spotted lanternfly...heather leach, ashley leach, michela centinari, david biddinger, greg krawczyk,...

Heather Leach, Ashley

Leach, Michela Centinari,

David Biddinger, Greg

Krawczyk, Andrew Harner,

Lauren Briggs, Liz

Deecher, Julie Urban

Penn State Entomology

[email protected]

SPOTTED LANTERNFLY: detection and management in vineyards

Native to Asia,

found in

southeastern PA

in 2014

Now spread to 6

states and

detected in 4

additional states

New invasive pest, spotted

lanternfly (SLF)

NY external

quarantine areas. SLF

infestation found

SLF found, no

infestation

Internal state

quarantine areas

Updated March 9, 2020

Life stages of SLF

All life stages feed on

plant sap (except

egg masses)

SLF has a broad host range

70+ plants identified as

a host for SLF

Nymphs are especially

polyphagous

Favorite hosts include:

tree-of-heaven

grape

black walnut

red/silver maple

river birch

willow

sumac

SLF damage to vineyards

Honeydew in vineyards

Egg masses in vineyards

EGG LAYING

Liz WillowZil Fessler

Brandon Zimmerman

Jenny Armstrong Powell

Lori LaCava Beatrice

SLF egg masses

SLF pressure in vineyards

SLF feeding damage is difficult to

evaluate!

Vineyards reporting yield losses

and vine death from SLF

>80% of growers managing for

SLF with 30% reporting damage

(n=48)

Average number of insecticide

applications went from 4 to 14

in response to SLF in just two

years (2016 to 2018)

Average insecticide costs per

acre went from $54 to $147

SLF damage to vines

H. Leach

When is SLF in the vineyard?

Where is SLF in the vineyard?

What behavior is happening in the vineyard?

How are vines being damaged?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

5/2

9

6/5

6/1

2

6/1

8

6/2

6

7/1

7/1

0

7/1

7

7/2

4

7/3

1

8/5

8/1

2

8/2

1

8/2

8

9/3

9/9

9/1

6

9/2

5

9/3

0

10/3

10/7

10/1

5

10/2

1

10/3

1

Avera

ge

SLF

per

vin

e

Wooded Edge Interior

SLF phenologySouth Korean

recommendations

were to initiate

spraying when

SLF was at 5-10

per vine

2018 & 2019 data from 9 SE PA vineyards

Leach and Leach, unpublished

3.6 acres

Across all vineyards that

were grid sampled, 67% of

your total SLF population is in

the first 60 feet of the block

199

306

595

5125

Spatial distribution is

not equal. Use

border sprays! Full

sprays only when

needed (which means

you need to scout multiple

areas of vineyard regularly).

Monitoring activity of SLF on

vines

Morning Afternoon Evening

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

September October

Ave

rage

(±S

E) S

LF o

bse

rved

in f

ligh

t

Sampling month

Morning

Afternoon

Evening

0 0

a

a

b No significant difference

Flight activity

greatest in

afternoon in

September

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

September October

Avera

ge (

±S

E)

adult S

LF

per

vin

e

Sampling month

Morning

Afternoon

Evening a

a

bNo significant

difference

a

a

b

Up to 3x more SLF

per vine in a

matter of hours!

Spray in the evening when using

contact sprays

during heavy

dispersal periods

0

2

4

6

May-29 June-29 July-29 August-29 September-29 October-29

First instarA

vera

ge n

um

ber

SL

F p

er

vin

e

Date

0

6

12

18


Adult

0

2

4

6


Fourth instar

0

2

4

6


Third instar

0

2

4

6


Second instar

Cordon TrunkShoots

Shift spray nozzles

down towards trunk

in later season to

get best coverage

How does SLF feeding affect grapevine

physiology?

Michela Centinari, Andrew Harner,

Heather Leach, Lauren Briggs, Don Smith, Julie

Urban

Evaluating the Impacts of Spotted Lanternfly on Grapevine Health to Develop More Targeted Control Approaches (2019)

(Centinari, Urban, Leach, Eissenstat)

How does SLF feeding affect grapevine

physiology?

How do different levels of

SLF feeding affect:

Carbon assimilation and

photosynthetic efficiency of

leaves

Accumulation of

carbohydrates and

nutrients in fruit and

storage (trunk, stem, roots)

tissues

Bud freeze tolerance

(cold hardiness)

When is SLF in the vineyard?SLF populations peak in mid-late September


Where is SLF in the vineyard?SLF populations are highest near the wooded edge, first feeding on

the shoots followed by the trunks




What behavior is happening in the vineyard?SLF are mostly inactive in the morning, but feed heavily in the

afternoon and evening

SLF flight activity is highest in the afternoon, and populations may

increase on the vine throughout the day




What behavior is happening in the vineyard?SLF are mostly inactive in the morning, but feed heavily in the

afternoon and evening

SLF flight activity is highest in the afternoon, and populations may

increase on the vine throughout the day

How are vines being damaged?High levels of SLF feeding reduce photosynthesis, transpiration, brix

values, and cold hardiness

MANAGEMENT

Spray insecticides

Remove tree-of-

heaven and/or use

as a trap tree

Remove egg

masses in

winter

Remove tall trees

surrounding

vineyard

Postpone planting

new vines until we

have a better solution

Grower options

Leach et al. 2019, Crop Protection

Most commonly used

SLF insecticide trials

**NOTE: Efficacy of carbaryl has been questioned by several growers for both nymph and adult activity.

SLF insecticide questions

Do I need to spray for nymphs?

