soil survey of jackson county, illinois · 338a—hurst silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes..... 43...

In cooperation with IllinoisAgricultural ExperimentStation

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

NaturalResourcesConservationService

Soil Survey ofJackson County,Illinois

This publication consists of a manuscript and a set of soil maps. The informationprovided can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to MapSheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are inthat area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name andshows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailedsoil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may addressyour specific needs.

How To Use This Soil Survey

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Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available onlinefrom the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

National Cooperative Soil Survey

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effortof the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, Stateagencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The NaturalResources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) hasleadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. This survey wasmade cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the IllinoisAgricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to theJackson County Soil and Water Conservation District. Financial assistance was providedby the Jackson County Board and the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2005. Soil names anddescriptions were approved in 2005. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in thispublication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2005. The most current official dataare available on the Internet (http://soils.usda.gov).

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of thesemaps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at alarger scale.

Nondiscrimination Statement

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programsand activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and whereapplicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexualorientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of anindividual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibitedbases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means forcommunication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaintof discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 IndependenceAvenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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http://soils.usda.govhttp://www.nrcs.usda.gov

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ContentsHow To Use This Soil Survey ...................................................................................... iForeword ..................................................................................................................... ixGeneral Nature of the County ...................................................................................... 3

History ................................................................................................................. 3Ecology, Physiography, Geology, Relief, and Drainage ...................................... 3Climate ................................................................................................................ 4

How This Survey Was Made ........................................................................................ 4Detailed Soil Map Units ............................................................................................. 7

3A—Hoyleton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................................................... 83B2—Hoyleton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded ......................................... 98F—Hickory silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes ..................................................... 108F3—Hickory clay loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes, severely eroded ..................... 1012A—Wynoose silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .....................................................1113A—Bluford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 1213B—Bluford silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....................................................... 1314B—Ava silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................................. 1414C3—Ava silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded ................... 1431A—Pierron silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 1575B—Drury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......................................................... 1675C—Drury silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes ........................................................ 1775D—Drury silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes ...................................................... 1779B—Menfro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................ 1879B2—Menfro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded ........................................ 1979C2—Menfro silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ...................................... 2079C3—Menfro silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded ........................ 2179D—Menfro silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes ................................................... 2179D2—Menfro silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded .................................... 2279D3—Menfro silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ...................... 2379E—Menfro silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes .................................................... 2479E2—Menfro silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, eroded .................................... 2579E3—Menfro silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded ...................... 2579F—Menfro silt loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes .................................................... 2684A—Okaw silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 2799G—Sandstone and limestone rock land, 35 to 90 percent slopes .................... 28109A—Racoon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................... 28122B—Colp silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......................................................... 29122B2—Colp silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded .......................................... 30122C2—Colp silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ........................................ 31122D—Colp silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes ..................................................... 31122D3—Colp silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded .............. 32131B—Alvin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................. 33131D3—Alvin loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ............................ 34131E—Alvin fine sandy loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes ......................................... 35164A—Stoy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 35

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164B—Stoy silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......................................................... 36164B2—Stoy silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded........................................... 37165A—Weir silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 38208A—Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................................................... 38214B—Hosmer silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 39214C2—Hosmer silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ................................... 40214C3—Hosmer silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded .................... 41214D2—Hosmer silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ................................. 42214D3—Hosmer silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded .................. 42338A—Hurst silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................................ 43338B2—Hurst silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded ......................................... 44432A—Geff silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 45434A—Ridgway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................... 46434B2—Ridgway silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded .................................... 46434C2—Ridgway silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ................................. 47434D—Ridgway silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes ............................................... 48434D3—Ridgway silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ........ 49437B—Redbud silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 50477B—Winfield silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 50477C2—Winfield silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded .................................. 51515C3—Bunkum silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded .......... 52515D3—Bunkum silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ........ 53517A—Marine silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................................................... 54517B—Marine silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...................................................... 54533—Urban land ................................................................................................... 55536—Dumps, mine ................................................................................................ 55582B—Homen silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..................................................... 55582C2—Homen silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded .................................... 56582C3—Homen silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded ............ 57582D3—Homen silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded .......... 58692D2—Menfro-Wellston silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ................. 59692F—Menfro-Wellston silt loams, 18 to 35 percent slopes ................................. 60692G—Menfro-Wellston silt loams, 35 to 70 percent slopes ................................ 61701D—Menfro-Hickory silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes .................................. 62701D3—Menfro-Hickory complex, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ...... 63701F—Hickory-Menfro silt loams, 18 to 35 percent slopes ................................... 64701F3—Hickory-Menfro complex, 18 to 35 percent slopes, severely eroded ...... 65797D—Hickory-Homen silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes .................................. 66797D3—Hickory-Homen silty clay loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely

