EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM

PROCEEDINGS

14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011HALİÇ CONGRESS CENTER

ISTANBUL / TURKEY

www.eurasiasymposium.com

CommitteesHonorary CommitteeProf. Dr. Veysel Eroğlu Minister of Forest and Water Affairs, TurkeyErdoğan Bayraktar Minister of Environment and Urbanization, TurkeyProf. Dr. Adem Baştürk Member of the 22th Legislative Term of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, General Secretary of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, TurkeyProf. Dr. Mustafa Öztürk Member of the 23th Legislative Term of the Grand National Assembly of TurkeyProf. Dr. Lütfi Akça Undersecretary of the Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, TurkeySedat Kadıoğlu Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, TurkeyProf. Dr. İsmail Yüksek Rector of Yıldız Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Cumali Kınacı Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, General Manager of the Water Management DivisionProf. Dr. Ahmet Demir General Director of Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration ISKI, TurkeyRecep Şahin Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Manager of Environmental Management Division, TurkeyProf. Dr. Hayrullah Ağaçcıoğlu Dean of Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical UniversityProf. Dr. Ferruh Ertürk Head of Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical UniversityProf. Dr. Mehmet Emin Birpınar Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Directorate of Istanbul City, Turkey

Scientific CommitteeProf. Dr. Fabrizio Adani The University of Milan, ItalyProf. Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydın Selcuk University, TurkeyProf. Dr. María Pilar Bernal CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, SpainProf. Dr. Erwin Binner University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AustriaProf. Dr. Mehmet Borat Fatih University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Alessandra Carucci The University of Cagliari, ItalyProf. Dr. Raffaello Cossu University of Padoa, ItalyProf. Dr. Luis F. Diaz CalRecovery, Inc., USAProf. Dr. Ayşen Erdinçler Bogazici University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Ayşe Filibeli Dokuz Eylül University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos Technical University of Crete, GreeceProf. Dr. M. Talha Gönüllü Yildiz Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun Chungnam National University, KoreaProf. Dr. Somjai Karnchanawong Chiang Mai University, ThailandProf. Dr. Gabriel R. Kassenga Ardhi University, TanzaniaProf. Dr. Bülent Keskinler Gebze Institute of Technology, TurkeyProf. Dr. Günay Kocasoy Bogazici University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Peter Lechner University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AustriaProf. Dr. Piet N.L. Lens UNESCO-IHE Institute For Water Education, NetherlandsProf. Dr. Pier Paolo Manca The University of Cagliari, ItalyProf. Dr. İzzet Öztürk Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski Lublin University of Technology, PolandProf. Dr. Raffaella Pomi Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyProf. Dr. Marco Ritzkowski Technical University of Hamburg, GermanyProf. Dr. Ahmet Mete Saatçi Marmara University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Takayuki Shimaoka Kyushu University, JapanProf. Dr. Edward Stentiford The University of Leeds, United KingdomProf. Dr. Yücel Taşdemir Uludag University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Bülent Topkaya Akdeniz University, TurkeyProf. Dr. İsmail Toroz Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend University of Florida, USAProf. Dr. Kahraman Ünlü Middle East Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Samuel T.S. Yuen University of Melbourne, Australia

Organizing CommitteeM. Sinan Bilgili Yildiz Technical UniversityEyüp Debik Yildiz Technical UniversityŞenol Yıldız ISTAC J.S.Co.Yaşar Avşar Yildiz Technical UniversityKamil B. Varınca Yildiz Technical UniversityGamze Varank Yildiz Technical University

Organized By

Sponsored By

Media Sponsor

Official Travel Agency

EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011

HALİÇ CONGRESS CENTERISTANBUL / TURKEY

www.eurasiasymposium.com

Preface

PREFACE

On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to welcome to all participants and speakers to the EurAsia Waste Management Symposium (EWMS) 2011. This Symposium is organized by Environmental Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University.

Environmental Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University organizes conferences biennially since 2007. The first two conferences were organized as

National Symposiums with the name “Waste Management in Turkey Symposium (TURKAY) ” in 2007 and 2009, respectively. The Symposium is organized as an international Symposium in 2011 which is the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Yildiz Technical University.

EurAsia Waste Management Symposium will provide a comprehensive overview of effective waste management strategies across the Asian and the European regions. Also, the symposium will provide the opportunity to discuss and evaluate the current and future regional waste management strategies and recycling projects. All parties of waste management such as universities, industrial organizations, public institutions and organizations, local governments and legislators are welcome to attend to the symposium in order to share their experiences and to bring a common body of knowledge for the solution of the waste management problems in the region. The topics of the symposium will include almost all areas of waste management including legislation, collection, transport, treatment, recycle and reuse options for municipal, hazardous, medical, and other waste types.

We received around 210 abstracts from more than 30 countries and 134 of them were accepted as oral and poster presentations after a review process by the scientific committee. Now, we have 5 keynote speakers, 74 oral presentations and 60 poster presentations.

It is my pleasure to thank to supporting organizations, Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI), ISTAC J.S. Co., Istanbul Special Provincial Administration, International Waste Working Group (IWWG) and ISWA-Turkey (Turkish National Committee on Solid Waste). We have also 10 sponsor companies and I would like to thank to all sponsor companies attended to the Symposium. I would like to thank to all scientific committee members for their contribution during reviewing process of the papers.

I would also like to respectfully commemorate Prof. Dr. Ferruh ERTURK, Head of the Environmental Engineering Department, who died during the course of the Symposium.

Finally, I would like to thank to all organizing committee members of EurAsia Waste Management Symposium who made this Symposium successful.

I wish all participants to have a wonderful time in Istanbul and hope to see you again in Waste Management Symposium -2013.

Sincerely,

Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Sinan Bilgili Organizing Committee Chair Yildiz Technical University

14.11.2011 MONDAY

SADABAD HALL

Opening Program

08:30 Registration

Opening Ceramony

09:30

09:40

09:50 Opening Speeches

10:30 Coffee Break

Opening Panel : Waste management Legislations in Turkey and Europe

10:40

11:20

12:00

12:40 Lunch

EYÜP HALL FENER HALL

Session 1 : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal Session 1 : Hazardous Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Christensen, Denmark Session Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Talha Gonullu, Turkey

14:00

14:00

14:20

14:40 14:40

15:00 15:00

15:20 15:20

15:40 Coffee Break 15:40 Coffee Break

Session 2 : Waste Management Legislations Session 2 : Landfilling

Session Chair: Dr. Senol Yildiz, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend, U.S.A.

15:50

15:50

16:10

16:30 16:30

16:50 16:50

Prof. Dr. Hayrullah AğaçcıoğluDean of Civil Engineering Faculty

Prof. Dr. İsmail YüksekRector of Yıldız Technical University

Waste Management in Istanbul Dr. Cevat Yaman, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality

Future Trends in Waste Management Strategies in IstanbulDr. Senol Yildiz, ISTAC J.S.Co.

