demand as the limitation of resource and power of resource and power

Not a regional leader Not a regional leader Lack of leading role Lack of leading role Passively running the programme Passively running the programme Interest conflict in DECC:Interest conflict in DECC:

low transparency to public: the no. of sponsor?? low transparency to public: the no. of sponsor?? Inequality to enroll the activity Inequality to enroll the activity In the jointed activity of SE/NEC and DECC , DECC is in first In the jointed activity of SE/NEC and DECC , DECC is in first

priority to entrypriority to entry Administration problemAdministration problem

Cooperation and coordiantionCooperation and coordiantion

Comments from SWComments from SW- Social workers as resources in SE- Social workers as resources in SE Worker doubted the professional role of social workers in Worker doubted the professional role of social workers in

SE, because:SE, because: 1. Social workers in SE are doing well in networking, 1. Social workers in SE are doing well in networking,

professional in liaison, co-operating and holding professional in liaison, co-operating and holding programmes, but lack of direct service provided by social programmes, but lack of direct service provided by social workersworkers

2. Even they hold groups or programmes, they are mainly 2. Even they hold groups or programmes, they are mainly in the nature of education; for cases, the part of remedial in the nature of education; for cases, the part of remedial part is done more, follow-up can be done too, but again, part is done more, follow-up can be done too, but again, not much direct services providednot much direct services provided

In opposite, social workers in DECC and NEC can provide In opposite, social workers in DECC and NEC can provide more services in the nature lacked that are mentioned more services in the nature lacked that are mentioned above above

Therefore, it’s not healthy for SE to run in that way, Therefore, it’s not healthy for SE to run in that way, services are mainly education, social work element is services are mainly education, social work element is lackedlacked

- ..

Con’tCon’t

- The functions of SEThe functions of SE Ads.: Good division of labour and Ads.: Good division of labour and

specializationspecialization Difficulty: SE is difficult to be NEC, because of Difficulty: SE is difficult to be NEC, because of

the problems of bidding funding and the problems of bidding funding and supporting boundarysupporting boundary

Possible solution: To take up Possible solution: To take up sole sole responsibility for its profits or losses. Bresponsibility for its profits or losses. Because ecause under the subsidy and management of SWD, under the subsidy and management of SWD, the running of the centre and its rationale is the running of the centre and its rationale is difficult to implementdifficult to implement

Yuen Yuen home (elderly Yuen Yuen home (elderly home)home)

Agency –oriented integrationAgency –oriented integration E.g. work with two Children & Adult home and E.g. work with two Children & Adult home and

one elderly centre on fundraising night party (one elderly centre on fundraising night party ( 慈慈善中秋耀圓玄善中秋耀圓玄 ) )

Advantage:Advantage: -understand different working style in the various -understand different working style in the various

working areasworking areas -share the proposal in order to reduce the -share the proposal in order to reduce the

workload of the workersworkload of the workers -increase the information exchange and -increase the information exchange and

flexibilityflexibility

work with different agency such as work with different agency such as commercial company and educational commercial company and educational institutions institutions

E.g. work with different commercial E.g. work with different commercial company company Flag day , “Flag day , “ 義賣愛心券” 義賣愛心券” Improvement on quality of living e.g. Improvement on quality of living e.g. 電力改善工電力改善工

程程

Work with school such as home visit serviceWork with school such as home visit service Work with Social Welfare Department such as “Work with Social Welfare Department such as “ 老老

有所為” 有所為” & “& “ 全家網中人”全家網中人”

AdvantageAdvantage

Build up a good social network in Build up a good social network in the communitythe community

Promote the service/service unit Promote the service/service unit to the communityto the community

Information exchangeInformation exchange Well use of community resource Well use of community resource

Work with community issueWork with community issue e.g. e.g. 服務協調會議 服務協調會議 (( 社會服務署召開的，一年三社會服務署召開的，一年三

至至 44 次次 ) invite the agency head to discuss ) invite the agency head to discuss the community issue such as the community issue such as 沙士沙士

DECC ~discuss the issue with the different DECC ~discuss the issue with the different service in the same communityservice in the same community

disadvantagedisadvantage Spend lots of time and manpower on Spend lots of time and manpower on

cooperation with the other service units cooperation with the other service units

Profession-oriented integrationProfession-oriented integration E.g. Doctor, nurse, physiatrist, hospital E.g. Doctor, nurse, physiatrist, hospital

(elderly &psychiatric ) and Elderly Health (elderly &psychiatric ) and Elderly Health Outreach Program ( Department of Health)Outreach Program ( Department of Health)

advantageadvantage convenience to the elderly convenience to the elderly increase of communication with the other increase of communication with the other

professional can be better for the health professional can be better for the health care to the elders care to the elders

Method-oriented integrationMethod-oriented integration No special focus or limitationNo special focus or limitation depend on the needs of the clientdepend on the needs of the client e.g. case worke.g. case work To deal with a negative thinking elder To deal with a negative thinking elder

CBT + Behavioral therapy ~ to change his CBT + Behavioral therapy ~ to change his mindset and create new behavior at the same mindset and create new behavior at the same timetime

More flexible More flexible Synergy effectSynergy effectDisadvantage:Disadvantage: Not specific to the service needNot specific to the service need Difficult to evaluate the programDifficult to evaluate the program

ReferenceReference

1.1. 編輯聖公會麥理浩夫人中心編輯聖公會麥理浩夫人中心《《社耕拾穗社耕拾穗》》編輯編輯小組，小組，《《社耕拾穗社耕拾穗 (2)-(2)- 以社區為本以社區為本 , , 綜合模式綜合模式為主的社區服務為主的社區服務》》。香港 。香港 : : 聖公會麥理浩夫人聖公會麥理浩夫人中心中心 , 1999, 1999

2.2. 實踐綜合家庭服務的經驗分享實踐綜合家庭服務的經驗分享 . 2005-2006. . 2005-2006. 香港社會服務聯會香港社會服務聯會

3.3. 社聯季刊，社聯季刊， 《 《 服務整合服務整合》》，香港社會服務聯會，，香港社會服務聯會，二零零二年春季二零零二年春季

4.4. http://www.info.gov.hk/elderly/http://www.info.gov.hk/elderly/publications/1999/vol1/p3.htm#publications/1999/vol1/p3.htm#

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