SPANISH 1LIFEPAC SEVEN

CONTENTS

I. GRAMMAR: REFLEXIVE VERBS ................................. 1

II. PERSONAL CARE........................................................ 11

III. WEATHER AND TEMPERATURES .............................. 12

IV. GRAMMAR: ADVERBS & DEMONSTRATIVE

ADJECTIVES ............................................................... 20

V. THE AZTECS, INCAS, & MAYAS................................. 26

VI. REVIEW EXERCISES ................................................... 34

VII. VOCABULARY DRILL .................................................. 37

VOCABULARY LIST .................................................... 43

Authors: Brenda Hrbek, B.S. Ed.Katherine Engle, B.A., M.A.Vicki Seeley Milunich, B.A., M.S. Ed.

Managing Editor: Alan Christopherson, M.S.Editors: Christine E. Wilson, B.A., M.A.Graphic Design: Kyle Bennett, Jennifer Davis

804 N. 2nd Ave. E., Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759© MMX by Alpha Omega Publications, Inc. All rights reserved.

LIFEPAC is a registered trademark of Alpha Omega Publications, Inc.All trademarks and/or service marks referenced in this material are the property of their respective owners. Alpha Omega Publications, Inc.

makes no claim of ownership to any trademarks and/or service marks other than their own and their affiliates’, and makes no claim of affiliationto any companies whose trademarks may be listed in this material, other than their own.

Note to Students: Whenever you are prompted to listen to an audio portion of an exercise (indicated bythe icon), a blank has been provided for you to record the audio CD track number.This will aid you in quickly locating the correct track number when you review.

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SPANISH 1: LIFEPAC 7

OBJECTIVES

When you have completed this LIFEPAC, you should be able to:

1. Recognize and apply reflexive verbs for a variety of situations, particularly to expresspersonal care needs.

2. Use weather expressions.

3. Learn how to form Spanish adverbs.

4. Point things out by using demonstrative adjectives.

5. Reinforce your knowledge of expressions with tener and ir by reviewing LIFEPAC 6.

I. REFLEXIVE VERBS

Paula and Marta are talking about their daily routine. Listen to their conversation. (CDTrack # _________ )

Paula: Hola, Marta. ¿Qué tal?Marta: Me siento muy cansada hoy.Paula: ¿Por qué te sientes cansada?Marta: Me acosté muy tarde anoche.Paula: ¿A qué hora te acuestas general-

mente?Marta: Generalmente me acuesto a las

diez y media, y me duermo a lasonce.

Paula: ¿Y a qué hora te despiertas?Marta: Me despierto a las seis y media, y me levanto a las siete menos veinte.Paula: ¿Te duchas por la mañana o por la noche?Marta: Me ducho por la noche porque no tengo tiempo por la mañana. Después de levan-

tarme, me lavo la cara, me cepillo los dientes, me visto y me peino.Paula: ¿Te maquillas?Marta: Sí, me maquillo todos los días.Paula: ¿A qué hora te vas a la escuela?Marta: Generalmente me voy a la escuela a las ocho menos cuarto. ¿Y tú?Paula: Me despierto a las seis porque necesito irme a la escuela a las siete y cuarto.Marta: ¡Es muy temprano!Paula: Sí, pero casi nunca me siento cansada porque me acuesto temprano también.

Using the conversation and its translation, write the English for the following.

1.1 a. me siento _____________________________________________

b. te sientes _____________________________________________

c. te acuestas _____________________________________________

d. me acuesto _____________________________________________

e. me duermo _____________________________________________

f. te despiertas _____________________________________________

g. me despierto _____________________________________________

h. me levanto _____________________________________________

i. me lavo la cara _____________________________________________

j. me cepillo los dientes _____________________________________________

k. me visto _____________________________________________

l. te maquillas _____________________________________________

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Translation:

Paula: Hi, Marta. How’s it going?Marta: I feel really tired today.Paula: Why do you feel tired?Marta: I went to bed really late last night.Paula: What time to you usually go to bed?Marta: I usually go to bed at 10:30, and I fall asleep at 11:00.Paula: And what time do you wake up?Marta: I wake up at 6:30, and I get up at 6:40.Paula: Do you take a shower in the morning or at night?Marta: I shower at night because I don’t have time in the morning. After getting up, I wash

my face, I brush my teeth, I get dressed, and I comb my hair.Paula: Do you put on makeup?Marta: Yes, I put on makeup everyday.Paula: What time do you leave for school?Marta: I usually leave for school at 7:45. And you?Paula: I wake up at 6:00 because I need to leave for school at 7:15.Marta: That’s really early!Paula: Yes, but I almost never feel tired because I go to bed early too.