Development of Waste Management Legislations in TurkeyDr. Mahir Erdem, The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization

Optimizing Farmyard Manure for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhanced Phenology in Wheat under a Range of Ploughing IntensityA. Khan, S. Zaheer Keynote Lecture: The Role of Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous, Industrial,

and Special WastesTimothy G. TownsendComposting of Cattle Manure: Effects of Pre-Dewatering

M.S. Binici, E. Mehmetli, C. Tosun, A. Baban, B. Calli

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Tea Compost and Rock Phosphate on P Content, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn and P & pH of SoilH.R. Doroudian, A. Alahverdi

Hazardous Waste Generation from Household Appliances Industry in TurkeyB. Yazici, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, D. Akgul, U. Yetis

Management of Anaerobic Digestates by Co-composting with Different Bulking AgentsM.A. Bustamante, R. Moral, F. Solé-Mauri, A. Bonmatí, J.A. Solans, M.P Bernal

Kinetics of Heavy Metals Leaching From Contaminated Soils in Metallurgical PlantsP. Desogus, P.P. Manca, G. Orrù

Stabilization of Cattle Manure with Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Pilot Scale StudyT. Coskun, N. Manav Demir, E. Debik

Effect on Behavior of Settling Velocity by Addition of Coagulants and Flocculants in Wastewater from Barite Processing PlantV. Deniz

Keynote Lecture: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Modeling of Alternative Waste Management ScenariosT.H. Christensen, J. Clavreul, J. Møller

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal in Russian Federation: Ways for More Intense Use of Landfills SitesN. Sliusar, V. Korotaev

Approaches on the Prevention of Environmental Damages by Means of Plantıng Around Solid Waste Landfill AreasU. Cosgun

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Alternatives Using Life Cycle Assessment As A ToolS. Cil, M.O. Polat, N. Bektas

Reclamation of Dumpsite Towards Controlled Landfill Cell A Pilot Project at Cikundul Dumpsites in Sukabumi City S. Darwati, L. Meilany

Financial Model Proposal Based on Household Income for Municipal Solid Waste ManagementM.C. Erturk, E. Gorgun, E. Citil

Spontaneous Combustion Fires in MSW Landfills: Energy ConsiderationS. Moqbel , D. Reinhart , R.-H. Chen

15.11.2011 TUESDAY

EYÜP HALL FENER HALL

09:00 - 17:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Session 3 : Landfilling Session 3 : Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Session Chair: Asooc. Prof. Dr. Osman A. Arikan, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Izzet Ozturk, Turkey

09:00

09:00

09:20

09:40 09:40

10:00 10:00

10:20 Coffee Break 10:20 Coffee Break

Session 4 : Solid Waste Collection and Transport Session 4 : Thermal Technologies for Waste Disposal

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Raffaella Pomi, Italy Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Maria Pilar Bernal, Spain

10:30 10:30

10:50 10:50

11:10 11:10

11:30 11:30

11:50 Cultural Tour + Lunch (Miniaturk Turkey Park)

Session 5 : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal Session 5 : Industrial Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Borat, Turkey Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cakmakci, Turkey

15:00

15:00

15:20

15:40 15:40

16:00 16:00

16:20 16:20

16:40 Coffee Break 16:40 Coffee Break

Session 6 : Landfilling Session 6 : Industrial Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski, Poland Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yasar Avsar, Turkey

16:50 16:50

17:10 17:10

17:30 17:30

17:50 17:50

18:10 18:10

Keynote Lecture:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Activity in Landfill Sites of Developing CountriesJ.-H. Hyun

Electroosmotic Dewatering of Red MudM. Cigagna, B. Grosso, C. Levanti

Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: the Co-Composting with OFMSW as Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli

Sampling Frequency and Remedial Action Delay of Groundwater Contamination from Landfill FacilitiesE.K. Paleologos, K Papapetridis

The Usage of Sewage Sludge in Cement Kiln as Supplementary Fuel M.Kara, Y.Tabak, S.Yildiz, V. Enc, A.Kemirtlek

Landfills Assessments by Qualitative Reasoning Using Equationless KnowledgeM. Reznakova, M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova

Heavy Metals Released from Sewage Sludge Using Chemical MethodsF.H. Ibrahim

Cost-Gain Model in Municipal Solid Waste Management -Example of IstanbulA.E. Yildirim, S. Yildiz, V. Enc

HeidelbergCement-Akcansa: Advanced Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge in Marmara RegionJ. Theulen, E. Hepvar

Household Solid Waste Management and Characterization in Tetouan City, MoroccoY. El Belhouan, M. Stitou

Thermal Decomposition of Coal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani LigniteJ. Nisar

Evaluating People’s Attitude and Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study in India and QatarS. Khan, M.N .Faisal, I.H.Farooqi

Modelling of a Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Agricultural ResiduesI.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkouletsos A. Karagiannidis, G. Perkoulidis

Determination of Household Packaging Waste Amounts in IstanbulS. Yildiz, V. Enc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan

On the Application of MSWI Bottom Ash as Aggregate-Replacement in Concrete MixesM.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, H.J.H. Brouwers

R&D Studies of Biogas Production via Different Organic WastesK.S. Yigit, M. Gunduz, G. Serit, M. Farah, M. Sarac

Keynote Lecture: Industrial Waste Management: Controversial IssuesE. GidarakosPreliminary Studies on H

2 Production from Dark Fermentation of the Organic Fraction of

Municipal Wastes E. Massi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordano, I. Lepri, G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, A. Sprocati

Gasification of Primary Fine-Screened Solids for Energy ProductionP. Gikas, S.A. Noll, K. Stedman

European Research on Waste Technologies - an Analysis of FP7-Funded Topics, Projects and Networks on Life-Cycle Thinking, Reuse and RecyclingA. Martinuzzi, F. Montevecchi

The Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting PlantC. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y. Bayer

Characterization of Gas Distribution Companies Waste and Presenting Managing Strategies: A Case Study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, IranH. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl Hashemi

Methanogenesis of Agro-Industrial Waste for Bioenergy ProductionR. Tabassum

The Importance of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for Ecosystem ProtectionN. Cosgun

Slurry TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors Suitable for Leachate Treatments

M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova, M. Reznakova

Recycling of Industrial Waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quality Construction BlocksM.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim, S.S. Shaukat

Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi

Waste Reception from Ships, Treatment and Recovery of the Wastes: Istanbul ModelC. Yaman, B. Taskinoglu, Y. Isik, E. Fakihoglu, I. Tanugur

Estimation of Landfill Biogas Generation at Sanitary Landfills in IstanbulO.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas, O. Sevimoglu, I. Sel, I. Ozturk

Implementation of New Environmental Technology for Oil Industry, Kuçovë Region, AlbaniaB. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. Valko

Energy Recovery from Landfill Biogas: The Effect of Micro-pollutant on an Existing PlantF. Di Maria

Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated CarbonsE.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.E.Mericboyu

Determination and Modelling COD Fractions of Leachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale Landfill ReactorsE. Sekman, S. Top, G. Varank, M.S. Bilgili, A. Demir