That depends. We don’t have established thresholds for adults or nymphs. Typically, I recommend applications when you’re at 15-20 nymphs SLF per vine and 5-10 adults per vine on average.

What do I use to spray for nymphs?

Something with a quick knockdown that won’t flare secondary pests and can potentially double-dip with other insect pests.

Malathion, carbaryl, zeta-cypermethrin are common choices. Insecticidal soap/neem oil can be used for less toxic option (provided you have excellent coverage)

SLF insecticide trials

Field evaluations of insecticides in vineyards occurring this year (using grower collaborators, chemigation, backpack sprayer applications) for:

(1) refined residual efficacy data

(2) search for additional effective compounds

(3) test application method (chemigation, border spray applications)

Suggestions of insecticides to test this year are welcome!

Reports of secondary pest flare-ups

occurring, especially this year!

Mites

Mealybug

Leafhopper

Generalist predators are attacking SLF at

low levels

Photos by H. Leach

Biological control

Two fungal pathogens in PA found attacking SLF

In 2015, Beauveriabassiana found attacking SLF in multiple locations and at low levels

Fungal pathogens

H. Leach

Applications of B. bassiana (BoteGHA) were made in woodlots with high SLF pressure in early July and mid-August

July applications reduced nymph populations by 46%

August application did not offer significant control

Use of Beauveria

Egg masses and nymphs collected beginning in 2015

Two parasitoid species found: Anastatusorientalis and Dryinusstantoni

Both are currently in U.S. quarantine facility

Map courtesy of Kim Hoelmer & Juli Gould

Foreign exploration

Grower response to SLF

Penn State (PI: Julie Urban)

USDA-ARS

USDA-APHIS

Cornell University

Northeast IPM Center

Rutgers

Virginia Tech

University of Delaware

Temple University

University of Rhode Island

To quantify the insect’s impact on at-risk specialty

crops and immediately develop management

tactics to reduce the damage in areas where

spotted lanternfly is established.

To perform essential fundamental research on the

pest’s basic biology, ecology and behavior, and to

develop biological control tactics contributing to

long-term sustainable solutions.

To deliver management solutions to specialty-

crop stakeholders and the public through the

extension networks of the partnering land-grant

universities, USDA agencies and the Northeastern

IPM Center.

USDA SCRI CAPS grant$7.3 million over 4 years to 10 institutions

Looking aheadField evaluation of insecticides/spray programs

Border applications using cannon style sprayers

Chemigation (insecticides through irrigation system, treated prior to

harvest)

Testing/development of effective monitoring tools

Establishment of thresholds

Landscape-scale control of SLF (controlling woodlots around

vineyards, Blue Marsh project)

Use of treated tree-of-heaven as trap crop

Exclusion netting on vines

Insecticidal netting as flight-intercept barrier to vineyards

Use of tree-of-heaven as trap

crop

Vineyard trials for 2020

SLF attracted to tall objects

Video by Brian Walsh

Pole study

If you’re inundated…

1. Monitor in mid-late May for nymphs. If numerous, spray a short-residual insecticide. They likely won’t return until adults.

2. Expect adults to appear in late July in low numbers.

If you’re inundated…

3. Expect to begin spraying insecticides at regular intervals beginning in late-August to early October.

5. After harvest, Brigade/Bifenturewill offer best residual activity (but only allowed once @ maximum label rate!)

4. Prior to harvest, Mustang Maxx, Venom/Scorpion, Malathion, and Carbaryl/Sevin* are your best options.

If you’ve just seen one/a few…

H. Leach

1. Typically, the first 1-2 years after detecting your first SLF are “quiet”

2. Your first “bad year” is usually later in the season – expect adults to come in mid-late September through October

3. Be aware of your surroundings! Other plants in the landscape may be harboring large numbers of eggs that you weren’t aware of.

If you don’t yet have SLF...1. Scout for tree-of-heavennear your vineyard

2. Monitor tree-of-heaven and vineyard edges for SLF (especially late season)

3. If you think you find a spotted lanternfly, kill it, take a picture, and report it to your state department of agriculture

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spotted lanternfly...heather leach, ashley leach, michela centinari, david biddinger, greg krawczyk,...

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