south america€¦ · criteria related to landform, climate, population, culture, and economies....
TRANSCRIPT
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SouthAmerica
Unit 3 Textbook pages. 272-371
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Caribbean South America
Textbook pages 278-307
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Section 1: Chapter Atlas
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South America Vocabulary
● Cordilleras: chain of a mountain ● Llanos: lowland plains in Colombia and Venezuela ● Ecosystem: plants and animals that depend on each other for
survival ● Terraced farming: sculpting the hillside into different levels for
crops
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Learning Target
I can identify and describe Caribbean South America using criteria related to landform, climate, population, culture, and economies.
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Key Ideas
● A variety of landforms characterizes Caribbean South America.
● Some nations in the region enjoy many natural resources, such as oil.
● Population density varies dramatically in this region of diverse ethnic groups.
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Physical Features
● Colombia○ Andes Mountains extend up the west coast
■ Split into 3 ranges, known as cordilleras.■ The central range is volcanic and has fertile soil for growing
coffee plants. ○ On the eastern side of the Andes, there are lowland plains, or
Llanos in Colombia and Venezuela ○ In the southeastern corner of Colombia, the Amazon rainforest
creeps over the corner from Brazil ● The Eastern coastline has mangrove swamps and salt water
grasses.
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Climate
● Climates vary from tropical wet to tropical wet and dry to semi-arid to arid maritime.
● The hottest temperatures are found in Northern Colombia and Venezuela.
● The climate varies in the Andes because of the differences in elevation. Higher up= cooler air
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Ecosystems
● Animals and plants depend on each other in an ecosystem. ● Unique species of plants and animals thrive in rainforests in
Colombia. ● In the Llanos, there are grasslands and wetlands that supports
many different kinds of plants and animals.○ Capybaras (large rodents) feed on plants ○ Anacondas prey on capybaras
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People and the Landscape
● Most European settlement was along the coast and river valleys.
● Settlers were attracted to the coastal areas and highlands because the climate and landscape are hospitable and easier to reach than those of interior regions.
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Where People Live
● Most people live in cities. ● Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, is the largest
city in the region. ● In Colombia, most people live in the higher, cooler
elevations of the Andes.
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How People Use Their Land
● Along the eastern coastal plain sugar cane, bananas, and rice are grown.
● Coffee is grown in rich soil, high rainfall, and warm climate. ● In the mountains, people gain flat land through terraced
farming.
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A Diverse Population
● Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans live in Caribbean South America. ○ Dances show influence of culture mixing○ Cricket and baseball○ Traditions like carnival
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A Caribbean Cruise Activity- See assignment handout for details.
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Assessment Questions
Textbook p. 289 # 1-5 on loose leaf
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1. Use cordillera, Llanos, ecosystem, terraced farming to describe Caribbean South America.
The cordilleras break into 3 mountain ranges in Colombia. Llanos and lowlands in Colombia and Venezuela. Ecosystems in this area are diverse. Farmers use terraced farming to support crops on hills.
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2. What are some features shared by all nations in this region?
- Tropical wet and dry climates - Diverse wildlife and plants - Diverse population
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3. What are some natural resources in this region?
Oil, minerals, fertile soil.
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4. Where does most of the population live in Caribbean South America?
Along the coast and in the highlands
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5. Look at the population map. What factors explain these settlement patterns?
People settle in more hospitable climates of the highlands and coastal areas.
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Section 2: History of Caribbean South America
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South America Vocabulary
● El Dorado: Legendary gold-rich region ● Caudillos: chief or dictator ● Paramilitaries: private army unauthorized by the government ● Nationalized: government taking ownership of a company
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Learning Target
I can identify ways in which European colonization changed human and physical geography of Caribbean South America.
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Key Ideas
● Colonization by European nations changed the physical and human geography of Caribbean South America.
● Simon Bolivar’s campaigns liberated what are now Venezuela and Colombia.
● Political tensions and conflicts have often troubled Caribbean South America.
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El Dorado
● Soldiers, missionaries, and gold hunters arrived in Caribbean South America in the 1500s.
● Spanish soldiers searched for gold based on a story about El Dorado- the legendary gold rich kingdom.
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Cultures Collide
Spanish people came to Caribbean South America
- Some came looking for gold and treasure- Some came to establish settlements.
The Spanish start importing slaves because they killed off so many Native Americans through mistreatment and disease, that they needed another source of cheap labor.
● English and Dutch pirates threatened trading posts and settlements along the easternmost coast of the Caribbean.
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The Fight for Independence
● Colonists wanted independence from Spain. ○ Colonists wanted to trade with other nations around the
world. ○ Colonists wanted to self- rule.
