Kristen Woznick

Andrew Kriebel

Ahmed Al Haddad

College of EngineeringPenn State University

3 December 2012

Solar Powered Water Pumping in Senegal

http://www.practica.org/services/r-d/thermal-solar-pumps/

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Interactive spreadsheet

Prototype of a low cost alternative design

This presentation covers two yields of the project that is used to provide solar powered water pumping to Senegal

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A project schedule laid out the steps and timeline for project milestones

Research & Background

Concept Generation

Concept Development

Prototyping

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Archive company, model no., lift, output, etc

The first task was to archive existing solar powered pumps in a searchable database

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Started with data base which archives 64 submersible pumps from 9 manufacturers with important criteria

CompanyModel #Input Elec.Max LiftOutput @ Max LiftMax OutputLift @ Max OutputWeight

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What do these input values specify

✓submersible pump

✓head

✓Lift

✓Flow Rate

✓Horsepower

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Changes to the database improved functionality with criteria input with the searching function

Macro-enabled “find My Pump” button

Output of correct pump that matches the input criteria

Drop-down menus for the input criteria

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Future Considerations

If someone enters a set of requirements that are above one capability, but below another, would you be able to suggest the one that has more than the asked for requirements?

We ask:

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The second task is to innovate and prototype a solar powered pump to meet the needs of a farm in Senegal

1.2 – 1.6 m

20 m

2 m

20 cubic meters per day

CROPS

WATER

SUN’S ENERGY

ENGINE/PUMP

ASSEMBLY

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Based around a gamma stirling engine, our design was to use the heat of the sun to create the work to drive a pump

SOLAR HEAT TOENGINE

HIGH SPEEDLOW TORQUE

WORK

SUN IN

SOLAR DISH

GAMMA STIRLING ENGINE

PULLEY/GEAR

LOWER SPEEDHIGHER TORQUE

WORKPUMP

WELL WATER

WATER COOLSENGINE

TO CROPS

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Using gamma engine models, a Solidworks model was constructed to study the motion

Critical Lengths

CompressionRatios

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A non-walking beam gamma engine was settled upon and modeled as our engine

HEAT

COLD

DISPLACER POWER PISTON

WORK OUT

EXPANSIONCOMPRESION

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The gamma engine is incorporated into the assembly design with the solar dish, ‘gear’ system, and pump

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The gamma engine is incorporated into the assembly design with the solar dish, ‘gear’ system, and pump

Solar Collecting Dish

Hot End of Engine

Gamma Engine

‘Gear’ System

Mechanical Pump

Water Pipe

Cool Side with Water

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The gamma engine is incorporated into the assembly design with the solar dish, ‘gear’ system, and pump

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The design is easy to assemble, features available materials, and only requires basic machining

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The design is easy to assemble, features available materials, and only requires basic machining

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The prototype is proof of engine function and pump design, but lacks the torque necessary to function as an assembly

Gamma Engine Function – Heat to Work

Pump Function – Movement of Water

Solar Collector

Connection Engine to Pump

Full Function

✔

✔

-

X

X

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To improve performance, it is necessary to make several changes to the design

HOT COLD

Higher Heat Differential

Multiple Cylinders

Ideal Carnot Engine Efficiency

“A calculation using the Carnot cycle formula shows that an engine operating with a source temperature of 100 °C and a sink temperature of 35 °C gives a maximum thermal efficiency of about 17.42%.”

Efficiency:

Real Engine Efficiency and Power Output

Factors to Consider:

• Friction

• Gas Leak

• Temperature

Parabolic Dish Dimensions

“The average energy flux at this distance on a surface perpendicular to the sun's rays is about 1353 W/m2.”

ENERGY = POWER x TIME

Calculations

Pwhp = q h sg / 3960

= (7.34)(65.6)(1)/3960 = .122 HP = 90.7 W

90.7W/.17 = 533.53 W

Solar Dish:

1353W/m²/533.53 = .4m²

1443.K

Goal:

Engine Efficiency Range: 30-40% (1000-1500K) (2000-4000 RPM)Lift Power: 110 W

Future Teams?

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The solar water pumping project is currently a rough proof of concept, but on track for further design iterations

Interactive pump Database

Developed a Concept and a Feasible Design

Prototype and Test Concept

Future Steps

Questions?