eroded ............................................................................................................. 67801B—Orthents, silty, undulating .......................................................................... 68802F—Orthents, loamy, hilly and very hilly ........................................................... 69805D—Orthents, clayey, sloping ........................................................................... 70823B—Schuline silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes ................................................... 71824B—Swanwick silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes ................................................. 72824C—Swanwick silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes ............................................... 73825C—Lenzburg silty clay loam, acid substratum, 2 to 12 percent slopes ........... 74832F—Menfro-Clarksville complex, 18 to 35 percent slopes ................................ 74832G—Clarksville-Menfro complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ............................... 76833F—Menfro-Goss complex, 18 to 35 percent slopes ........................................ 77833G—Goss-Menfro complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ....................................... 78834F—Wellston-Westmore silt loams, 18 to 35 percent slopes ............................ 79864—Pits, quarries ................................................................................................ 80866—Dumps, slurry ............................................................................................... 80

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871B—Lenzburg gravelly silty clay loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes, stony ................ 80871D—Lenzburg gravelly silty clay loam, 7 to 20 percent slopes, stony .............. 81871G—Lenzburg gravelly silty clay loam, 20 to 60 percent slopes, stony ............ 82908G—Kell-Hickory silt loams, 35 to 70 percent slopes ....................................... 82929D2—Hickory-Ava silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ........................ 83929D3—Hickory-Ava silty clay loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely

eroded ............................................................................................................. 85940D2—Zanesville-Westmore silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded.......... 86976G—Neotoma-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ....................... 87977F—Wellston-Neotoma complex, 18 to 35 percent slopes ............................... 88977G—Neotoma-Wellston complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes............................... 891085A—Jacob silty clay, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .... 901108A—Bonnie silt loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ... 911843A—Bonnie and Petrolia soils, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded ............................................................................................ 911845A—Darwin and Jacob silty clays, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded ............................................................................................ 933071A—Darwin silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..................... 943071L—Darwin silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, long

duration ........................................................................................................... 953085A—Jacob silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ...................... 963108A—Bonnie silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..................... 963162A—Gorham silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .......... 973180A—Dupo silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ....................... 983331A—Haymond silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded ................. 993333A—Wakeland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .............. 1003334A—Birds silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ...................... 1013336A—Wilbur silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................... 1013382A—Belknap silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ................. 1023394B—Haynie silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, frequently flooded ................... 1033420A—Piopolis silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ........ 1043422A—Cape silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..................... 1053456BL—Ware fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, frequently flooded,

long duration ................................................................................................. 1063457A—Booker silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................. 1063682BL—Medway silty clay loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, frequently flooded,

long duration ................................................................................................. 1073787A—Banlic silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................... 1085079D3—Menfro silt loam, karst, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ...... 1095079E3—Menfro silt loam, karst, 18 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded .......1107084A—Okaw silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ............................. 1117109A—Racoon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ......................... 1117122B—Colp silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded ..............................1127122B2—Colp silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, rarely flooded ...............1137122C2—Colp silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, rarely flooded .............1147122D—Colp silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, rarely flooded ..........................1157122D3—Colp silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded,

rarely flooded .................................................................................................1167131B—Alvin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded ..................1167131D3—Alvin loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded, rarely

flooded............................................................................................................1177131E—Alvin fine sandy loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, rarely flooded ..............1187208A—Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ...........................1197338A—Hurst silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ............................ 120

