solar energy powerpoint

8/14/2019 solar energy powerpoint

1/23

Solar Energy Shubhajit Basak(Roll no.11)

Saumik Bhattyacharya(Roll no.17) Debraj Biswas( Roll no.20)

E.C.E, 2ndYEAR , Sec-A

B.P.P.I.M.T


2/23

What is Solar Energy?

The most precise Solar Energy definition : Energyfrom the sun.

But what is solar energy really?

There are two types of solar energy: Thermal

Energy & Electric Energy

Thermal Energy: ThermalEnergy is everywhere. Its

lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and

our homes. It dries our clothes . All for free! Electric Energy: ElectricEnergy uses the power of

the sun to produce electricity through solar cells,

otherwise known as Photovoltaics(PV).


3/23


4/23

Contd

World Energy Conservationpredicted estimation about therate of utilization of energyresources shows that thecoaldeposits will deplete within thenext200to300years andpetroleum depositswill depleteinnext few decades

The most advantage using SolarEnergyis that this is distributedover a wide geographical area,ensuring that developing regions

such as Indiahave access toelectricity generation at a stablecost for the long-term future

The huge consumption of fossilfuels has caused visible damage tothe environment in various forms

Why Solar Energy


5/23

The following table shows the amount of carbon

andsulphur deposited in the atmosphere

Contd

S. No ActivityAmount deposited in the

atmosphere

1. Human Vehicle, Waste product etc 8 billion tones

2. Fossil fuels 6.5 million tones

3. Deforestation and forest firing 1.5 million tones

At present so many alternative fuels have been developed, still they are able to

meet only a small proportion of our actual demand - The right fuel mix

Importance of Solar Energy


6/23

Contd


7/23Contd

Solar Radiation

Solar Radiation

Components

Ultra-Violet (200nm to 400nm)

8.7%

Visible (400nm to 700nm)

36.2%Infra-red (700nm to 2500nm)

53.1%

Solar Radiation Level

Average radiation outer space

136.7mw/sq.cm

Radiation on Earth surface

107mw/sq.cmRef: Thekaekara 1977

Near infra-red (700nm to 1100nm)

28.1%

Infrared/far-infrared (above 1100nm)

25.4%

Voltaic Form of radiation:

Diffused or Beamed

Silicon PV efficient sesRegionsOnly heating or Thermo

Photo Voltaic


8/23

Current solar energy consumption

Contd


9/23

1838- Edmund Becquerel observedmaterials which turn light into energy

1876 - 78- William Adams, wrote the

first book about Solar Energy called:

A Substitute for Fuel in Tropical

Countriesand was able to power a

2.5 horsepower steam engine

1860- Auguste Mouchout, used

direct conversion of solar radiation

into mechanical power.

1895 - Aubrey Eneas formed the first

Solar Energy company 1904 - Henry Willsie built 2 huge

plants in California to store

generated power. He was the first to

successfully use power at night after

generating it during the day

HISTORICAL MILESTONES

Mouchouts Solar collector

Contd


10/23

HISTORICAL MILESTONES 1954-Calvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson

and Daryl Chaplin of Bell

Laboratories discovered the use of

silicon as a semi-conductor, which

led to the construction of a solar

panel with an efficiency rate of 6%.

1956-The first commercial solar cellwas made available to the public at

a very expensive $300 per watt

1958-Vanguard I the first satellite

was launched that used solar

energy to generate electricity. 1970- The Energy Crisis ! (OPEC oil

embargo)Solar energy history was

made as the price of solar cells

dropped dramatically to about $20

per watt. Contd


11/23

Discover Solar Panels

HOW IT WORKS

1) Sunlight hit the solar panel (photovoltaic/PV) and absorbed by semi-conducting

materials such as silicone.

2) Electrons are knocked loose from their

atoms, which allow them to flow through the

material to produce electricity. This process

is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect.

3) An array of solar panels converts solar

energy into DC (direct current) electricity.

4) The DC electricity enters an inverter.

5) The inverter turns DC electricity into 120-volt

AC (alternating current)

6) The AC power enters the utility panel in the

house.

7) The electricity (load) is then distributed to

appliances or lights in the house.

