So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

n

PresentsPresents

Sonomicrometry: basic principlesSonomicrometry: basic principles

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nBasic Principles

Theory of OperationTheory of Operation– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal– Types of crystals available Types of crystals available – Signals: direction and functionSignals: direction and function– Calculation of distanceCalculation of distance

Sample Application – Ventricular VolumeSample Application – Ventricular Volume– Crystal placementCrystal placement– Representative dataRepresentative data

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

n

Epoxy covers the head

Theory of Operation

– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal

Wire : copperHead Head diameter:diameter:

- 2mm- 2mm

- 1mm- 1mm

- 0.7 mm- 0.7 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal

Epoxy covers the head

Wire : Stainlesssteel

Head Head diameter:diameter:

- 2mm- 2mm

- 1mm- 1mm

- 0.7 mm- 0.7 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal

Epoxy covers the head

Wire covered by Silastic tubing for chronic studies

Epoxy covers the head

Head Head diameter:diameter:

- 2mm- 2mm

- 1mm- 1mm

- 0.7 mm- 0.7 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

– Piezo electric transducers:Piezo electric transducers: Crystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signalCrystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signal

transmittertransmitter Receiver Receiver

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver Transmitter Transmitter

Crystal #2 sends a sound wave …Crystal #2 sends a sound wave …crystal #1 receives signalcrystal #1 receives signal

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Crystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signalCrystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signal

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

1 1 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 1.5 mmDistance = 1.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

2 2 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 3 mmDistance = 3 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

3 3 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 4.5 mmDistance = 4.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

4 4 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 6 mmDistance = 6 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

5 5 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 7.5 mmDistance = 7.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

6 6 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 9 mmDistance = 9 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

7 7 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 9.5 mmDistance = 9.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

8 8 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 11 mmDistance = 11 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

9 9 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 12.5 mm Distance = 12.5 mm mmmm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

10 10 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 14 mmDistance = 14 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

11 11 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 15.5 mmDistance = 15.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

12 12 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 17.5 mmDistance = 17.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter

– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T

v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec

12 12 secsec

Time of flightTime of flight

Distance = 17.5 mmDistance = 17.5 mm

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation

– Ultrasonic pulses propagate in Ultrasonic pulses propagate in all directionsall directions

11

22

33

44

55

66

– Ability to network with all others in arrayAbility to network with all others in array

– No crystal alignment requiredNo crystal alignment required

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segment shorteningsegment shortening

basebase

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wall thicknesswall thickness

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume

septalseptal

free wallfree wall

free wallfree wall

basebase

posteriorposterior

apexapex

anterioranterior

septumseptum

posteriorposterior

anterioranterior

RVRV LVLV

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

SegmentSegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

WallWall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

EDED

ESES

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume t Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

SegmentSegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

WallWall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

segmentsegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

wallwall thicknessthickness

basebase

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES

So

no

metrics C

orp

oratio

nSample Application – Ventricular

Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle

apexapex

SegmentSegment shorteningshortening

posteriorposterior anterioranterior

WallWall thicknessthickness

basebase

15151515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

1515

1010

TimeTime

VolumeVolume

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Distance Distance ((mmmm))

EDED

ESES