spain after 1492
TRANSCRIPT
Spain after 1492WHERE WE ARE IN PLACE AND TIME
The reign of Catholic MonarchsoQueen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon unified Spain with their marriage and so expanded its territories.
oThrough out their rule, they conquered the Kingdom if Granada, areas of North Africa and the Canary Islands.
oOn top of this they funded Christopher Columbus’ expedition leading him to discover America!
Key WordsTerritories: Land that is controlled or owned by a particular country.
Conquered: The act of taking control of a country or beating a country in battle/war.
Fund: To provide the money to pay for something.
The Spanish empire 1516oIn 1516 Isabella’s grandson, Charles I, became the king of Spain.
oHis empire included the Netherlands, areas of Central Europe as well as the Catholic Monarch territories.
oDuring his his reign there were revolts in Spain and also wars in Europe due to religious and social disputes. This caused Charles I serious problems.
Key WordsEmpire: A group of countries all ruled by one person.
Reign: The length of time a King or Queen rules a country.
The Spanish empire 1556
oAfter Charles I came the rule of Philip II.
oHis empire was even larger than Charles I’s as it included the Netherlands, Iberian Peninsula and areas of southern Italy, Asia, Spain and Africa.
The Spanish empire 1556
oDuring his reign, Philip II was involved in many wars. These wars were very expensive making the population of Spain become much poorer.
oHowever, his armies fought and won against France in 1557 and the Turks at the battle of Lepanto in 1571.
oUnfortunately, the Netherlands started their rebellion against the Spanish rule during this time.
The Culture of the Golden AgeoThe Spanish Golden age lasted from 1560 – 1680 and was a period of time with great artistic activity.
LiteratureOne of the worlds greatest books was written by Miguel de Cervantes.
Lope de Vega was an important figure, writing plays and poetry.
A painting of Miguel De Cervantes
The Culture of the Golden Age
ArchitectureThe Monastery El Escorial was built in the 16th Century.
The Cathedral of Seville was built in the 17th Century.
El Escorial
The Culture of the Golden Age
PaintingEl Greco became famous in the 16th century for his elongated figures.
Diego Velazquez painted his masterpieces in the 17th Century.
El Greco 1588
The 17th century crisisoIn the 17th Century, there were three Habsburg Kings;o Philip III (1598-1621)
o Philip IV (1621-1665)
o Charles II (1665-1700)
oAll of these kings chose ministers. These ministers became extremely powerful.
oThis was a time of military and political decline. Spain lost the Netherlands and Portugal and there were also revolts in Catalonia.
Key WordsMinister: A politician who holds an important position of power.
Bourbon SpainoCharles II died in 1700 with no children, and so no heir to the throne.
oThere was a dispute about who should become king or queen by two royal families: the French Bourbons and the Austrian Habsburgs.
oBetween 1701 and 1714 countries in Europe fought in the Spanish War of Succession. At the end of this war the Philip V the French Bourbon became King of Spain.
Key WordsHeir: Someone who will get another persons money or belongings (in this case the throne) once that person dies.
The Bourbon MonarchyoPhilip V established an absolute monarchy. This is when the government holds all the power.
oMany changes were made during this time by Philip V, Charles III and Charles IV who were the first Bourbon kings.
oThese changes included allocating secretaries of state, who would help the king with government related activities like tax collecting and the organisation of armies.
Science and culture in the 18th Century
oIn the 18th century, interest in culture and science increased. oDaily newspapers appeared
oMuseums and botanical gardens were created
oAcademies were created, such as the Royal Academy of Language were formed.
Botanical Gardens of Madrid
The 19th Century- Spanish war of independence.oNapoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of France, invaded Spain in 1808.
oAfter a victory, Napoleons brother Joseph Bonaparte became king. Opposition to his reign led to the Spanish war of independence.
oDuring this war, members of the Spanish parliament wrote the Constitution of Cadiz which limited the Kings power and established the rights of citizens including the right to vote for men aged 25 or older.
Restoration of Ferdinand VIIoThe French were defeated, and in 1814 Ferdinand VII was once again made king of Spain.
oThere was political chaos in Spain as there was an independence movement in the Spanish colonies of America.
oIn 1824, all the American colonies except Cuba and Puerto Rico were independent.
Ferdinand VII
Conservatism and LiberalismoIsabella II, Ferdinand’s daughter, came to the throne in 1833. During her reign there were conflicts between the conservatives and liberals. oConservatives are individuals with traditional values, and wanted an absolute
monarchy.
oLiberals wanted to modernise the country. They wanted limitations on the powers of the monarch.
oIn 1873 the First Spanish Republic was made but it lasted less than a year. Finally in 1874 the monarchy was restored under Isabella’s son, Alfonso XII.
