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Spacecraft Avionics ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Spacecraft Avionics

• Lecture #26 – December 2, 2014 • Avionics overview • Shuttle systems • Constellation systems

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© 2014 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu



Avionics Functions

from J. F. Hanaway and R. W. Morehead, Space Shuttle Avionics Systems - NASA SP-504, 1989

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Shuttle Data Bus Architecture


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Displays and Controls Block Diagram


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Communications Block Diagram


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On-Orbit Communications Links


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Shuttle Antenna Locations


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S-Band Network Equipment


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Ku-Band Radar and Communications


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Payload Interfaces


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Shuttle Baseline Systems Architecture


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Shuttle Avionics Installations


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Software Architecture


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Navigation, Guidance, and Control Elements


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Reaction Control System Architecture


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Crew Audio System


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Electrical Power Distribution Bus (1 of 3)


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CEV Avionics Architecture

• Command and Data Handling (C&DH) • Displays and Control (D&C) • Communications and Tracking (C&T) • Instrumentation wiring • Flight software

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So How Do You Do “Avionics”?• Create specifications

– Sensor list (type, location, number, criticality) – Networking strategy – Estimate of processing throughput

• Complexity of controlling equations • Required cycle times

– Communications bandwidth

• Select critical components – Data management units – Redundancy strategies – Communications frequencies

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Avionics Design (continued)

• System block diagrams • Interface control documentation • Power and thermal budgets • Crew interfaces (controls and displays) • Failure modes and effects analysis • Probabilistic risk assessment

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Matrix Organization

• The ENAE484 project team (33 people) will be divided into six specialty groups – Systems Integration (SI) – Mission Planning and Analysis (MPA) – Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms (LSM) – Power, Propulsion, and Thermal (PPT) – Crew Systems (CS) – Avionics and Software (AVS)

• You will be assigned to a specialty group - but you do get to express your preferences

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Systems Integration

• Overall coordination of design activities • Overall program design • Development of canonical system configurations • Vehicle- and system-level trade studies • Cost estimation and program budgeting • Mass budgeting and allocation • CG and inertia matrix development • Advanced technologies (e.g., robotics, EVA)

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Mission Planning and Analysis

• Creation and maintenance of design reference mission(s) (DRM)

• Orbital mechanics and launch/entry trajectories • Determination of operational mission objectives • Concept of operations (CONOPS) • Programmatic planning (sequence of missions) • Science instrument/payload definition

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Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms

• Identification and estimation of loads sources • Structural design and analysis

– Selection of structural shapes and materials – Stress modeling – Deformation estimation – Design optimization

• Design of mechanisms (docking/berthing ports, separation mechanisms, launch holddowns, engine gimbals))

• Tracking of critical margins of safety

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Power, Propulsion, and Thermal

• Electrical power generation • Energy storage • Power management and conditioning • Primary propulsion (orbital maneuvering) • Reaction control system (rotation/translation) • Design of propellant storage and feed systems • Thermal modeling and analysis • Thermal control systems • Power budgets

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Crew Systems• Internal layout • Emergency egress systems • Lighting and acoustics • Window and viewing analysis • Life support systems

– Air revitalization – Water collection and regeneration – Cabin thermal control – Waste management – Food and hygiene

• EVA accommodations

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Avionics and Software• Data management (flight computers) • Networking • Sensors • Power distribution • Guidance system • Control systems, including attitude control • Communications • Robot control systems • Software • Data transmission budgets

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Expressing Your Preferences

• Go on the Canvas site for ENAE483 - http://myelms.umd.edu

• Take the “quiz” on 484 Assignment Preference – AHP pair-wise comparison of groups – Overall comments on assignment

• Complete the assignment ASAP, but no later than Saturday night so I can process the data and have the assignments by class next week

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http://myelms.umd.edu

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