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7338B2—Hurst silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, rarely flooded ............. 1207430A—Raddle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ......................... 1217432A—Geff silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded .............................. 1227434A—Ridgway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ....................... 1237434B2—Ridgway silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, rarely flooded ........ 1247434C2—Ridgway silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, rarely flooded ..... 1247434D—Ridgway silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, rarely flooded ................... 1257434D3—Ridgway silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded,

rarely flooded ................................................................................................ 1267437B—Redbud silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded ........................ 1278071A—Darwin silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............... 1288085A—Jacob silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ................ 1288108A—Bonnie silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............... 1298162A—Gorham silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .... 1308180A—Dupo silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded.................. 1318331A—Haymond silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ........... 1328333A—Wakeland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .......... 1338334A—Birds silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .................. 1338382A—Belknap silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............. 1348420A—Piopolis silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .... 1358426A—Karnak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded............... 1368427B—Burnside silt loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............ 1378428A—Coffeen silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .............. 1388456B—Ware loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ....................... 1388457A—Booker silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded............... 1398589A—Bowdre silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .............. 1408590A—Cairo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ................. 1418682B—Medway silty clay loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded.... 1428787A—Banlic silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ................ 143MW—Miscellaneous water .................................................................................. 143W—Water ............................................................................................................ 143

Use and Management of the Soils ........................................................................ 145Interpretive Ratings ............................................................................................. 145

Rating Class Terms ......................................................................................... 145Numerical Ratings ........................................................................................... 146

Crops and Pasture ............................................................................................... 146Limitations Affecting Cropland and Pastureland ............................................. 146Yields per Acre ................................................................................................ 151Land Capability Classification ......................................................................... 152Prime Farmland ............................................................................................... 153

Hydric Soils .......................................................................................................... 153Forestland Management ...................................................................................... 155Forestland Productivity ........................................................................................ 156Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........................................................... 156Recreational Development .................................................................................. 157Wildlife Habitat ..................................................................................................... 158Engineering.......................................................................................................... 160

Building Site Development .............................................................................. 161Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................................ 162Construction Materials ..................................................................................... 164Water Management ......................................................................................... 165

Soil Properties ........................................................................................................ 169Engineering Index Properties .............................................................................. 169Physical Properties .............................................................................................. 170

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Chemical Properties ............................................................................................ 172Water Features .................................................................................................... 173Soil Features ........................................................................................................ 174

Classification of the Soils ..................................................................................... 177Soil Series and Their Morphology ....................................................................... 177

Alvin Series ..................................................................................................... 178Ava Series ....................................................................................................... 179Banlic Series ................................................................................................... 181Belknap Series ................................................................................................ 183Birds Series ..................................................................................................... 184Bluford Series .................................................................................................. 185Bonnie Series .................................................................................................. 187Booker Series .................................................................................................. 188Bowdre Series ................................................................................................. 189Bunkum Series ................................................................................................ 191Burnside Series ............................................................................................... 192Cairo Series ..................................................................................................... 194Cape Series ..................................................................................................... 195Clarksville Series ............................................................................................. 196Coffeen Series ................................................................................................. 198Colp Series ...................................................................................................... 199Darwin Series .................................................................................................. 201Drury Series .................................................................................................... 203Dupo Series ..................................................................................................... 204Geff Series ....................................................................................................... 205Gorham Series ................................................................................................ 207Goss Series ..................................................................................................... 209Haymond Series ...............................................................................................211Haynie Series .................................................................................................. 212Hickory Series ................................................................................................. 212Homen Series .................................................................................................. 214Hosmer Series ................................................................................................. 216Hoyleton Series ............................................................................................... 218Hurst Series ..................................................................................................... 220Jacob Series .................................................................................................... 222Karnak Series .................................................................................................. 223Kell Series ....................................................................................................... 225Lenzburg Series .............................................................................................. 226Marine Series .................................................................................................. 227Medway Series ................................................................................................ 229Menfro Series .................................................................................................. 231Neotoma Series ............................................................................................... 232Okaw Series .................................................................................................... 234Petrolia Series ................................................................................................. 236Pierron Series .................................................................................................. 238Piopolis Series ................................................................................................. 240Racoon Series ................................................................................................. 241Raddle Series .................................................................................................. 243Redbud Series ................................................................................................. 244Ridgway Series ............................................................................................... 246Schuline Series ............................................................................................... 247Sexton Series .................................................................................................. 248Stoy Series ...................................................................................................... 251Swanwick Series ............................................................................................. 253

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Issued 2009

Wakeland Series ............................................................................................. 254Ware Series ..................................................................................................... 255Weir Series ...................................................................................................... 257Wellston Series ............................................................................................... 258Westmore Series ............................................................................................. 260Wilbur Series ................................................................................................... 261Winfield Series ................................................................................................ 263Wynoose Series .............................................................................................. 265Zanesville Series ............................................................................................. 267