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m me maquillo _____________________________________________

n. te vas _____________________________________________

o. me voy _____________________________________________

p. necesito irme _____________________________________________

Reflexive Verbs

You will notice that the words me and te are used many times in the conversation between Paula andMarta and that me is used with the yo form of verbs while te is used with the tú form. Me and te arereflexive pronouns. If a Spanish verb is reflexive, reflexive pronouns must be used with it. Reflexiveverbs are used to indicate that the person who does the action is also the person who receives the action;the action “reflects” back on the subject of the sentence. In English the reflexive pronouns myself, yourself,himself, ourselves, etc. are often used to express this. When the action is received by a different person orby an object, the verb is not reflexive. Study these examples:

Marta lava el coche. = Marta washes the car. The verb isn’t reflexivebecause while Marta does the action, the car receives that action.

Marta se lava. = Marta washes (herself). Marta is washing herself; she isboth doing the action and receiving it. Therefore, a reflexive verb isneeded.

Clara pone los anteojos en la mesa. = Clara puts the glasses on the table.The verb isn’t reflexive because Clara is doing the action but isn’t receiving it.

Clara se pone los anteojos. = Clara puts on the glasses. The verb is reflexive, as Clara is doingthe action to herself. She both does and receives the action.

When you learn a new verb, if se is attached to the end of the infinitive, it’s a reflexive verb.

lavarse ponerse vestirse peinarse

All reflexive verbs use these reflexive pronouns:

yo me nosotros nostú te vosotros osUd./él/ella se Uds./ellos/ellas se

For the simple present tense, the reflexive pronoun is placed directly before the verb. Consider theexample of lavarse (to wash oneself).

yo me lavo nosotros nos lavamostú te lavas vosotros os laváisUd./él/ella se lava Uds./ellos/ellas se lavan

If an infinitive is used, the reflexive pronoun is placed either directly before the conjugated verb or isattached to the infinitive.

Me voy a lavar. or Voy a lavarme. = I’m going to wash (myself).

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Because gustar is a special verb that is conjugated differently, reflexive pronouns used with it mustbe attached to the infinitive.

No me gusta despertarme temprano. = I don’t like to wake up early. (The pronoun me must beattached to despertar; otherwise you would have No me me gusta despertar temprano.)

With reflexive verbs, the definite or indefinite article is used instead of a possessive adjective for partsof the body and for clothing.

Me lavo la cara. (I wash my face.) Not Me lavo mi cara.

Te cepillas los dientes. (You brush your teeth.) Not Te cepillas tus dientes.

Ana se quita las botas. (Ana takes off her boots.) Not Ana se quita sus botas.

The reason for this is because with reflexive verbs, it’s already obvious that the person is washing hisor her own face, brushing his or her own teeth, and taking off his or her own boots. To use the posses-sive adjectives would be redundant.

Some verbs change their meaning when they become reflexive. Here are some common examples:

dormir (to sleep) Duermo ocho horas cada noche.(I sleep eight hours each night.)

dormirse (to fall asleep, to go to sleep) Me duermo a las once.(I fall asleep at 11:00.)

ir (to go) Voy a la escuela todos los días.(I go to school everyday.)

irse (to leave, to go away) Me voy a la escuela a las ocho.(I leave for school at 8:00.)

poner (to put, to place, to set) Voy a poner el libro en la mesa.(I’m going to put the book on the table.)

ponerse (to put on) Voy a ponerme una chaqueta.(I’m going to put on a jacket.)