Solidification/Stabilization of Electric Arc Furnace Waste Using Steel Slag and Portland CementB. Cubukcuoglu, S.K. Ouki

16.11.2011 WEDNESDAY

EYÜP HALL FENER HALL

Session 7: Industrial Waste Management Session 7 : Hospital Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Ismail Toroz, Turkey Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bestamin Ozkaya, Turkey

09:00

09:00

09:20

09:40 09:40

10:00 10:00

10:20 Coffee Break 10:20 Coffee Break

Session 8 : Waste Management Legislations Session 8 : Hazardous Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Bulent Topkaya, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun, Korea

10:30 10:30

10:50 10:50

11:10 11:10

11:30 11:30

11:50 Lunch 11:50 Lunch

Session 9 : Industrial Waste Management Session 9 : Industrial Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Yasar Nuhoglu, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos, Greece

14:00 14:00

14:20 14:20

14:40 14:40

15:00 15:00

15:20 15:20

15:40 Coffee Break 15:40 Coffee Break

SADABAD HALL

16:00 Final Decleration

16:30 Issuing Certificates

18:00 Gala Dinner (Yildiz Hisar Restaurant)

Keynote Lecture: A Role of Cement Industry in Sustainable Utilization of Municipal Solid WastesL. Pawlowski

An Analytic Network Process Approach for the Selection of Waste Management Contractors in Hamad Medical CorporationM.N. Faisal

Sustainable Medical Waste Management in Sakarya, TurkeyA. Celebi, A.S. Erses Yay

Investigation on the Possibilities for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in to Building Materials in TanzaniaM.M. Sabai, M.V.A. Florea, R.R. Mato, H.J.H. Brouwers, E.L.C. Egmond, J.J.N Lichtenberg

Lebanese Sterilization Network of Potentially Infectious Health Care Waste: Creation and Management SystemD. Salameh, O. Maamari, D. Obeid, R. Lteif, F. Moujaes, M. Asmar

Effect of Industrial Waste on Early Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) VierhK. Nazim, M. Ahmed, M.U. Khan, S.S. Shaukat

Don’t Mess Plastic Caps with the Household WasteS. Unver, M. Altinay, G. Emir

Presentation to Waste Management Legislation in Urban of UgandaT.D. Kasiiba , S.A. Abdulah

Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facility Design and Operations in TurkeyC. Avci, T. Yuksel, E.A. Berkay Urtkin

Waste Water Management Master Plan for the Megacity of Dhaka: Approach and ChallengesM.M. Hossain, S.M.M. Rahman, I.A. Taher

Investigation of Hazardous Waste Generation By Turkish Automotive IndustryB. Yazici, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, D. Akgul, U. Yetis

Waste Minimisation and the Challenges Experienced in South AfricaE. Prosper

Screening of Boron Tolerant Bacteria Isolated fom Fly Ash Dumping Site for Boron RemediationE.R. Chellaiah, K. Omine

Electrical and Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in TurkeyS. Sayar, G. Borucu, A.S. Erses Yay

Recycling of NiCd Batteries by Hydrometallurgical Process on Small ScaleT.I. Qureshi

Removal of Pesticide by Activated CarbonJ. Gulen, C. Cesmeli

The Role of Magnetite and Magnetite/Bentonite Composites for Adsorption of Pb+2 in Wastewater C. Poyraz, E. Atalay, Y. Kalpakli, I. Salt

Kinetics of Reactive Dyes Adsorption on the Waste Ashes from City Heating StationM. Smelcerovic, N. Djordjevic, D. Stojkovic, D. Djordjevic

Treatment for Removal of Sulfate from Gypsum Contaminated WastesP Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre , P.N. L. Lens

Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater with Procion Red MX-5B Reactive Dye using Pt/Ir ElectrodesS. Alaca, B.K. Korbahti

Management and Issues of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in KoreaY.C. Jang, M. Kim

Studies on Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater Using Biological and Irradiation TechniquesS. Cheela, G. Swaminathan

Use of Okra Waste to Remove Arsenic from Industrial Wastewater: An Environmental Friendly Remediation TechnologyS. Memon, M.I. Khaskheli, M.Y. Khuhawar

Effect of Sonication on Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Orange IIM. Dukkanci, G. Gunduz, E. Bolova

Combining Easy-Care and Flame Retardant Finishing for CottonF. Uddin

POSTER PRESENTATIONS (FOYER AREA)

P1 P31

P2 P32

P3 P33

P4 P34

P5 P35

P6 P36

P7 P37

P8 P38

P9 P39

P10 P40

P11 P41

P12 P42

P13 P43

P14 P44

P15 P45

P16 P46

P17 P47

P18 P48

P19 P49

P20 P50

P21 P51

P22 P52

P23 P53

P24 P54

P25 P55

P26 P56

P27 P57

P28 P58

P29 P59

P30 P60

Solidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy MetalsK.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu

Municipal Solid Wastes and Groundwater PollutionS. Ocak, S. Orcen

Combined Effect of Water Contamination with Cobalt and Nickel on Metabolism of Albino (Wistar) RatsZ. Kechrid , F. Dahdouh

Microbial Decolorization of Commonly Used Azo Dyes in Textile IndustryM. Arshad, M. Imran, R. Waqas, A. Khalid

SOS Chromotest Methodology and CIF Values for the Golden HornE. Kocak, M.T. Gonullu

Usage of CMC Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Removal of Basic Dyes from WastewaterA. Bal, B. Ozkahraman, I. Acar, S. Emik

The Use of Solar Energy in a Low-Cost Drying System for Solid Waste Management: Concept, Design and Performance AnalysisM.A. Tony, A.M. Tayeb

Waste Sludge Disposal B. Guler, M.S. Guney

E-Waste Management Challenges in Iran and Presenting Some Strategies for Improving of Current ConditionH. Taghipour, P. Norouz, J. Nazari, A. Asl Hashemi, M. Mosaferi

Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: The Co-Composting with OFMSW As Possible SolutionF. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli

Investigation of the Gaseous Products from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass SpeciesH. Haykiri-Acma, F. Cakıroglu, S. Yaman

Waste Plastic Degradation By Chemical Recycling MethodA. Koc, D.P. Cogur , E. Kasimoglu

Solidification/Stabilization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Which Contains ArsenicMilena Dalmacija , Božo Dalmacija, Dejan Krčmar, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Sofija Poguberović, Jasmina Agbaba

Hydrogeological Monitoring of the Prague – Dablice Landfill E. Vodickova, J. Stefecka, T. Sverak

Operational Parameters Effects on the Treatment of an Oily Wastewater by Electrochemical ProcessK. Bensadok, N. Gousmi, N. El-Hanafi

Fouling of Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Recovery of Leachate CompoundsS. Yazici, F. Ilhan, H. Sari, Y. Aydin, K. Ulucan, U. Kurt

Optimization of Model Parameters of Methane Emission at Istanbul Odayeri Landfill by Genetic AlgorithmH.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, E. Bilgili, O.N. Ucan, C. Bayat

