SOME TYPES OF POETRY THAT WE WILL

BE STUDYING

NARRATIVE POEMS Are longer and tell a story, with a

beginning, middle, and end. Are generally longer than the lyric styles of

poetry because the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.

Example: “The Legend” by Garrett Hongo

NARRATIVE POEMS in songs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00WCEbKM_SE

Identify the following– Description of scene– Characters– What happened– Important sensory

images– My thoughts and

feelings about the event

– Central message

“The Legend” page 552

Identify the following– Description of scene– Characters– What happened– Important sensory images– My thoughts and feelings about the event– Central message

Analyzing a narrative

Describe the poem’s setting by identifying the sensory details that describe it.

What images does Hongo use to help you feel as though you were an eyewitness to the setting, the characters, and the event?

How would you describe the poem’s tone? List some of the details and words the poet uses to

create the tone.

A song/narrative poem transmitted orally that tells a story

Focuses on one incident Begins in the midst of a crisis (in

medias res) Proceeds to the resolution with

little background information, character development, or descriptive detail

Ballads

Practice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85jKDa2zpus

Analyze the ballad using the following criteria:– Rhyme scheme used?– What was the

conversation or narrative?

– What were the plot details?

– What was the ending or resolution?

Practice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-1UqKjoet0

Analyze the ballad using the following criteria:– Rhyme scheme used?– What was the

conversation or narrative?

– What were the plot details?

– What was the ending or resolution?

Example: “Man in ‘hugging’ lion video reveals its secrets” Summary: A man and a lion met in Africa and hugged each other. The

man, Rendall, had bought the cub from Herrods in London when he visited after graduating from college. They raised the cub in a London apartment where they never restrained him, gave him the whole basement to play in, and allowed him to ride in the backseat of their Bentley. For exercise, they played soccer with him in a large, walled-in garden.

After a year, the lion became too big to live with them, so they moved him to an animal sanctuary in Kenya.

A year after their separation, Rendall went back to visit the lion, Christian, and it approached, slowly at first, and then with great speed, leapt up, and hugged his long-time friend.

Example: “Man’s New Best Friend”

Ballad:It happened in Kenya one sunny day,

A man and his friend met in an unusual way.

A lion came up to the man in the field,

But claws and fangs he did not yield.

The lion was a long-lost friend,

Whose undying affection could not end.

The man had raised him as a cub,

And the result was their undying love.

The lion grew big as lions do,

So the man had to make himself say “adieu”

To an animal sanctuary they went,

And with a heavy heart, Rendall left.

But true friendship can never end

And the lion and man were life-long friends.

When Rendall went back to check on his cub,

He was greeted with an unusual hug.

FIGURATIVELANGUAGE

SIMILE Comparison of two unlike things using “like”

or “as”

Friends are like chocolate cake, you can never have too many.Chocolate cake is like heaven -

always amazing you with each taste or feeling.Chocolate cake is like life

with so many different pieces.Chocolate cake is like happiness,

you can never get enough of it.

- “Chocolate Cake” by Anonymous

EXTENDED SIMILE

Continues for several lines or possibly the entire length of a work.

Life is like a river. It starts off young and full of energy

like a babbling brook. In the end it snakes lazily and slowly

along like the mighty Mississippi until eventually, like emptying into the sea,

our body once again becomes one with nature.

“The River of Life” by Heather Newbury

METAPHOR Comparison of two unlike things where one

word is used to designate the other (one is the other)

A spider is a black dark midnight sky.Its web is a Ferris wheel.

It has a fat moon body and legs of dangling string.Its eyes are like little match ends.

- “Spider” by Anonymous

EXTENDED METAPHOR

Continues for several lines or possibly the entire length of a work

The fog comeson little cat feet.It sits looking

over the harbor and cityon silent haunches

and then, moves on.

- “Fog” by Carl Sandburg

PERSONIFICATION A non-living or non-human thing given

human, life-like qualities

Hey diddle, Diddle,The cat and the fiddle,

The cow jumped over the moon;The little dog laughed

To see such sport,And the dish ran away with the spoon.

-from “The Cat & the Fiddle” by Mother Goose

In your groups, identify the following…

Literary Element Your poem’s title _________________________

Speaker

Person addressed

Similes

Metaphors

Personification

Central message

Speaker’s tone (feelings)

LYRICAL POEMS Short poem (only a few lines, 1-2 stanzas) Usually written in first person point of view Expresses an emotion or an idea, or

describes a scene Does not tell a story and are often musical Many of the poems we read will be lyrical

IMAGERY Language that provides a sensory experience

using sight, sound, smell, touch, taste

Soft upon my eyelashesTurning my cheeks to pink

Softly falling, fallingNot a sound in the air

Delicately designed in snowFading away at my touch

Leaving only a glistening dropAnd its memory

- “Crystal Cascades” by Mary Fumento

HYPERBOLE An intentional exaggeration or

overstatement, often used for emphasis

Here once the embattled farmers stoodAnd fired the shot heard round the world

-from "The Concord Hymn" by Ralph Waldo Emerson

LITOTE Intentional understatement, used for humor or irony

(Example- naming a slow moving person “Speedy”)

Lyrical poem example:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iK9PLdVXK4

HAPPINESS

SONNETS

A very structured form of lyrical poetry.The poets known for popularizing the

sonnet wereShakespeare (an English poet)Petrarch (an Italian poet)

Sonnet Form

A sonnet has 14 lines. A sonnet must be written in iambic pentameter A sonnet must follow a specific rhyme scheme,

depending on the type of sonnet. A sonnet can be about any subject, though they are

often about love or nature. A sonnet introduces a problem or question in the

beginning, and a resolution is offered after the turn.