● The rebels found the great leader, Simon Bolivar, who swore not to rest until they gained independence.
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After Independence
● The new nations faced economic problems after independence. ○ Economies were weak and dictators ruled. ○ One or two product economies were vulnerable to price changes.
● Oil discovery led to an economic boom. ○ Venezuela has nationalized the oil industry and helped use oil revenues to fund social programs.
● Conflicts between rebels and paramilitary groups come from the legacy of few people controlling land and power.
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Shipwreck Discovery
You are an archaeologist who has the job of analyzing the cargo of a shipwreck from the Caribbean coast. You will use information to determine where and when the ship got its cargo. See assignment for details.
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Assessment Questions:
Textbook p. 293 # 1,2,3,7
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1.Use Eldorado, caudillo, paramilitary, and nationalized to describe the region.
● The myth of El Dorado fueled gold lust. ● After independence, caudillos rose to power. ● Paramilitary groups fought left-wing rebels. ● The Venezuelan government nationalized the oil industry.
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2. What changes did Europeans bring to the region?
European diseases killed many Native Americans. Europeans forced Native Americans to work in mines and plantations. Europeans imported slaves.
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3. Who liberated the colonies in Caribbean South America?
Simon Bolivar, along with many patriots, freed the colonies.
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7. What modern conflicts in Caribbean South America have their roots in colonial history?
Conflicts between rebels and paramilitary groups come from the legacy of few people controlling land and power.
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Section 3: Caribbean South America Today
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Key Ideas: ● Caribbean South America is ethnically
diverse. ● Some countries in the region have
important reserves of oil and gas. ● Countries in the region struggle with
environmental and political problems.
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Learning Target
I can describe the cultural diversity of Caribbean South America today.
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South America Vocabulary
● Latin America: describes the areas of the Americas influenced by the cultures of Spain, France, or Portugal--people speak Spanish, a language derived from Latin.
● Subsidence: sinking of the ground● Insurgents: rebels fighting a civil war
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Diverse Cultures
● The region of Caribbean South America is culturally diverse. ○ Guyana and Suriname: influences of Europe and Asia ○ Colombia and Venezuela: Spanish influences.
● Colombia and Venezuela are called Latin American countries because people there speak Spanish, a language derived from Latin.
● Major ethnic groups in this region are Spanish, French, English, Indian, African, and also Native American and Asian.
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Environmental Problems
● All countries in Caribbean South America share the environmental problem of deforestation
● Commercial farming causes pesticide contamination. ● Oil processing can cause pollution and land subsidence ● To help these issues, governments are working on reforestation,
conservation, and establishing reserves.
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Governments and Conflicts
● Most nations in the region suffer from various tensions and conflict
● Ethnic tensions trouble eastern parts of the region. ● In Colombia, the government has been fighting a civil war
against insurgents for decades. ○ The United States is helping restore order.
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Economies
● Caribbean South America is trying to diversify, or change its economies. ○ Venezuela is dependent on oil exports, but
is trying to create tourist industries.
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Chapter Review
Textbook p. 306 #1-8, 12, 13, 16, 17
p. 307 #1-2
on loose leaf; in complete sentences
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1. Through which countries do the Andes extend?
Colombia and Venezuela
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2. How do the cordilleras affect transportation in Colombia?
Cordilleras make east-west travel difficult.
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3. What happened to the indigenous people of the region under Spanish rule?
They lost their land, died of European diseases, and were forced to work in mines and on plantations.
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4. How did the legend of El Dorado encourage Spanish exploration of the region?
El Dorado fueled Spanish exploration in the region, as the legend raised hopes of undiscovered gold.
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5. What social problems led to conflict in Colombia?
The unequal distribution of wealth and property maintained historical, economic, and social inequalities that led to conflict.
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6. What is causing subsidence around Lake Maracaibo?
Years of draining oil from the area causes subsidence.
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7. What natural resources could help the economies of the region?
● Venezuela’s oil reserves ● newly discovered oil reserves in Colombia, gold,
coal, and emeralds in Colombia
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8. Why is it dangerous for a nation to base its economy on only one or two exports?
One or two exports make an economy vulnerable to changes in demand and changes in prices.
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12. Bogota
D
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13. Cordillera Occidental
C
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16. Llanos
B
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17. Caracas
A
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1. What does the information in Document A show about Venezuela’s economy?
B: why petroleum is so important to
Venezuela’s economy
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2. What does document B reveal about how President Chavez regards Venezuela’s oil reserves?
B: They are a limited resource, but the country
will be able to profit from them in the short term.