springer.com

“Basic Congruity between Publishers and Libraries” –

Springer Perspective!!

Sanjiv Goswami

2

THE REALITY

• Library – Warehouse

– Brick and mortar

• Primary Need

– Academic

• Librarian

– Managing ????

Looking Back………

THE LIMITATIONS

• Library – Warehouse

– Books – First Come First Serve

– Journals – Confined to Library

• Primary Need

– Academic – Little to go beyond

• Librarian

– Never really satisfied

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The Primary Drivers

Print Electronic

Only One user at a time Multiple simultaneous users

Library waits Library gets it as soon as it goes online

User waits Access 24/7

Bound and shelved No Binding, No Shelf Space and No

Storage costs

Catalogued MARC records supplied

No accurate way of measuring

usage

Empirical usage statistics

Full Price Fractional Cost

Damaged / pages torn out… !!!?? Impossible to damage

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Print....

– Are not digitally searchable

– Use of index & TOC

Electronic...

– Digitally searchable

Another big difference…

The Primary Drivers

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The Trend Today in Knowledge Management

• Who is the content dispenser for the Libraries world over:

– Includes traditional print and electronic scholarly publishers (both for-

profit and not-for-profit), trade publishers, information aggregators and

other vendors, and other electronic-only information disseminators.

• What is the publishers modus operandi?

– Publishers today increasingly act globally to provide electronic

information through platforms either owned by themselves or

outsourced.

• What should be libraries' expectations ?

– it is incumbent upon libraries to act globally to express their market

positions on the pricing and other terms and conditions related to the

purchase of that information.

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Current Problems and Needs for Libraries

Increasing Expectations and Stable Budgets

• Current Problem:

– Over time, academic institutions typically have spent a decreasing percentage of their educational budgets, some have even returned funds.

– Academic libraries expect to obtain new electronic resources while simultaneously maintaining traditional print collections

– Libraries also expect to do this with no additional funding towards electronic resources.

• Future Need:

– Academic libraries must use information technologies to facilitate increased information delivery

– Also make e-information more generally, readily, and flexibly accessible to their users for cost effectiveness and time saving.  

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Pricing Concerns

• Current Problem from the outlook of Libraries:

– Current pricing models for e-information, which are developing

during a period of experimentation, are not sustainable.

– With their diminishing fiscal resources, Libraries will rapidly be

unable to afford or support the pricing strategies for electronic

information.

– For example, academic libraries cannot afford to commit long-

term to the now-prevalent electronic journal pricing model that is

premised upon a base price of "current print price plus electronic

surcharge plus significant projected inflation surcharges." 

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Pricing Models

• Single Institution model for Journals

• Print plus Electronic model for Journals

• Consortia Model for Print and Online: Cross Sharing

• Consortia Model for only Online

• Closed Consortia Model

• Open Consortia Model

• Pay per view model for both single institute and consortia

• One time payment model for Archives

• Pick and Choose Ebooks Model

• Subject Package Model for EBooks: Single Institute and

Consortia

• Aggregators Model for Books and Journals

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Springer for YOU…

• Increasing Expectations and Stable Budgets

– Springer does not preclude libraries from working through consortia to

seek advantageous pricing or other special arrangements.

– We encourage libraries to get together in closed or open consortia to

facilitate surplus content flow.

– All terms and conditions are negotiated and clearly stated in the

contract.

– Springer Understands that Consortia and their member libraries are

diverse and have different needs, funding structures, and governance.

To meet these differing needs we offer multiple and flexible economic

models.

– Bundling electronic and print subscriptions is an option for Libraries but

not a rule; thus solving the future needs for Archiving information

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Current Problem:

– Print publications provide a degree of permanence.

– if not managed properly, e-information can be

highly short-lived.

Future Need:

– It is critical to libraries and the constituents they serve that permanent archival access to information be available, especially if that information exists only in electronic form.

– Libraries cannot rely solely on external providers to be their archival source. Therefore, agreements to procure e-information must include provisions to purchase and not just to lease or provide temporary access.

Springer For YOU

– Springer offer archiving for contemporary, historic or current content completely dealt with during negotiations of a contract.

• For eg: Extra free content in terms of back files : Contemporary Access for Journals

• Ownership Models for eBooks…etc.

Archiving of Information

Journal Archives

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Measures of Effectiveness

Current Problem:

– Neither academic libraries nor information providers have sufficient experience or data to determine :

– the appropriate unit cost of information,

– the effective return on investment,

– the most appropriate economic model for

charging or paying for electronic information.

Future Need:

– Effective data must be collected and measures of success must be constantly re-evaluated.

– Libraries and providers must jointly develop and agree upon what constitutes an effective measure of the use and value of electronic information so both parties can demonstrate better returns on investment.

– the dust gathered on the book is not an effective measure of it not being used for a long time in a library.

– Or a journal not of core competence of the institute does not disqualify to be part of the library…

Counter

Compliance

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Fair Use : What is this???.

Current Problem:

– No police-ing infrastructure for fair use of Print material.

– India does not even have a reprographic society.

Future Need:

– The concept of fair use continues to be relevant and must be

retained in the electronic environment.

– Publishers find the electronic environment more fair-use friendly

– Even though one still needs to have definitive terms for the same.

Springer for YOU

– We allow downloads and prints

– We monitor web crawlers, spiders, and cut off access on systematic

downloads…

Systematic Downloads ?????????

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Eccles

Medicine

Pavlov

Medicine

Hahn

Chemistry

Diels

ChemistryEinstein

Physics

Bohr

Physics

Freedman

Mathematics

19041904 19211921 19221922 19441944 19501950 19631963 19861986

Springer’s innovations

New business models New products

New content

New geographical content

Russian Library

Chinese Library

Polish Library

2.2 million new articles

Indian Library

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Springer’s Modus Operandi

• Springer operates through 70 offices across the world.

• Electronic content is provided through our online platform,

www.springerlink.com.

• SpringerLink is one of the world’s largest electronic databases of STM

journals, eBooks and reference works.

• All electronic content is fully downloadable and printable.

• We offer a wide range of access models including perpetual access,

ownership mode, subscription models.

• Access through IP recognition ensures that user ids and passwords are not

required to gain access to the contents of the website. However, we aid

institutes with weak infrastructure with username/pw access.

• Entire & Across Campus Access

• Available 24X7

• Exhaustive cross-referencing facility

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– As libraries and providers gather experience, information, and

understanding of the electronic information environment, a richer

array of options and solutions shall emerge.

• Just to bring to the kind notice of the audience:

– Springer is the first publisher to offer its entire current production of

books in electronic format as eBooks recreating the database

approach; on ownership basis, allowing multiple concurrent access

across campuses with full archiving rights…

…A giant step towards…stabilising Electronic Information

Environment