Iambic Pentameter

A line of Iambic Pentameter is a line with ten beats.

An “Iamb” is two beats, or one “foot.”“Penta” is five (line has five “feet”).“Meter” is the rhythm of the poem.A “foot” is made of an unstressed syllable

and a stressed syllable (in that order).

English Sonnet

An English Sonnet is also called a Shakespearean Sonnet.

It includes three quatrains (groups of four lines) and a couplet (two lines).

The rhyme scheme is always abab cdcd efef gg.

The turn is either after eight lines or ten lines.

Italian Sonnet

An Italian Sonnet is also called a Petrarchan Sonnet.

It includes an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines).

The rhyme scheme must begin with abbaabba, and can conclude with any variation of c, d, and e (cdecde, cdcdee, etc.).

The turn must occur between the octave and the sestet.

“Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day”Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer's lease hath all too short a date.

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimmed;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed;

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,

Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,

When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st.

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Sonnet Analysis:

Stanza Analysis

Quatrain 1: Main point:

Quatrain 2: Main point:

Quatrain 3: Main point:

Couplet: Summation:

Sonnet Analysis:

Stanza Analysis

Quatrain 1: Main point: The speaker says the object of his affection is more beautiful than a summer’s day.

Quatrain 2: Main point: Ordinary beauty fades, but the speaker’s love’s beauty will not fade.

Quatrain 3: Main point: Death will never claim his love or his love’s beauty.

Couplet: Summation: He has captured his love’s beauty in the poem, and so it will live on forever.

How does the speaker reject his own question in line 2?

How does the speaker reject his own question in line 2?The speaker says that the object of his love is more beautiful than a summer’s day, so it isn’t a fair comparison.

Explain the metaphor and personification in lines 5-8.

Explain the metaphor and personification in lines 5-8.The speaker is saying his love’s beauty is nature and heaven’s beauty. He gives heaven a face by describing its eyes and complexion.

What do lines 7-8 say can happen to any kind of beauty?

What do lines 7-8 say can happen to any kind of beauty?The speaker says all beauty fades.

A paradox is a statement that seems self-contradictory, but is true. How is the final couplet a paradox?

A paradox is a statement that seems self-contradictory, but is true. How is the final couplet a paradox?

The speaker says the object of his love’s beauty will live after s/he dies. He has captured his love’s beauty in the poem, and as long as his poem exists, so will his love’s beauty.

Write a Shakespearean sonnet in response to Shakespeare’s “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day”

• Choose your tone• Use an ABABCDCDEFEFGG rhyme

scheme• Keep all lines in iambic pentameter (10

syllables)

Example“Shall I Compare Thee to a Winter’s Day”

Shall I compare thee to a winter’s day?

Thou are as cold and bleak as fallen snow.

How disgusted I am, I cannot say.

If you ask me out, my answer is no.

Your poem was too much; it creeps me out.

Who puts their love into a sonnet form?

“A Summer’s Day”? What is that all about?

Write a poem to me? That is not norm.

If you want to talk, you just had to ask.

I thought that I liked you before all this.

But to date a poet is quite a task,

And a poet is not someone I’d kiss.

Please lose my number; I do not like you,

The sonnet you wrote made me feel like poo.

Example“I am just not that into you right now”

I am just not that into you right now,

But if you want to date later, that’s fine.

Perhaps one day, you won’t smell like a cow,

But for today you have crosséd the line.

Your poem made me not want to date you,

An attraction for you, I do not own.

To my word, I shall stick, for this is true:

But for now, you will stay in the friend zone.

I am not quite ready for commitment

Your sonnet could have been a lot better,

It has only spawned a pure resentment.

I don’t know if to you I could fetter.

April Fools! You really aren’t such a tool.

Just kidding, you remind me of my stool.

Sonnet Format

A

B

A

B

C

D

C

D

E

F

E

F

G

G

ODES

A traditional ode is a long lyric poem about a serious subject, written in a dignified style.

These were often sung in ancient Greece to celebrate an Olympic triumph.

MODERN ODES

From 1954 to 1959, the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda published four volumes of odes to such unconventional objects and experiences as soap, onions, love, summer, the color green, French fries, corn, bees—and a pair of socks using effective similes, metaphors, extended similes, and extended metaphors.

MODERN ODE EXAMPLE:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1FGaCNN1aw

Identify what similes and metaphors exist in this ode.

Read “Ode to My Socks”

Pages 578-579

Complete the chart below:

Literary Term: Example:

Similes

Extended Similes

Metaphors

Extended Metaphors

YOUR TURN!!!

Ode to My _______________________

How it looks:Use a minimum of four similes or metaphors

What it resembles:Use a minimum of four similes or metaphors

How it makes me feel:Use a minimum of four similes or metaphors

Write an ode to an object you see every day. Start by observing the object closely and making some notes about how it looks, what it resembles, and how it makes you feel. What tone will you give your ode?