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Solid Biomass CHP Plants–
The Austrian Success Storry
Workshop „Current Potentials for Biomass CHP in Europe“ 26. February 2003, Athens
Gerfried Jungmeier, Hannes Schwaiger JOANNEUM RESEARCHInstitute of Energy Research, Elisabethstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, [email protected]; Ph: +43 316 876 1313
Overview
Existing CHP plants steam turbine
Existing CHP plants organic Rankine cycle
Pilot plant Stirling Engine
Co-firing, co-gasification CHP plants
Conclusions
Existing CHP plant gas Turbine
Role of Bioenergy in Austria
Current Situation CHP Plant in Austria
Traditional: Biomass CHP application in Pulp & Paper Industry
NeusiedlerHalleinLenzingSAPPINettigsdorferFrantschachPöls
New: Biomass CHP in Wood Industry and Utilitiy Sector
~ 10 PJ
~ 6 PJ heat
~ 3 PJ power
Principle Scheme of Steam Cycle CHP Plant
flue gas
biomass
air
water
generator
heat consumption
steamturbine
condenser
tank for condense
pump for condense
boiler
watertreatment
feed waterpump
feed water tank
throttlecontrol
efficiency:ηel = 18-30%ηth = 40-50%
CHP Plant Reuthe (Steam Turbine)
Conventional steam technology
solid biomass (chips) 10 000 t/yr
6.3MW heat / 1.3MW el.
4.5 Mio. €
Characteristics CHP Plant Reuthe
Source: VKW (1995), VKW (1996)
muffle
grate
fuel oilpilot flame
glue
injection
steam: 10 t/h, 32 bar, 445°Cdistrict heat: 29 GWh/yr, 6.3 MW grid electricity: 4.7 GWh/yr, 1.3 MWbiomass: 10.000 t/yr (70% small fuelwood, 30% coarse fuelwood)investment: 22 Mio. €
Biomass Fuel Cycle Reuthe
Sourrce: VKW
System of Combined Heat & Power Plant with Organic Rankine Cycle
biomass
air
thermo-oil cycle
evaporationORC-cycle
turbine
generator
condenser
flue gasheat
consumption
Organic fluepump
Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
Scheme of Organic Rankine Cycle
1 regenerator 5 pump 9 district heat input2 condenser 6 preheater 10 thermo-oil input3 turbine 7 evaporator 11 thermo-oil output4 generator 8 district heat output Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
Energy Flow of Organic Rankine Cycle Module
thermal loses
electric loses
thermal efficiency
electric efficiency
heatthemooil
Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
CHP Plant Admont
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
solid biomass (chips)combustion +second thermo-oil cycle
2.7 MW heat / 500kW el
Electricity efficiency 18%
Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
CHP Plant Fussach
Organic RankineCycle (ORC)
solid biomass (chips)combustion +second thermo-oil cycle
5.8 MW heat / 1.1 MW el
Electricity efficiency 18%
Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
Biomass Fuel at CHP Plant Fussach
waste wood unprocessed waste wood processed as fuelSource: http://bios-bioenergy.at
CHP Plant Lienz
Organic RankineCycle (ORC)
solid biomass (chips)combustion +second thermo-oil cycle
7.0 MW heat / 1.0 MW el.
Electricity efficiency 18%
Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
Energy flow of CHP Plant Lienz
biomass input100%
thermo-oilboiler ORC process
El. Effic-iency 14 – 15%
thermalefficiency 75%
loses ORCprocess 2 - 3%
thermalloses 8%
Source: http://bios-bioenergy.at
System of Combined Heat and Power Plant with Gas Turbine
Source: http://www.tuwien.ac.at/forschung/nachrichten/guessing/lschema.jpg
CHP Plant Güssing (Gas Turbine)
Fluidized bed gasification + gas engine
solid biomass (chips)
4.5 MWth / 2 kW el.
Co-firing CHP Plant St. Andrä
Co-combustion of solidbiomass (chips) to 124 Mw el. coalfired power plant
~5% biomass via grate combustion
shut down
Co-gasification CHP Plant Zeltweg
Co-combustion of biomassto 137 MW coal fired powerplant
Co-funding: 4th FP (EU)
~5% biomass via fluidized bed gasifier
shut down
Energy Flow of CHP Plantwith Stirling Engine
flue gas
district heat
Stirling engine
bio fuel
air
Legend:BB … Biomass boilerBFin … Biomass fuelDH … District heatingEG … Elec. generatorELP … Elec. powerFG … Flue gasHE … Heat exchangerL … LossesSHP … Shaft powerSTE … Stirling engine
25 %
75 %100 %
7 %
17 %
17 %
12 %
63 %
1 %
6,5 %
12 %
60 °C
80 %63 %
1000 / 750°C
90 / 60°C750 / 0°C
120 / 0°C
EG
BB
BFin
STE
DH / HE
FG
ELPηSTE
=
ηSTE
= 0,28
SHPQKW + SHP
L
FGDH
SHP
QKW
IEF-1849b
System of Combined Heat and Power Plant with Stirling Engine
flue gas
bio fuel
hot air
1200°C
district heat 90 / 70°C
20°C
flue gas760°C
Stirling engineLegend:BB … Biomass boilerBFin … Biomass fuelDH … District heatingEG … Elec. generatorELP … Elec. powerFG … Flue gasHE … Heat exchangerHR … Heat recoveryL … LossesSHP … Shaft powerSTE … Stirling engine
52 %37 %
63 %
10 %
27 % 26 %
48 %
15 %
100%
9%
L
48 %
1200 / 760°C
760/20°C
90 /60°C
EG
BB
BFin
STE
HR/HE
DH
ELPηSTE
=
ηSTE
= 0,28
SHPDH + SHP
ELPBFin
= 0,18 SHP
IEF-1849a
CHP Plant Hartberg (Stirling Engine)
0.5-3 MW heat 20-100 kW el.
Stirling Engine
solid biomass (chips)
Conclusions
CHP with biomass small role in Austrian energy system
Most important: existing CHP plants in pulp & paper industry
Some demonstration plants with different technologies
Steam cycle: commercially available
Organic Rankine cycle: good experiences
Gasification with gas engine: excellent experiences