Characterization for Proper Management of Used Automotive OilsV. Pelitli, O. Dogan, E. Erpek, H.J. Koroglu

Recovery of Nickel from NiO/Al2O3 Reforming CatalystS. Djerad, N. Habbache, L. Tifouti

Recyclable Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Studies for the Campuses of A UniversityO. Apaydin, M.T. Gonullu

The Situation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A General EvaluationE. Elmaslar Ozbas, A. Ongen, A. H. Dokmeci

Treatment of Bilge Water by Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process:Optimization with Response Surface MethodK.Ulucan, F.Ilhan, S.Cikaranoglu, S. Yazici, H.Sari, U.Kurt

Spectrophotometric Determination of Astrazon RED GTLN in Water and Filament Sample After Seperation and Preconcentration Via Cloud Point Extraction MethodA.T. Bisgin, I. Narin, M. Uçan

Landfill Leachate Treatment By Hydrodynamic Cavitation and OzoneM. Korniluk, J. Ozonek

Removal of Pestiside by PerliteJ. Gulen, O. Deler

Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Crosslinked PolymersZ. Boyunegmez, S. Kaya, F. Tumsek, M. Solener

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd(II) Ions Sorption on Mixed Sorbents Prepared from Olive Stone and Date Pit from Aqueous SolutionK. Louhab, N. Babakhoya, H. Aksas

Elimination of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Modified Orange Peels: Equilibrium and Adsorption IsothermsA. Khalfaoui, A.H. Meniai

Life Cycle Assessment As A Solution For Sustainable Environmental Algeria S. Tireche, A. Tairii

Bioremediation of 2, 4, 6 Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil Using In Vessel Composting MethodB. Gumuscu, T. Tekinay, D. Cekmecelioglu

Adsorption Kinetics of Lead Ions onto Activated CarbonsS.Mutlu, A.Ozyuguran, A.Ersoy Mericboyu

Survey on Energy Recovery Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Northwest of IranA. Mohammadi, M.M. Amin, A. Ebrahimi

Sensibility of Bio-methane Production to Kinetics Parameters Constants in Co-digestion ProcessK. Derbal, R. Hariche, M. Bencheikh-lehocine, A.H. Meniai

Performance Comparison of the Microwave Oven and Conventional Electrical Furnace in the Weight Reduction and Final Stabilization of the South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant's SludgesA. Ebrahimi, M.M. Amin, A.M, H.M. Attar

Effects of Heavy Metal Phytoextraction Amendments on Feacal Coliform Inactivation in Sewage SludgeG. Dede, S. Ozdemir, I. Yildirim

Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and VOCsS. Ocak

Purification of Waste Frying Oil For Biodiesel ProductionS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu, C. Kesgin

Refractory Fractions Contrary to Oxidative Degradation in Textile WastewaterU. Kurt, C. Dogan

The Potential and Usage Areas of Agricultural Grain Wastes of TurkeyS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu

Waste Management in Public Hospitals in RomaniaC.F. Buicu

Think..... Before Using It !!!S. Unver, F. Vardar, G. Emir

Research on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Levels of Healthcare Institutions in the Province of Trabzon Related With Medical Waste Bags and CupsO. Ucuncu, S. Doruk

Fly Ashes: Can They Be Reused?E. Marras, B. Grosso

In the Process of Harmonization to the EU, Packaging and Packaging Waste Management Regulation in Turkey and Its Application in Municipalities, The Case of the City of TrabzonS. Doruk, O. Ucuncu

Assimilation of Oxygen and Production of Carbon Dioxide in Aerobic LandfillR. Slezak, L. Krzystek, S. Ledakowicz

Training of Hospital Staff on Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Practices and Challenges in Implementing (HWM) in 10 Public and Private Sector Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, PakistanR. Kumar, E.A. Khan, J. Ahmed, M. Magan

Educational Status and Disposal of Plastic WastesR. Ponnusamy, S. Arumugam

Using Wet Air Oxidation/GAC Adsorption Coupled Process for Leachate TreatmentB. Karimi, M. H. Ehramposh, M. Mokhtari, A. Ebrahimi

Determination of Landfill Gas Production in Hamitler Landfill of Bursa City in TurkeyK.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu

Resource Recovery from Used Tires in Greece: A Field Survey, State-of-Art and Trends, Focusing on Sensitivity AnalysisT. Kasampalis, A. Karagiannidis, I.-S. Antonopoulos

A New Model in the Medical Waste ManagementK.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar

Application of Ion Exchange Substrate for Stabilization of Recultivated Layers of Dumping SitesM. Chomczynska

Variability of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Co-Digestion Process of Sewage Sludge and Landfill LeachateM. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz, M. Pawlowska

Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Depolymerization Intermediates of Waste PET as Alternative AdsorbentA. Bal, I. Acar, G.Guclu

Kinetic Modelling of Degradation of Contaminants in Landfill LeachateG. Varank, S. Top, E. Sekman, M.S. Bilgili. A. Demir

The Effects of Cheese Whey on Kura River, ArdahanF. Yangilar, S. Seker

Removal of Methane and Selected NMOCs from Landfill Gas – Field StudiesM. Pawlowska, M. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz

The Usage of Cereal Waste Products for Bleaching of OilS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu

Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment By Plain CoagulationF.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi

Solid Waste Disposal StrategyA. Gunay, T. Yaman, Y. Caglar, Y. Koc

Session 1-a : Biological Methods for Waste DisposalOptimizing Farmyard Manure for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhanced Phenology in Wheat under a Range of Ploughing IntensityA. Khan, S. Zaheer Composting of Cattle Manure: Effects of Pre-DewateringM.S. Binici, E. Mehmetli, C. Tosun, A. Baban, B. CalliEffect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Tea Compost and Rock Phosphate on P Content, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn and P & pH of SoilH.R. Doroudian, A. AlahverdiManagement of Anaerobic Digestates by Co-composting with Different Bulking AgentsM.A. Bustamante, R. Moral, F. Solé-Mauri, A. Bonmatí, J.A. Solans, M.P BernalStabilization of Cattle Manure with Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Pilot Scale StudyT. Coskun, N. Manav Demir, E. Debik

Session 1-b : Hazardous Waste ManagementKeynote Lecture: The Role of Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous, Industrial, and Special WastesT. G. TownsendHazardous Waste Generation from Household Appliances Industry in TurkeyB. Yazici, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, D. Akgul, U. YetisKinetics of Heavy Metals Leaching from Contaminated Soils in Metallurgical PlantsP. Desogus, P.P. Manca, G. OrrùEffect on Behavior of Settling Velocity by Addition of Coagulants and Flocculants in Wastewater from Barite Processing PlantV. Deniz

Session 2-a : Waste Management LegislationsKeynote Lecture: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Modeling of Alternative Waste Management ScenariosT.H. Christensen, J. Clavreul, J. MøllerEvaluation of Solid Waste Management Alternatives Using Life Cycle Assessment As A ToolS. Cil, M.O. Polat, N. BektasFinancial Model Proposal Based on Household Income for Municipal Solid Waste ManagementM.C. Erturk, E. Gorgun, E. Citil

