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The JapaneseReception of Belgian Family Care

through German Psychiatry

A close look

into the Gheel visitors Register

Akira HashimotoAichi Prefectural University

A foster family in Gheel,with 2 patients by the window

(ca. 1900)

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Two register books of Gheel visitors

1st book

(no title)

visitors 1863-1892

2nd book

Registre des permis de

visiter ltablissementvisitors 1892-1935

The Geel Public Psychiatric Hospital (OPZ)

Registre des permis de visiter ltablissement

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Gheel visitors from foreign countries

(1892-1935)

North America (11%)

Europe (78%)

Central & SouthAmerica (6%)

Asia (4%)

Africa &Oceania (1%)

403 (persons)

54

31

18

6 (persons)

In Europe (78%) , 19 visitorsfrom Russia are included.

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1892-1895

1896-1900

1901-1905

1906-1910

1911-1915

1916-1920

1921-1925

1926-1930

1931-1935

year

number of visitors

Gheel visitors from foreign countries

(1892-1935)

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1892-1895

1896-1900

1901-1905

1906-1910

1911-1915

1916-1920

1921-1925

1926-1930

1931-1935

year

number of visitors

Germany USA

Gheel visitors from Germany and USA

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5 visitors from Saxony Province

on March 4th and 5th, 1899.

(from Registre)

Graf von Wintzingerode

Dr. PaetzThewes

Dr. AltDr. Fries

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8 Japanese visitors

May 10,1935? (Kurimuras companion)

May 10,1935KURIMURA, Kazuo (Doctor, Nippon Yusen)

May 30, 1935MURAMATSU, Tsuneo (University of Tokyo)

May 10,1935? (Kurimuras companion)

Oct.13, 1931KUBO, Ikujiro (Kyoto Medical College)

Jul.or Aug.1901

KURE, Shuzo (University of Tokyo)

Jul. 22, 1899SHIMIZU, Toru (Imperial Household Agency)

Jul. 22, 1899KAWAMURA, Yoshimasu (Osaka District Court)

Date of visitName (affiliation)

?

??

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Shuzo Kure 1865-1932, Professor

of psychiatry at theUniversity of Tokyo

If modified, Iwakurawould be likeGheel.

Compendium ofPsychiatry(1895)

KURE at the age of 60

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What is Iwakura? Tradition: Daiunji

Temple and yadoya(small home-styleJapanese inn)

Modern law a new interpretation:

family care, the pair of

Gheel and Iwakura

Left: yadoya right: DaiunjiTemple

The holly well(DaiunjiTemple)

Kwannon(god of mercy)(DaiunjiTemple)

The waterfall(DaiunjiTemple)

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How did the idea of the pair of Gheel

and Iwakura come to Kures mind?

before Kure

SAKAKI, Hajime(Berlin: 1882-1886)

SHIMAMURA, Shunichi

(Berlin and Vienna: 1891-1894)

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How did Kure develop the idea of the

pair of Gheel and Iwakura?

study in Austria andGermany (1897-1901)

Karl Moeli in Berlin visit in Gheel (1901)

lecture on family care

(1902)

MOELI, Karl (1849-1919)

Kures document in the Registre

Shuzo Kure

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Kures hope stayed hope. Iwakura stayed as before: no medical

system of family care like in Gheeldeveloped.

family care at the new Tokyo Prefectural

Asylum was not realized.

One of the wards for male patients of the new

Tokyo Prefectural Asylum at Matsuzawa in Tokyo

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Iwakuras development and the fictitious

discourse: a Japanese Gheel (1)

Yadoya (= Hoyojo)

increased in the

1920s and 1930s. Homely atmosphere

Expensive Hoyojo

Lacking in system of family care

Patients at the hoyojo

(Weygandt, 1933)

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Iwakuras development and the fictitious

discourse: a Japanese Gheel (2)

Iwakura Mental

Hospital is the centralclinic of the Iwakurafamily care.

(Tsuchiya,1930)Dr. Tsuchiya (left),director of IwakuraMental Hospital,in the consultationroom

Iwakura Mental

Hospital (newbuildings est. 1909)

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Topography at Iwakura in 1935

Iwakura Mental Hospital

The holly wellat DaiunjiTemple

Watanabe hoyojo

(map: Nakamura O, 2005)

Imai hoyojo

Okayama hoyojo

Muramatsu hoyojo

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Iwakuras development and the fictitious

discourse: a Japanese Gheel (3)

Criticism toward Iwakura : making good

money, no social welfare and support End of Iwakura (until ca. 1945)

a Japanese Gheel (until now)

Authors often refer to Iwakura in the Gheeldescriptions.

From left,Roosens E: Dansen met de maan (2005)Roosens E: Geel: een unicum in de

psychiatrie (1977)Konrad M et.al.: Die zweite Familie (1993)

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Family care: Germany and Japan

Germany experiences in Gheel to realize family care in

their own lands interest in family care faded after WWI

Japan the idea of family care through German

psychiatry no family care was realized (in European sense) instead, the tradition at Iwakura was recognized

as family care and survived until WWII