Formation of the Soils ........................................................................................... 269Factors of Soil Formation .................................................................................... 269

Parent Material ................................................................................................ 269Climate and Living Organisms ........................................................................ 270Relief ............................................................................................................... 270Time ................................................................................................................. 270

Processes of Soil Formation ................................................................................ 271References .............................................................................................................. 273Glossary .................................................................................................................. 275Tables ...................................................................................................................... 295

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ............................................................ 296Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall .......................................................... 297Table 3.—Growing Season .................................................................................. 297Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils ................................... 298Table 5.—Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland ............ 301Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture ................ 313Table 7.—Prime Farmland ................................................................................... 324Table 8.—Map Units With Major Components of Hydric Soils ............................ 326Table 9.—Map Units With Minor Components of Hydric Soils ............................ 329Table 10a.—Forestland Management ................................................................. 331Table 10b.—Forestland Management ................................................................. 349Table 10c.—Forestland Management .................................................................. 361Table 11.—Forestland Productivity ...................................................................... 379Table 12.—Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........................................ 396Table 13a.—Recreational Development .............................................................. 448Table 13b.—Recreational Development .............................................................. 469Table 14.—Wildlife Habitat ................................................................................... 487Table 15a.—Building Site Development .............................................................. 500Table 15b.—Building Site Development .............................................................. 521Table 16a.—Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................ 546Table 16b.—Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................ 572Table 17a.—Construction Materials ..................................................................... 595Table 17b.—Construction Materials ..................................................................... 613Table 18a.—Water Management ......................................................................... 638Table 18b.—Water Management ......................................................................... 658Table 18c.—Water Management ......................................................................... 685Table 19.—Engineering Index Properties ............................................................ 709Table 20.—Physical Properties of the Soils ......................................................... 758Table 21.—Chemical Properties of the Soils ....................................................... 783Table 22.—Water Features .................................................................................. 802Table 23.—Soil Features ..................................................................................... 815Table 24.—Classification of the Soils .................................................................. 827

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Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.They include predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The surveys highlightsoil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact ofselected land uses on the environment.

Soil surveys are designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, andagronomists can use the surveys to evaluate the potential of the soil and themanagement needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, communityofficials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the surveys toplan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed toensure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists inrecreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use thesurveys to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may imposespecial restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report isintended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or landtreatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the landusers identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. Thelandowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws andregulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider areaplanning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certainconservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact yourlocal USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs)or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/state_offices/).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils areseasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as afoundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septictank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements orunderground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soilsurvey. The location of each map unit is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil inthe survey area is described, and information on specific uses is given. Help in usingthis publication and additional information are available at the local office of theNatural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

William J. GradleState ConservationistNatural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcshttp://soils.usda.gov/contact/state_offices/

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JACKSON COUNTY is in southwestern Illinois (fig. 1). It is in major land resource areas(MLRAs) 113, Central Claypan Areas; 114B, Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loessand Till Plain, Western Part; 115B, Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes,Western Part; and 120A, Kentucky and Indiana Sandstone and Shale Hills andValleys, Southern Part (USDA/NRCS, 2006).

The survey area is bounded by Williamson County on the east; Franklin County onthe northeast; Union County on the south; Perry County, Missouri, on the west;Randolph County on the northwest; and Perry County, Illinois, on the north. JacksonCounty consists of small towns, forests, barrens, wetlands, pasture, and cropland.The county has a total area of 603 square miles (1,561 km2), of which 589 squaremiles (1,523 km2) is land and 14 square miles (37 km2), or 2.39 percent, is water. Theaverage elevation is around 400 feet, except near the Mississippi River (U.S.Department of Commerce, 2002).

Jackson County is served by one U.S. highway, five State highways, and a numberof hard-surfaced county roads. There are approximately 740 farms in Jackson County(U.S. Department of Commerce, 2002). The average farm size is 270 acres. Mostfarm owners or operators supplement their income by working off the farm. Along withagriculture, a number of small businesses and industries provide employment in thecounty. The top four crop commodities, by acres, are soybeans, hay, corn, and wheat(U.S. Department of Commerce, 2002). The top four livestock commodities, bynumber, are cattle, hogs, poultry, and sheep (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2002).The amount of forestland in the county is approximately 138,000 acres (Schmidt andothers, 2000). The Shawnee National Forest occupies about 50,963 acres in thecounty. Recreational activities in the area include camping, boating, horseback riding,fishing, and hunting.