Session 2-b : LandfillingMunicipal Solid Waste Disposal in Russian Federation: Ways for More Intense Use of Landfills SitesN. Sliusar, V. KorotaevApproaches on the Prevention of Environmental Damages by Means of Plantıng Around Solid Waste Landfill AreasU. CosgunReclamation of Dumpsite Towards Controlled Landfill Cell A Pilot Project at Cikundul Dumpsites in Sukabumi City S. Darwati, L. MeilanySpontaneous Combustion Fires in MSW Landfills: Energy ConsiderationS. Moqbel , D. Reinhart , R.-H. Chen

Session 3-a : LandfillingKeynote Lecture:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Activity in Landfill Sites of Developing CountriesJ.-H. HyunSampling Frequency and Remedial Action Delay of Groundwater Contamination from Landfill FacilitiesE.K. Paleologos, K PapapetridisLandfills Assessments by Qualitative Reasoning Using Equationless KnowledgeM. Reznakova, M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova

Session 3-b : Sludge Treatment and DisposalElectroosmotic Dewatering of Red MudM. Cigagna, B. Grosso, C. LevantiExperimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: the Co-Composting with OFMSW as Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. CirulliThe Usage of Sewage Sludge in Cement Kiln as Supplementary Fuel M.Kara, Y.Tabak, S.Yildiz, V. Enc, A.KemirtlekHeavy Metals Released from Sewage Sludge Using Chemical MethodsF.H. Ibrahim

Page1-402-8

9-18

19-25

26-33

34-40

41-7742-50

51-56

57-68

69-77

79-9778-84

85-89

90-97

98-13199-106

107-114

115-120

121-131

132-154133-138

139-146

147-154

155-183156-163

164-170

171-178

179-183

INDEX

Session 4-a : Solid Waste Collection and TransportCost-Gain Model in Municipal Solid Waste Management -Example of IstanbulA.E. Yildirim, S. Yildiz, V. EncHousehold Solid Waste Management and Characterization in Tetouan City, MoroccoY. El Belhouan, M. StitouEvaluating People’s Attitude and Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study in India and QatarS. Khan, M.N .Faisal, I.H.FarooqiDetermination of Household Packaging Waste Amounts in IstanbulS. Yildiz, V. Enc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan

Session 4-b : Thermal Technologies for Waste DisposalHeidelbergCement-Akcansa: Advanced Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge in Marmara RegionJ. Theulen, E. HepvarThermal Decomposition of Coal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani LigniteJ. NisarModelling of a Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Agricultural ResiduesI.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkouletsos A. Karagiannidis, G. PerkoulidisOn the Application of MSWI Bottom Ash as Aggregate-Replacement in Concrete MixesM.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, H.J.H. Brouwers

Session 5-a : Biological Methods for Waste DisposalR&D Studies of Biogas Production via Different Organic WastesK.S. Yigit, M. Gunduz, G. Serit, M. Farah, M. SaracPreliminary Studies on H2 Production from Dark Fermentation of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Wastes E. Massi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordano, I. Lepri, G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, A. SprocatiGasification of Primary Fine-Screened Solids for Energy ProductionP. Gikas, S.A. Noll, K. StedmanThe Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting PlantC. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y. BayerMethanogenesis of Agro-Industrial Waste for Bioenergy ProductionR. Tabassum

Session 5-b : Industrial Waste ManagementKeynote Lecture: Industrial Waste Management: Controversial IssuesE. GidarakosEuropean Research on Waste Technologies - an Analysis of FP7-Funded Topics, Projects and Networks on Life-Cycle Thinking, Reuse and RecyclingA. Martinuzzi, F. MontevecchiCharacterization of Gas Distribution Companies Waste and Presenting Managing Strategies: A Case Study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, IranH. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl HashemiThe Importance of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for Ecosystem ProtectionN. Cosgun

Session 6-a : LandfillingSlurry TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors Suitable for Leachate TreatmentsM. Dohnal, E. Vodickova, M. ReznakovaAl Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al SmadiEstimation of Landfill Biogas Generation at Sanitary Landfills in IstanbulO.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas, O. Sevimoglu, I. Sel, I. OzturkEnergy Recovery from Landfill Biogas: The Effect of Micro-pollutant on an Existing PlantF. Di MariaDetermination and Modelling COD Fractions of Leachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale Landfill ReactorsE. Sekman, S. Top, G. Varank, M.S. Bilgili, A. Demir

Session 6-b : Industrial Waste ManagementRecycling of Industrial Waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quality Construction BlocksM.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim, S.S. ShaukatWaste Reception from Ships, Treatment and Recovery of the Wastes: Istanbul ModelC. Yaman, B. Taskinoglu, Y. Isik, E. Fakihoglu, I. Tanugur Implementation of New Environmental Technology for Oil Industry, Kuçovë Region, AlbaniaB. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. ValkoLead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated CarbonsE.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.E.MericboyuSolidification/Stabilization of Electric Arc Furnace Waste Using Steel Slag and Portland CementB. Cubukcuoglu, S.K. Ouki

Page184-227185-199

200-206

207-218

219-227

228-259229-235

236-240

241-252

253-259

260-269261-267

268-276

277-283

284-288

289-296

297-324298-300

301-311

312-317

317-324

325-370326-331

332-350

351-357

358-364

365-370

371-409372-378

379-387

388-393

394-399

400-409

INDEX

Session 7-a: Industrial Waste ManagementKeynote Lecture: A Role of Cement Industry in Sustainable Utilization of Municipal Solid WastesL. PawlowskiInvestigation on the Possibilities for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in to Building Materials in TanzaniaM.M. Sabai, M.V.A. Florea, R.R. Mato, H.J.H. Brouwers, E.L.C. Egmond, J.J.N LichtenbergEffect of Industrial Waste on Early Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) VierhK. Nazim, M. Ahmed, M.U. Khan, S.S. Shaukat

Session 7-b : Hospital Waste ManagementAn Analytic Network Process Approach for the Selection of Waste Management Contractors in Hamad Medical CorporationM.N. FaisalSustainable Medical Waste Management in Sakarya, TurkeyA. Celebi, A.S. Erses YayLebanese Sterilization Network of Potentially Infectious Health Care Waste: Creation and Management SystemD. Salameh, O. Maamari, D. Obeid, R. Lteif, F. Moujaes, M. AsmarDon’t Mess Plastic Caps with the Household WasteS. Unver, M. Altinay, G. Emir

Session 8-a : Waste Management LegislationsPresentation to Waste Management Legislation in Urban of UgandaT.D. Kasiiba , S.A. AbdulahWaste Water Management Master Plan for the Megacity of Dhaka: Approach and ChallengesM.M. Hossain, S.M.M. Rahman, I.A. TaherWaste Minimisation and the Challenges Experienced in South AfricaE. ProsperElectrical and Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in TurkeyS. Sayar, G. Borucu, A.S. Erses Yay

