Spring 9 Week Assessment

REVIEW

Which two species are more closely related?

A. bears & raccoonsor

B. raccoons & badgers

Raccoons and badgers

Which species is the most closely related to the guinea pig?

squirrel

Which two species have the most characteristics in common?

Chimpanzee and bonobo

Using the hierarchy of classification to the right, two species are the most similar if they belong to the

same _________.

Genus

Human activities can cause certain species to become extinct, by affecting the species habitat or food supply.

Could species adapt to different surroundings and food over time?

What if the change in food or habitat happened very quickly?

Yes

No, adaptation takes time

Why is overfishing bad?

The fish can’t adapt fast enough

What is it about polar bears that makes it difficult for them to

successfully adapt to habitat & food changes?

Low rate of reproduction.They only have 1-2 cubs every

three years.

When two species try to capture the same resources, what is it called?

competition

Which species according to natural selection will survive?

The species with the best adaptations, which give it an advantage. Survival of the fittest.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common bacteria, fights off competitors by injecting them with toxic

proteins using a needle like puncturing device…

Good competitor

If a bee eats nectar from flowers and pollinates the flowers at the same time, what type of

relationship would it be?

Mutualism, they both get something good.

If desert bats pollinate cactus flowers, where do you think they get their food?

From the cactus!

What type of relationship is it?

MutualismBoth get something good.

Which level provides the most energy?

Grass

Grasshopper

Raccoon

Wolf

Producers

1st Consumer

2nd Consumer

3rd Consumer

If there are 10 kilocalories of energy at the tertiary consumer level in a

habitat, how many kilocalories would be at the producer level?

10 tertiary100 secondary1,000 primary

10,000 producer

In a habitat, horned toads eat ants and ants eat grass. What would happen if the number of horned

toads increased?

The number of ants will decrease & the amount of grass will increase

What would happen if decomposers like earthworms were removed from an ecosystem?

The cycle will be disrupted and slowed

What trophic level of a food web would be the most damaging if it died out?

producers

Can you explain why?

All the energy in the system starts with the producers. All other levels would run out of food eventually.

What would happen if the bird population increased?

The grasshoppers would decrease and the grass and

snakes would increase

BirdGrass Grasshopper Snake

Fox

Cat

Mouse Rabbit

Grass

Explain which animals would be affected if a disease killed out all the grass.

All would be affected because of lack of food.

What is an example of a herbivore?

Any organism that eats producers. Deer, Rabbit, Mouse etc…..

What are 2 synonyms for producer?

P lants or A utotrophs

Which level contains the herbivores?

BirdGrass Grasshopper Snake

Where do herbivores get their energy?

Producers

How much energy is passed to the next level?

10%

What happens to the other 90%?

Used by the organisms at that level & given off as heat

Is there a limit to the number of trophic levels in a food chain?

Yes

Why?

Most energy is given off as heat

In the nitrogen cycle, what organisms that live in soil and on roots fix or make usable by plants the greatest amount of nitrogen?

Bacteria fix the most nitrogen.

Are bacteria biotic or abiotic?Biotic (living)

What happens to dead animal tissue in an ecosystem?

Becomes nutrients for other organisms

How are viruses and prokaryotes different?

A virus does not replicate on its own, but prokaryotic cells do replicate on

their own.

How do vaccines work?

They induce the body to recognize the pathogen as foreign.

What does AIDs do to a person’s immune system?

Weakens it

What type of cells does HIV attack?

T-lymphocytes

How can a scientist distinguish between virus and bacteria?

A virus attacks the cell’s genetic material, while bacteria use toxins to

kill a cell.