Soil Survey ofJackson County, Illinois

By Dwayne R. Williams, Bryan C. Fitch, and Samuel J. Indorante,Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork for the updated survey by Dwayne R. Williams,Samuel J. Indorante, W. Matt McCauley, and Bryan C. Fitch,Natural Resources Conservation Service

Previous soil survey completed by R.J. Herman, C.C. Miles, L.A. Dungan,B.E.Currie, W.D. Parks, and P.W. Ice, Soil Conservation Service

Classification and correlation of the soils by Gary R. Struben, John C. Doll,Dwayne R. Williams, Samuel J. Indorante, Edward C. Workman,Jon D. Bathgate, W. Matt McCauley, and Bryan C. Fitch, NaturalResources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources ConservationService, in cooperation with the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station

Soil Survey of Jackson County, Illinois

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Figure 1.—Location of Jackson County and the major land resource areas (MLRAs) in Illinois.

LEGEND95B—Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain97—Southwestern Michigan Fruit and Truck Crop Belt98—Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana Drift Plain105—Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills108A and 108B—Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift110—Northern Illinois and Indiana Heavy Till Plain113—Central Claypan Areas114B—Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loess and Till Plain, Western Part115A, 115B, and 115C—Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes120A—Kentucky and Indiana Sandstone and Shale Hills and Valleys, Southern Part131A—Southern Mississippi River Alluvium134—Southern Mississippi Valley Loess


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This soil survey updates the survey of Jackson County published in 1975 (Hermanand others, 1975). It provides more descriptive and interpretive information and haslarger maps, which show the soils in greater detail.

General Nature of the CountyThis section provides some general information about the survey area. It describes

history; ecology, physiography, geology, relief, and drainage; and climate.

History

Jackson County was organized in 1816, having been carved out of RandolphCounty. It was named for Andrew Jackson, who had just defeated the British at theBattle of New Orleans.

Shortly after the American Civil War, General John A. Logan led a parade ofveterans from Murphysboro to Carbondale, Illinois. General Logan, a Union veteran,invited the Confederate veterans, of which there were many in Jackson County, tomarch with him. Thus, what might have been another celebration of the Union victorybecame a memorial to the war dead on both sides. This is one version of the origin ofthe Memorial Day holiday (“Memorial Day” Wikipedia article).

Ecology, Physiography, Geology, Relief, and Drainage

In accordance with the USDA Forest Service national hierarchical framework ofecological units, the ecosystems in Jackson County are as follows: The southern partof Jackson County lies in the Greater and Lesser Shawnee Hills subsections of theShawnee Hills Section of the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Continental) Province.Northern Jackson County lies in the Mount Vernon Hill Country subsection of theCentral Till Plains Oak-Hickory Section of the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Continental)Province. The western part of the county is in the Mississippi flood plain of theMississippi Alluvial Plain subsection of the Ozark Highland Section of the EasternBroadleaf Forest (Continental) Province (USDA, Forest Service, 1995).

Three distinctive topographic regions can be defined in Jackson County. Theelevation ranges from 340 to 811 feet above sea level (fig. 2). A wide flood plain liesbetween the Mississippi River and the rugged hilly area to the east. Levees along theMississippi and Big Muddy Rivers protect this area from river floods, but floodingbeyond the levees prevents cropping or damages crops in some years. Adjacent tothe flood plains are rocky bluffs and rough hills that are nearly vertical and in placesrise more than 200 feet above the floor of the flood plain. These hills enter thenorthwestern part of the county and form a band 8 miles wide as they diagonallyapproach Murphysboro. The hills are loess-covered bedrock of Pennsylvanian andMississippian age. South of Murphysboro they expand to fill nearly all of thesoutheastern quarter of the county. The northeastern part of the county is dominantlyflat. Most of this area was forested, but a few island prairies occur throughout thearea. The area was glaciated by the Illinoian glacier 150,000 years ago and consistsof upland claypan soils and Wisconsinan-age terrace soils that are approximately12,000 to 25,000 years old.

Jackson County drains into the Mississippi River through the Big Muddy River,whose main tributaries are the Little Muddy River and Beaucoup, Kinkaid, Cedar,Crab Orchard, and Drury Creeks (Herman and others, 1975).