Session 8-b : Hazardous Waste ManagementHazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facility Design and Operations in TurkeyC. Avci, T. Yuksel, E.A. Berkay UrtkinInvestigation of Hazardous Waste Generation By Turkish Automotive IndustryB. Yazici, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, D. Akgul, U. YetisScreening of Boron Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Fly Ash Dumping Site for Boron RemediationE.R. Chellaiah, K. OmineRecycling of NiCd Batteries by Hydrometallurgical Process on Small ScaleT.I. Qureshi

Session 9-a : Industrial Waste Management Removal of Pesticide by Activated CarbonJ. Gulen, C. CesmeliKinetics of Reactive Dyes Adsorption on the Waste Ashes from City Heating StationM. Smelcerovic, N. Djordjevic, D. Stojkovic, D. DjordjeElectrochemical Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater with Procion Red MX-5B Reactive Dye using Pt/Ir ElectrodesS. Alaca, B.K. KorbahtiStudies on Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater Using Biological and Irradiation TechniquesS. Cheela, G. SwaminathanEffect of Sonication on Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Orange IIM. Dukkanci, G. Gunduz, E. Bolova

Session 9-b : Industrial Waste Management The Role of Magnetite and Magnetite/Bentonite Composites for Adsorption of Pb+2 in WastewaterC. Poyraz, E. Atalay, Y. Kalpakli, I. SaltTreatment for Removal of Sulfate from Gypsum Contaminated WastesP Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre , P.N. L. LensManagement and Issues of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in KoreaY.C. Jang, M. KimUse of Okra Waste to Remove Arsenic from Industrial Wastewater: An Environmental Friendly Remediation TechnologyS. Memon, M.I. Khaskheli, M.Y. KhuhawarCombining Easy-Care and Flame Retardant Finishing for CottonF. Uddin

Page 410-437411-417

418-422

423-436

437-462438-446

447-453

454-458

459-462

463-493464-472

473-481

482-487

488-493

494-526495-502

503-508

509-518

519-526

527-560528-532

533-539

540-544

545-552

553-560

561-600562-571

572-579

580-585

586-595

596-600

INDEX

POSTER PRESENTATIONSSolidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy MetalsK.B. Varinca, M.T. GonulluCombined Effect of Water Contamination with Cobalt and Nickel on Metabolism of Albino (Wistar) RatsZ. Kechrid , F. DahdouhSOS Chromotest Methodology and CIF Values for the Golden HornE. Kocak, M.T. GonulluThe Use of Solar Energy in a Low-Cost Drying System for Solid Waste Management: Concept, Design and Performance AnalysisM.A. Tony, A.M. TayebE-Waste Management Challenges in Iran and Presenting Some Strategies for Improving of Current ConditionH. Taghipour, P. Norouz, J. Nazari, A. Asl Hashemi, M. MosaferiInvestigation of the Gaseous Products from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass SpeciesH. Haykiri-Acma, F. Cakıroglu, S. YamanSolidification/Stabilization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Which Contains ArsenicMilena Dalmacija , Božo Dalmacija, Dejan Krčmar, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Sofija Poguberović, Jasmina AgbabOperational Parameters Effects on the Treatment of an Oily Wastewater by Electrochemical ProcessK. Bensadok, N. Gousmi, N. El-HanafiOptimization of Model Parameters of Methane Emission at Istanbul Odayeri Landfill by Genetic AlgorithmH.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, E. Bilgili, O.N. Ucan, C. BayatRecovery of Nickel from NiO/Al2O3 Reforming CatalystS. Djerad, N. Habbache, L. TifoutiThe Situation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A General EvaluationE. Elmaslar Ozbas, A. Ongen, A. H. DokmeciSpectrophotometric Determination of Astrazon RED GTLN in Water and Filament Sample After Seperation and Preconcentration Via Cloud Point Extraction MethodA.T. Bisgin, I. Narin, M. UçanRemoval of Pestiside by PerliteJ. Gulen, O. DelerKinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd(II) Ions Sorption on Mixed Sorbents Prepared from Olive Stone and Date Pit from Aqueous SolutionK. Louhab, N. Babakhoya, H. AksasLife Cycle Assessment As A Solution For Sustainable Environmental Algeria S. Tireche, A. TairiiAdsorption Kinetics of Lead Ions onto Activated CarbonsS.Mutlu, A.Ozyuguran, A.Ersoy MericboyuSensibility of Bio-methane Production to Kinetics Parameters Constants in Co-digestion ProcessK. Derbal, R. Hariche, M. Bencheikh-lehocine, A.H. MeniaiEffects of Heavy Metal Phytoextraction Amendments on Feacal Coliform Inactivation in Sewage SludgeG. Dede, S. Ozdemir, I. YildirimPurification of Waste Frying Oil For Biodiesel ProductionS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu, C. KesginThe Potential and Usage Areas of Agricultural Grain Wastes of TurkeyS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. TerziogluThink..... Before Using It !!!S. Unver, F. Vardar, G. EmirFly Ashes: Can They Be Reused?E. Marras, B. GrossoAssimilation of Oxygen and Production of Carbon Dioxide in Aerobic LandfillR. Slezak, L. Krzystek, S. LedakowiczEducational Status and Disposal of Plastic WastesR. Ponnusamy, S. ArumugamDetermination of Landfill Gas Production in Hamitler Landfill of Bursa City in TurkeyK.B. Varinca, M.T. GonulluA New Model in the Medical Waste ManagementK.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. AvsarVariability of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Co-Digestion Process of Sewage Sludge and Landfill LeachateM. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz, M. PawlowskaKinetic Modelling of Degradation of Contaminants in Landfill LeachateG. Varank, S. Top, E. Sekman, M.S. Bilgili. A. DemirRemoval of Methane and Selected NMOCs from Landfill Gas – Field StudiesM. Pawlowska, M. Lebiocka, A. MontusiewiczAl Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment By Plain CoagulationF.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi Municipal Solid Wastes and Groundwater PollutionS. Ocak, S. Orcen

