sound and auditory mechanics. impact loud speaker upon particle distribution in the air
TRANSCRIPT
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sound and auditory mechanics
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impact loud speaker upon particle distribution in the air
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sound amplitude depends on variation of sound pressure
modulation of atmospheric pressure = 100.000 Pascal
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peff = (½ √2) pmax
hearing threshold = 0.00002 Pa
SPL (dB) = 20×log (p/pref)
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reference 2.10-5 Pa
pref, 0 dB SPL
SPL = 20×log (p/pref)
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when you double sound pressure, sound intensity increases with ?
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when you double sound pressure, sound intensity increases with 6 dB
20 log p1/p2 = 20 log 2 = 20×0.3 = 6
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Question
When two students talk non-synchroneously with a sound intensity of 60 dB SPL each, what do they produce together ?
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Answer
When two students talk non-synchroneously with a sound intensity of 60 dB SPL each, they produce together 2 times more energy = 63 dB total
when you double sound pressure, sound intensity increases with 6 dB
20 log p1/p2 = 20 log 2 = 20×0.3 = 6
but energy increases with 3 dB
10 log e1/e2 = 10 log 2 = 10×0.3 = 3
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Question
When two students talk synchroneously with a sound intensity of 60 dB SPL each, what do they produce together ?
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Answer
When two students talk synchroneously with a sound intensity of 60 dB SPL each, they produce together 66 dB total
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Question
What is the total sound intensity in a room with- A radio 70 dB SPL- Two students speaking asynchronous, each 60 dBSPL- one plane flying over with 80 dB SPL perceived in the room
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Question
What is the total sound intensity in a room with- A radio 70 dB SPL- Two students speaking asynchronous, each 60 dBSPL- one plane with 80 dB SPL
First transfer into energies, then sum and transfer in dB again.Result = 80.1 dB
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sound intensity decreases with r²
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Normal hearing threshold 1000Hz 0 dB SPL
Falling leaves 10 dB SPL
Whispering 20 dB SPL
Very soft talking in a room 40 dB SPL
Normal speact 1at 1 m 60 dB SPL
Loud conservation with shouting 80 dB SPL
Pneumatic hammer 100 dB SPL
Disco 110 dB SPL
Very loud sound speaker 120 dB SPL
Starting airplane at 20 m. 130 à 140 dB SPL
Pain threshold 130 à 140 dB SPL
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resonance and impedance
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auditory canal = open pipe
(1, 3, 5 enz.) x ¼
27 mm = ¼
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(1, 3, 5 enz.) x ¼
27 mm = ¼
= 108 mm f = 3100 Hz
gehoorgang = open orgelpijp
resonantiegebied = 2000- 5000 Hz
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transition air - liquid
acoustic impedance Z = p / u (in Rayleigh like Ohm)
p: pressure neededu: velocity
impedance endolympfe 56000impedance air = 410
factor 135: 97% reflection: therefore ossicles
resonance including ossicular chain: 1000 Hz
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impedance
1. resistence: frequency independent transfer sound energy in heat
2. stifness= elasticity that decreases with frequency
3. inertia increases with frequency
compliance (in ml) = 1 / impedance
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Hefboomwerking Middenoor
17x
1.3x 2x
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17x1.3x2=44.2 pressure gain
10 log(44.22) = 33 dB theoretical gain
measured: ≤ 30 dB
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function inner ear
- mechanical-electricial transition by the inner hair cells
- frequency analysis by macromechanics of the basilar membrane
- increasing sensitivity by micro-mechanics by the outer hair cells
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Cochlear model
Ovale venster
Ronde venster
Helicotrema (verbindingScala vestibuli en Scalatympani)
http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/start.htm
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- mechanical-electricial transition by the inner hair cells tip link – Hudspeth spring model
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- increasing sensitivity by micro-mechanics by the outer hair cells: the cochlear amplifier
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- deflecion towards kinociulim decreases receptor potential results in: mechanical deformation of the cortical latticeleading to a shortening in cell body length and increase in diameter
moving the basilary membrane further away from the kinocilium
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Mechanics outer hair cells + membrane: second resonator and cochlear amplifier
Animation : http://cc.usu.edu/~dgsinex/courses/SHS311_notes/2-ear/corti.htm
Efferent innervation: function selective hearing
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Micro mechanics adds energy to the tranverse wave