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Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation for the survey area asrecorded at Carbondale in the period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates ofthe first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on the lengthof the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 33.5 degrees F and the average dailyminimum temperature is 23.8 degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 75.4degrees and the average daily maximum temperature is 86.9 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are equivalent to “heat units.”During the month, growing degree days accumulate by the amount that the averagetemperature each day exceeds a base temperature (50 degrees F). The normalmonthly accumulation is used to schedule single or successive plantings of a cropbetween the last freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is 45.80 inches. Of this total, 27.22 inches,or about 59 percent, usually falls in April through October. The growing season formost crops falls within this period.

The average seasonal snowfall is 13.4 inches. On an average, 14 days per yearhave at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The number of such days varies greatlyfrom year to year.

How This Survey Was MadeThis survey was made to update and digitize the 1975 soil survey of Jackson

County (Herman and others, 1975). Jackson County is a subset of major landresource areas (MLRAs) 113, 114B, 115B, and 120A (fig. 1). MLRAs aregeographically associated land resource units that share a common land use,elevation, topography, climate, water, soils, and vegetation (USDA/NRCS, 2006).Map unit design is based on the occurrence of each soil throughout the MLRA. In

Figure 2.—A generalized relief map of Jackson County showing the location of the highest andlowest points in the county. The orange dot represents the highest elevation, 811 feet abovesea level (Grassy Knob). The blue dot represents the lowest point, less than 340 feet abovesea level (confluence of the Mississippi and Big Muddy Rivers).


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some cases a soil may be referred to that does not occur in the Jackson Countysurvey but that has been mapped within the MLRA.

The information in this soil survey includes a description of the soils andmiscellaneous areas and their location and a discussion of their properties and thesubsequent effects on suitability, limitations, and management for specified uses.During the 1975 soil survey and as part of this update, soil scientists observed thesteepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kindsof crops and native plants; and the kinds of soil parent materials. Soil scientists alsostudied and described soil profiles. A soil profile is a sequence of natural layers, orhorizons, in the soil. The profile extends from the soil surface down into theunconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material isdevoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by otherbiological activity. Soil scientists prepared new soil profile descriptions and studiedprofile descriptions from previous fieldwork.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the county occur in an orderly pattern that isrelated to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the county.Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind orsegment of the landscape. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in thesurvey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landscape, soilscientists develop a concept, or model, of how the soils were formed and of thegeographic distribution of the soils. Thus, during mapping, this soil-landscape modelenables the soil scientists to predict with considerable accuracy the kind of soil orsoils at a specific location on the landscape.

Individual soils on the landscape commonly merge into one another as theircharacteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate map, however, soilscientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only alimited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by anunderstanding of the soil-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions ofthe kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they observed.The maximum depth of observation was about 80 inches (6.7 feet). Soil scientistsnoted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rockfragments, distribution of plant roots, soil reaction, and other features that enablethem to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determiningtheir properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soilcharacteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis forcomparison to classify and interpret soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system oftaxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind andcharacter of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. Afterthe soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they comparedthe individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas sothat they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience andresearch.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the survey areagenerally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Fieldobservations and measurements also are made on selected soils. Soil scientistsinterpret the data from these analyses and tests, as well as the field-observedcharacteristics and the soil properties, to estimate the expected behavior of the soilsunder different uses. Information from other soil surveys and soil studies also is usedto develop soil interpretations.

Soils vary across the landscape and with time. Predictions about soil behavior arebased not only on how soils occur on the landscape but also on such variables asclimate, biological activity, and local land use. Some soil conditions are very stable


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and predictable over long periods of time. Examples are clay content in the subsoiland cation-exchange capacity. Some soil conditions change rapidly over the courseof a year but are still predictable. Examples are monthly soil moisture status withincertain depths of the soil profile and monthly depth and duration of ponding in adetailed soil map unit.

Interpretations for some of the soils are field tested through observation of the soilsin different uses and under different levels of management. National and regional soilinterpretations are modified as necessary to fit local conditions, and some newinterpretations are developed to meet local needs. Map unit descriptions,interpretations, and tables for this soil survey were generated using the National SoilSurvey Information System (NASIS), version 5.0.

Aerial photographs for this survey were taken in 1993. Soil scientists also usedU.S. Geological Survey topographic maps (enlarged to a scale of 1:12,000) andorthophotographs to relate land and image features. Selected areas of the countywere reinvestigated to update and refine local soil-landscape models. Soil boundariesfrom the soil maps published in 1975 were drawn on the orthophotographs.Adjustments of soil boundary lines were made to coincide with the U.S. GeologicalSurvey topographic map contour lines, digital elevation models (DEMs), and tonalpatterns on aerial photographs.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the soils in this survey area may notfully agree with those of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are the resultof an improved knowledge of soils, modifications in series concepts, or variations inthe intensity of mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey areas.