Page603-606

607-611

612-618

619-623

624-631

632-637

638-643

644-649

650-657

658-663

664-666

667-674

675-679

680-687

688-692

693-699

700-704

705-707

708-713

714-720

721-723

724-733

734-740

741-749

750-757

758-766

767-772

773-778

779-784

785-799

800-803

INDEX

POSTER PRESENTATIONSMicrobial Decolorization of Commonly Used Azo Dyes in Textile IndustryM. Arshad, M. Imran, R. Waqas, A. KhalidUsage of CMC Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Removal of Basic Dyes from WastewaterA. Bal, B. Ozkahraman, I. Acar, S. EmikWaste Sludge Disposal B. Guler, M.S. GuneyExperimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: The Co-Composting with OFMSW As Possible SolutionF. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. CirulliWaste Plastic Degradation By Chemical Recycling MethodA. Koc, D.P. Cogur , E. KasimogluHydrogeological Monitoring of the Prague – Dablice Landfill E. Vodickova, J. Stefecka, T. SverakFouling of Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Recovery of Leachate CompoundsS. Yazici, F. Ilhan, H. Sari, Y. Aydin, K. Ulucan, U. KurtCharacterization for Proper Management of Used Automotive OilsV. Pelitli, O. Dogan, E. Erpek, H.J. KorogluRecyclable Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Studies for the Campuses of A UniversityO. Apaydin, M.T. GonulluTreatment of Bilge Water by Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process:Optimization with Response Surface MethodK.Ulucan, F.Ilhan, S.Cikaranoglu, S. Yazici, H.Sari, U.KurtLandfill Leachate Treatment By Hydrodynamic Cavitation and OzoneM. Korniluk, J. OzonekRemoval of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Crosslinked PolymersZ. Boyunegmez, S. Kaya, F. Tumsek, M. SolenerElimination of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Modified Orange Peels: Equilibrium and Adsorption IsothermsA. Khalfaoui, A.H. MeniaiBioremediation of 2, 4, 6 Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil Using In Vessel Composting MethodB. Gumuscu, T. Tekinay, D. CekmeceliogluSurvey on Energy Recovery Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Northwest of IranA. Mohammadi, M.M. Amin, A. EbrahimiPerformance Comparison of the Microwave Oven and Conventional Electrical Furnace in the Weight Reduction and Final Stabilization of the South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant’s SludgesA. Ebrahimi, M.M. Amin, A.M, H.M. AttarMunicipal Solid Waste Landfill and VOCsS. OcakRefractory Fractions Contrary to Oxidative Degradation in Textile WastewaterU. Kurt, C. DoganWaste Management in Public Hospitals in RomaniaC.F. BuicuResearch on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Levels of Healthcare Institutions in the Province of Trabzon Related With Medical Waste Bags and CupsO. Ucuncu, S. DorukIn the Process of Harmonization to the EU, Packaging and Packaging Waste Management Regulation in Turkey and Its Application in Municipalities, The Case of the City of TrabzonS. Doruk, O. UcuncuTraining of Hospital Staff on Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Practices and Challenges in Implementing (HWM) in 10 Public and Private Sector Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, PakistanR. Kumar, E.A. Khan, J. Ahmed, M. MaganUsing Wet Air Oxidation/GAC Adsorption Coupled Process for Leachate TreatmentB. Karimi, M. H. Ehramposh, M. Mokhtari, A. EbrahimiResource Recovery from Used Tires in Greece: A Field Survey, State-of-Art and Trends, Focusing on Sensitivity AnalysisT. Kasampalis, A. Karagiannidis, I.-S. AntonopoulosApplication of Ion Exchange Substrate for Stabilization of Recultivated Layers of Dumping SitesM. ChomczynskaRemoval of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Depolymerization Intermediates of Waste PET as Alternative AdsorbentA. Bal, I. Acar, G.GucluThe Effects of Cheese Whey on Kura River, ArdahanF. Yangilar, S. SekerThe Usage of Cereal Waste Products for Bleaching of OilS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. TerziogluSolid Waste Disposal StrategyA. Gunay, T. Yaman, Y. Caglar, Y. Koc

Page804-811

812-819

820-824

825-831

832-839

840-846

847-853

854-857

858-863

864-872

873-878

879-883

884-889

890-894

895-901

902-906

907-910

911-917

918-926

927-934

935-941

942-949

950-961

962-972

973-978

979-984

985-989

990-994

995-999

INDEX

603

Solidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy Metals

Kâmil B. Varinca1, M. Talha Gonullu2

Abstract

Stabilization is a pre-landfill waste treatment process, which has been used for different types of industrial wastes, but is particularly suited to those containing heavy metals. In this working, solidification/stabilization treatment sludge contains heavy metals of is investigated. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Test are performed on samples. Effect of different mixture ratios on solidification performance is produced.

Keywords: Heavy metals, solidification, stabilization, TCLP, treatment sludge, UCS

1. INTRODUCTION

Stabilization is a pre-landfill waste treatment process, which has been used for different types of industrial wastes, but is particularly suited to those containing heavy metals. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) process utilizes chemically reactive formulations that, together with the water and other components in sludges and other aqueous hazardous wastes, form stable solids. The material used for solidification/stabilization (S/S) not only solidifies the hazardous waste by chemical means but also insolublizes, immobilizes, encapsulates, destroys, sorbs, or otherwise interacts with selected waste components. The result of these interactions is solids that are non-hazardous or less hazardous than the original waste. The degree of effectiveness of these S/S products is defined basically by two parameters strength and the leach resistance [1, 2].

Methods used for studying effectiveness of S/S process are physical, chemical and microstructural. Researches has investigated range of wastes for which the proportions of cement, wastes, and fillers which consistently produce satisfactory product. Solidification may vary considerably with waste type, upon scaling up, and in cost. S/S of wastes has been examined in the laboratory .

Cement is most frequently used and widely studied binder. Solidification with cement is widely understood and simple, is easily available and results in a stable product [3]. In general other binders (sulphate resistant Portland cement (SRPC), white cement, kiln dust, lime, fly ash, pulverized fuel ash (PFA), silicates, etc.) partially replace Portland Cement, which can have a positive or negative effect on strength, setting time and hydration.

Strength test data often are used to provide a baseline comparison between unstabilized and stabilized wastes. Unstabilized waste materials generally do not exhibit good shear strength, however, if the waste is stabilized into cement like form, the strength characteristics can be expected to increase significantly [2, 4]. Minimum required unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for a stabilized/solidified material should be evaluated on the basis of the design loads. EPA considers a S/S material with strength of 0.35 MPa to have a satisfactory unconfined compressive strength. In UK acceptable 28-day strength is 0.7 MPa [5].

Cement contents varying from 5% to 20% are routinely used to solidify waste. Low cement content does not adequately coat individual waste particles, but still tends to result in set and rigidity of the waste form. Solidified materials are weak (strengths typically <1 MPa), and contain significantly less cementious

1 Corresponding author: Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220,

Esenler/İstanbul/Turkey kvarinca@yildiz.edu.tr 2 Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/İstanbul/Turkey gonul@yildiz.edu.tr

604

EurAsia Waste Management Symposium, 14-16 November 2011, Haliç Congress Center, İstanbul/Türkiye

materials and more water, than, for example, concrete. It is known that compressive strength is dependent on the quality of pore structure of the cement-based materials [6].

Solidified products are expected to harden over 2–5-day period. The effect of waste is studied by adding progressive quantities to cement. Solidified products are expected to harden over 2–5-day period. The effect of waste is studied by adding progressive quantities to cement. A severe strength loss could be observed at low waste additions for example introduction of Zn, Pb, Cd at 1% by weight do not effect strength development [7].

UCS decreases as water increases in most solidification recipes. It was found that the smaller the sludge to binder ratio, the better the physical and chemical properties of the solidified monoliths. This conclusion resulted from durability, unconfined compressive and TCLP testing [8]. Compressive strength depends on the quality of pore structure of the cement-based materials. This quality is moreover dependent on the kind and quantity of the constituent forming pore structure (cement hydration products and their reaction with admixtures).