Here are some common reflexive verbs; notice that many of them are stem-changing.Listen and repeat. (CD Track # _________ )

acostarse (o–ue) to go to bedafeitarse to shavebañarse to bathe, to take a bathcaerse to fall downcambiarse de (ropa) to change (clothes)cepillarse (el pelo/los dientes) to brush (one’s hair/teeth)cortarse el pelo to get a haircut; to cut one’s hairdespertarse (e–ie) to wake updesvestirse (e–i) to undress, to get undresseddivertirse (e–ie) to have fun, to have a good time, to enjoy

oneselfdormirse (o–ue) to fall asleep, to go to sleepducharse to shower, to take a showerirse to leave, to go awaylavarse to wash (oneself)

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levantarse to get upmaquillarse to put on makeupmirarse to look at oneself

*peinarse to comb one’s hairponerse to put onponerse a dieta to go on a dietprepararse to get ready, to prepare oneselfquedarse (en casa) to stay (at home)quitarse to take offreferirse (e–ie) to refersecarse to dry (oneself)

*sentarse (e–ie) to sit, to sit down*sentirse (e–ie) to feel*verse (cansado, enfermo, etc.) to look (tired, sick, etc.)vestirse (e–i) to dress, to get dressed

* Note the following explanations:

Peinarse (to comb one’s hair) is not used with el pelo. To say I comb my hair, simply use Me peino(Not Me peino el pelo).

The yo form of sentarse (to sit, to sit down) and of sentirse (to feel) are the same: me siento.However, the rest of the sentence or the context of the conversation will make the meaning clear.

Me siento al lado de Juan. I sit next to Juan.Me siento muy nervioso. I feel very nervous.

The adjectives used with sentirse (to feel) and verse (to look) must agree with the person or personsthey modify. Remember that bien and mal are adverbs and therefore do not change.

Nos sentimos bien. We feel good/fine.Nos sentimos emocionados. We feel excited.Silvia se ve muy bonita. Silvia looks very pretty.Ellos se ven enojados. They look angry.

Listen and repeat the conjugations of the following reflexive verbs. (CD Track # _________ )

bañarse yo me baño nosotros nos bañamostú te bañas vosotros os bañáisUd./él/ella se baña Uds./ellos/ellas se bañan

acostarse (o–ue) yo me acuesto nosotros nos acostamostú te acuestas vosotros os acostáisUd./él/ella se acuesta Uds./ellos/ellas se acuestan

ponerse yo me pongo nosotros nos ponemostú te pones vosotros os ponéisUd./él/ella se pone Uds./ellos/ellas se ponen

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divertirse (e–ie) yo me divierto nosotros nos divertimostú te diviertes vosotros os divertísUd./él/ella se divierte Uds./ellos/ellas se divierten

sentirse (e–ie) yo me siento nosotros nos sentimostú te sientes vosotros os sentísUd./él/ella se siente Uds./ellos/ellas se sienten

Fill in the conjugations of these reflexive verbs. Remember that you must have two wordsin each blank: a reflexive pronoun and a verb form.

1.2 a. levantarse (to get up)

yo _______________________________________ nosotros_________________________________

tú _______________________________________ vosotros _________________________________

Ud.______________________________________ Uds._____________________________________

b. despertarse (to wake up)

yo _______________________________________ nosotros_________________________________

tú _______________________________________ vosotros _________________________________

él________________________________________ ellos_____________________________________

c. verse (to look)

yo _______________________________________ nosotros_________________________________

tú _______________________________________ vosotros _________________________________

ella______________________________________ ellas _____________________________________

d. sentarse (to sit, to sit down)

yo _______________________________________ nosotros_________________________________

tú _______________________________________ vosotros _________________________________

Ud.______________________________________ Uds._____________________________________

e. dormirse (to fall asleep, to go to sleep)

yo _______________________________________ nosotros_________________________________

tú _______________________________________ vosotros _________________________________

Ud.______________________________________ Uds._____________________________________

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Translate the following into English; use the simple present tense.

1.3 a. ¿A qué hora se despiertan Uds.?

b. Generalmente nos levantamos entre las seis y las seis y media.

c. Me divierto cuando salgo con mis amigos.

d. ¿Vas a quedarte en casa esta noche?

e. Nora se sienta cerca de Luisa.

f. Me pongo un suéter cuando tengo frío.

g. Me siento alegre cuando saco una buena nota.

h. Los niños se ven asustados.

i. Toña se afeita las piernas.

j. ¿Por qué nunca se maquilla Alicia?

k. Me corto el pelo cada dos meses.

l. Te debes cepillar los dientes dos veces al día.

m. Julieta se necesita secar el pelo.

n. No nos gusta acostarnos temprano.