Contd


12/23

Discover Solar Panels

HOW IT WORKS

8) When more solar energy is generated it can bestored in a battery as DC electricity and will

continue to supply your home with electricity in

the event of a power blackout or at nighttime.

9) When the battery is full the excess electricity can

be exported back into the utility grid, if your

system is connected to it.

10) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form

the grid when not enough solar energy is

produced

11) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid

is measured by a utility meter, which spinsbackwards (when you are producing more energy

that you need) and forward (when you require

additional electricity from the utility company).

The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for

the additional energy you use from the utility

company. This system is referred to as "net-

metering".Contd


13/23

Begun as far back as in the mid 70ssolar photovoltics programme of the

Government of India is one of the

largest in the World

Reliefs offered by government on

SPV manufacturers and users of SPVbased products :

* 100% depreciation in the first year

of installation of the systems

* No excise duty for manufacturers* Low import tariff for several raw

materials and components

* Soft loans to users, intermediaries

and manufacturers.Postage Stamp published By

India Government

Solar Photovolatics in India

Contd


14/23

Promoting use of PV technology to Provide Lighting in

Villages in the form of :

Solar Photovolatics in India (contd)

Contd

Systems Capacity Uses

Community lighting systems 1KW to 2.5 KW Small household lighting system

Portable solar lanterns 10Wp SPV module lighting 7 W CFL lamp for 3hours a day

Street lights 75Wp SPV module Charging 100-130AH battery to

run a 11W CFL lamp for dusk todawn operation

Fixed home lighting systems 35-50Wp SPV module powering two CFLs -- 9 or 11W ,work 4-5 hours /day,

run a small TV set or a fan

Water Pumping 1KW DC motor shallow pumping


15/23

Solar powered Auto Rickshaw

NASA designed Solar powered

vehicle- HELIOS

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY

Contd


16/23


Semi autonomous War

machine- Odysseus

Solar car- Quant

Contd


17/23


Solar street light

Solar cooker used in

Rural India

Contd


18/23

Solar Energy Advantages

Saves you money After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is

practically FREE.

Financial incentives are available form the government that will reduce your

cost.

Environment friendly

It's not affected by the supply and demand of fuel and is therefore not

subjected to the ever-increasing price of gasoline.

Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas, oil and coal), sustainableand

helping to protect our environment.

As we see previously ,it does no pollute air.

Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain or

smog. It actively contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas

emissions. By not using any fuel, Solar Energy does not contribute to the cost

and problems of the recovery and transportation of fuel or the storage of

radioactive waste. Contd


19/23

Solar Energy Advantages (contd)

Low/ no maintenance

Solar Energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last for

decades.

Once installed, there are no recurring costs. They operate silently, have no

moving parts, do not release offensive smells and do not require you toadd any fuel. More solar panels can easily be added in the future when

your family's needs grow.

Contd


20/23

Solar Energy- Main Drawbacks

The initial cost is the main disadvantage of installing a solar energysystem, largely because of the high cost of the semi-conductingmaterialsused in building one.

The cost of solar energy is also high compared to non-renewableutility-supplied electricity.

Solar panels require quite a large area for installation to achieve agood level of efficiency.

The efficiency of the system also relies on the location of the sun,although this problem can be overcome with the installation ofcertain components. The production of solar energy is influenced

by the presence of clouds or pollution in the air. Similarly, no solarenergy will be produced during nighttime although a batterybackup system and/or net metering will solve this problem.

As far as solar powered cars go - their slower speed might notappeal to everyone caught up in today's rat race.

Contd

FINAL VERDICT


21/23

FINAL VERDICT

Penalizing extractive and pollutingfossil-fuel energy

Create Incentives

Feed-in tariffs

Net metering

Rebates

Consumer tax deductions

Production Tax credits

Invest in R&D

A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170

lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being

released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water frombeing consumed each month!

Tools For Adoption & Acceleration Solar Energy Collector

Solar Dish

Contd


22/23

No!

But it can do much more

than it does now.

Old guys dont knowabout

solar design.

It is up to the New

Graduates

to promote solar.Contd

Can solar do it all?


23/23

Thank You

solar energy powerpoint

Documents