species trials in the interior of northern sweden - evaluation after 20 years johan westin
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Species trials in the interior of northern Sweden
- Evaluation after 20 years
Johan Westin
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8 species tested…
Abies lasiocarpa Abies sibiricaPinus sylvestris Picea glauca
Picea marianaPicea abies Pinus contortaLarix sibirica(L.sukaczewi)
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Conclusions Good growth performance of
larch – the best? Survival can be improved
- better nursery management- other seed sources?
Stem straightness could become a future problem
Suitable soil types appear to be ”spruce” types
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Background 70’s - a predicted future shortage of wood Need to utilize forests in the interior of
northern Sweden How to re-forestate?
- cold climate- low production
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Sponsors Sveaskog Holmen SCA Norrbottens och Västerbottens
allmänningsskogar (=community forests) Swedish Forest Agency
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Difficult to regenerate
Spring & autumn frosts Frost damages during the
growing period Variable climate -
Frequent occasions with ”destructive” weather
Flat sites, frost prone sites, frost ”pockets”
Vinter/Early spring damages
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Short growing season
Long lasting snow coverage - 7-8 months
October 15 May 15
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How to improve regeneration?
Fresch clear-cuts Site preparation Well adapted
provenances - growth rhythm
Planting material - seedling size, - planting time - seedlings in ”rest”
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Field trials 21 survival trials 5 production
trials
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Species & provenances; # per site, # total used
Picea abies (L.) Karst. 1-3 prov./site, 12 used Pinus sylvestris L. 2-3 6 Pinus contorta ssp. Latifolia 2 3 Abies sibirica Led. 1-2 2 Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 1-3 9 Picea mariana (Mill.) 2-4 8 Larix sibirica 2-4 7
(L.sukaczewi) (4 SO, 3 prov.) Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 1-3 7
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Field trial design (example)
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Traits assessed on each tree Vitality 0-3 (Survival 1/0) Tree height, dm Stem straightness class, 0-2, Stem stability class, 0-3 Wood quality class, 0-4
Predicted future wood quality based on defects on the main stem. (stem stability considered separately).
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Transfer effects Inoptimal seed sources
- three species Limitations on lat.transfer
but… ≥1 provenance/species & trial
Pinus sylvestris>1.1° southward transfer
Pinus contorta <5.1° northward transfer
Picea mariana <1.3° southward transfer Northward►
◄Southward
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Good growth performance of Larch
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Relatively low survival of Larch
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Larch does not have straight stems
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Larch stems have high stability
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Intermediate stem wood quality
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Site type effects Various variables tested
Spruce type?, Soil productivity, South facing?, Soiltype class,Texture class, Moisture class, Soilwater flow?, Slope-degrees?, Wind exposed?, Frostprone?
Larch survival+ spruce types (not pine),soil water flow, no frost sites - high productive soils
Larch height growth+ fine soils (silt, loam), wind exposure- high productive soils
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Large variation in survival
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Nursery related problems with Larch
Autumn frost damages in the nursery→Short day (SD) treatment
Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea)→plant density & humidity, removal of dead needles
Planting of seedlings in rest → cool room storage →freezer storage
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Conclusions Good growth performance of
larch – the best? Survival can be improved
- better nursery management- other seed sources?
Stem straightness could become a future problem
Suitable soil types appear to be ”spruce” types