The calcined product of the cement consists mainly of four mineral phases: alite (C3S), belite (C2S), aluminate (C3A), and ferrite (C4AF). Other phases are free lime (CaO) and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Alite and belite hydrate to CSH and portlandite. When lime and gypsum are present, aluminate hydrates into calcium aluminate hydrate (C4AH13) [9]. UCS decreases with increasing crystalline phases [10, 11]. The standard initial and final setting time reported for OPC should not be less than 45 min and more than 10 h, respectively [12].

2. EXPERIMENTAL Waste used in this study is a sludge from wastewater treatment plant of accumulator manufacturing factory . Metal concentrations of sludge content are shown in Table 1. All the samples were prepared by mixing the binder and the other components. For the preparation of the referred specimens, Portland Cement (CEMI 32.5 type) was used as binder. Mixture ratios are given in Table 2.

Table 1. Metal concentrations of sludge content

Content Concentration (mg/L)

Pb 615 Cd 0,073 Cr 12,68 Cu 5,0 Fe 300 Ni 2,81

Table 2. Waste ratios of samples

Sample No Waste Ratio (%)

1 0,0 2 1,7 3 3,3 4 5,0 5 10,0 6 25,0 7 50,0 8 75,0

605

Solidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy Metals K.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu

3. RES ULTS

3.1. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)

The prepared samples were cured for 28 days at 25 °C and their compressive strength was determined, according to the methods of the Turkish Standard TS EN196-1 [13]. The results are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Results of compressive strength

3.2. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure is a test method prepared by EPA (Method 1311). Summary of test is that for wastes containing greater than or equal to 0.5% solids, the liquid, if any, is separated from the solid phase and stored for later analysis; the particle size of the solid phase is reduced, if necessary. The solid phase is extracted with an amount of extraction fluid equal to 20 times the weight of the solid phase. The extraction fluid employed is a function of the alkalinity of the solid phase of the waste. A special extractor vessel is used when testing for volatile analytes. Following extraction, the liquid extract is separated from the solid phase by filtration through a 0.6 to 0.8 μm glass fiber filter [14]. Concentration of metals after TCLP are shown in Table 2.

Sample No Pb mg/L

Cd mg/L

Cr mg/L

Cu mg/L

Ni mg/L

1 (%0) 0,000000 0,000000 0,126940 0,000000 0,017784 2 (%1,7) 0,000021 0,000616 0,076352 0,000000 0,005397 3 (%3,3) 0,000632 0,000971 0,086799 0,000000 0,012270 4 (%5) 0,000985 0,000000 0,076989 0,002002 0,000000 5 (%10) 0,002851 0,000000 0,069763 0,035585 0,000000 6 (%25) 0,009110 0,000938 0,050162 0,292830 0,000000 7 (%50) 0,063273 0,001206 0,027181 0,702390 0,317980 8 (%75) 168,10000 0,047912 0,031688 3,770200 2,286100

4. CONCLUS ION In this study, solidification/stabilization treatment sludge contains heavy metals of is investigated. Treatment sludges are taken from a wastewater treatment plant of accumulator manufacturing factory. Cement used as a binder. Wastes are mixed with cement and water. Mixture is cured for 28 days. Then, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Test are performed on samples. Results show that solidification can be performed successfully for sludges contain

PÇ 32,5 Mukavemet Neticeleri

0

2

4

6

8

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Numune

Bas

ınç

daya

nım

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1. Deneme 2. Deneme 3. Deneme Ortalama

1. Deneme 8,7 8,4 7,4 9,1 5,9 4,5 2,4 0,1

2. Deneme 9,7 8,5 9,2 9,1 7,9 4,6 2,4 0,1

3. Deneme 10,0 10,2 9,9 8,3 7,8 3,9 2,5 0,3

Ortalama 9,4 9,1 8,8 8,8 7,2 4,3 2,4 0,2

0,0% 1,7% 3,3% 5,0% 10,0% 25,0% 50,0% 75,0%

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heavy metals. Mixture ratios should be selected as appropriate for the methods of disposal allowed by local legislations.

REFERENCES [1]. J.R. Conner, Chemical Fixation and Solidification of Hazardous Waste, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990. [2]. E. Barth, P. Percin, M. Arozarena, J. Zieleinswski, M. Dosani, H. Maxey, S. Hokanson, C. Pryately, T . Whipple, R.

Kravitz, M. Cullinane, L. Jones, P. Malone, Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Wastes, Noyes Data Corporation, New Jersey, USA, 1989.Bursa Metropolitan Municipality, 2009.

[3]. A. Roy, H.C. Eaton, F.K. Cartledge and M.E. T ittlebaum, Solidification/stabilization of heavy metal sludge by a Portland cement/fly ash binding mixture hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater., 8 (1991), pp. 33–39.

[4]. Stabilization/solidification of CERCLA and RCRA wastes: physical tests, chemical testing procedures, technology screening and field activities, EPA/625/6-89/022, May 1989.

[5]. C.D. Hills and S.J.T . Pollard, Influence of interferences effect on the mechanical, microstructural and fixation characteristics of cement-solidified hazardous waste forms. J. Hazard. Mater., 52 (1997), pp. 171–191.

[6]. V. Zivica, Hardening and properties of cement-based materials incorporating heavy metals oxides. Bull. Mater. Sci., 20 (1997), pp. 677–683.

[7]. A. Bobrowski, M. Gawlicki and J. Malolepszy, Analytical evaluation of immobilization of heavy metals in cement matrices. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31 (1997), pp. 745–749.

[8]. C.C.G. Yang, Durability study of a solidified mercury-containing sludge. J. Hazard. Mater., 34 (1993), pp. 217–223. [9]. J. Bensted, S.N. Ghosh, Editor, Advances in Cement Technology, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1983) p. 307. [10]. A. Roy, E.C. Harvill, F.K. Carteledge and M.E. Tittlebaum, The effect of sodium sulphate on

solidification/stabilization of synthetic electroplating sludge in cementious binders. J. Hazard. Mater., 30 (1992), pp. 297–316.

[11]. K.M. Alexander and C.E.S. Davis. Aust. J. Appl. Sci., 11 (1960), p. 1. [12]. J.H. Tay, Sludge ash as a filler for Portland cement concrete. J. Environ. Eng., 113 (1987), pp. 345–351. [13]. Turkish Standards Institution, TS EN 196-1 Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength. [14]. EPA Test Method 1311 3.2. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).

BIOGRAPHY Kamil B. VARINCA works as a research assistant at Yıldız Technical University Environmental Engineering Department.

Varınca received his BSc in Environmental Engineering in 2002 from İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey, and his MSc in Environmental Engineering in 2006 from Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey. He is still PhD student on Hazardous Waste Management at Yıldız Technical University Environmental Engineering Department.

Varınca is a member of Chamber of Environmental Engineers (CEE) and Turkish National Committee on Solid Wastes (TNCSW).

He may be contacted at kvarinca@yildiz.edu.tr or kvarinca@gmail.com.

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