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The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in this survey represent thesoils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in thissection, along with the maps, can be used to determine the suitability and potential ofa unit for specific uses. They also can be used to plan the management needed forthose uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or moremajor kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and namedaccording to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomicclass there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On thelandscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have thecharacteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observedproperties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soilsof a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas ofother taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils ormiscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belongto taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in themap unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are callednoncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in aparticular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have propertiesand behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require differentmanagement. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generallyare in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identifiedby a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting components are mentioned in themap unit descriptions. A few areas of minor components may not have beenobserved, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especiallywhere the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enoughobservations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes theusefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate puretaxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landformsegments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation ofsuch segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development ofresource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsiteinvestigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives the principal hazardsand limitations to be considered in planning for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. All the soils of aseries have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, andarrangement. The soils of a given series can differ in texture of the surface layer,slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect theiruse. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of

Detailed Soil Map Units


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the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of asoil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. Forexample, Colp silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, is a phase of the Colp series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.These map units are complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricatepattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similarin all areas. Menfro-Wellston silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, is anexample.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areasthat could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similarinterpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion ofthe soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can bemade up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made upof all of them. Bonnie and Petrolia soils, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequentlyflooded, is an undifferentiated group in this survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soilmaterial and support little or no vegetation. Pits, quarries, is an example.

Table 4 lists the map units in this survey area. Other tables give properties of thesoils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many uses. The Glossarydefines many of the terms used in describing the soils.

3A—Hoyleton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Till plains on uplandsPosition on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Hoyleton and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:• The somewhat poorly drained Bluford soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Hoyleton soil• The poorly drained Cisne soils on summits

Properties and Qualities of the Hoyleton Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: SlowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: SlowDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to 3.5 percentShrink-swell potential: High


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Depth and months of highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1 foot, Januarythrough May

Ponding: NonePotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: High for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: LowSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2wPrime farmland category: Prime farmlandHydric soil status: Not hydric

3B2—Hoyleton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, erodedSetting

Landform and landscape: Till plains on uplandsPosition on landform: Backslopes, summits


Hoyleton and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer• Soils that have a thinner surface layer• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

Dissimilar soils:• The somewhat poorly drained Bluford soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Hoyleton soil• The somewhat poorly drained Belknap soils along drainageways

Properties and Qualities of the Hoyleton Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: SlowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: SlowDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 9.7 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to 3.0 percentShrink-swell potential: HighAccelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.Depth and months of highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1 foot, January

through MayPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: High for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: HighSusceptibility to water erosion: ModerateSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low


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Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2ePrime farmland category: Prime farmlandHydric soil status: Not hydric

8F—Hickory silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Till plains on uplandsPosition on landform: Backslopes, shoulders


Hickory and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar components: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thinner surface layer• Soils that contain more clay

Dissimilar components:• Small areas of sandstone or shale outcrops on the lower part of slopes• The moderately well drained Ava and Hosmer soils on the upper part of slopes• The moderately well drained Sharon soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Hickory Soil

Parent material: Loamy tillDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 10.8 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 3 percentShrink-swell potential: ModeratePonding: NonePotential for frost action: ModerateHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: HighSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 6ePrime farmland category: Not prime farmlandHydric soil status: Not hydric

8F3—Hickory clay loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes, severelyeroded

Setting

Landform and landscape: Till plains on uplandsPosition on landform: Backslopes


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Hickory and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar components: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thicker surface layer• Soils that contain more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar components:• Small areas of sandstone or shale outcrops on the lower part of slopes• The moderately well drained Ava and Hosmer soils on the upper part of slopes• The moderately well drained Sharon soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Hickory Soil

Parent material: Loamy tillDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 1.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateAccelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly subsoil material.Potential for frost action: ModerateHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: HighSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


12A—Wynoose silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Flats on uplandsPosition on landform: Summits


Wynoose and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a darker surface layer• Soils in which the thickness of the A and E horizons is more than 24 inches

Dissimilar soils:• Bluford soils in the slightly higher landform positions


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Properties and Qualities of the Wynoose Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Poorly drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very slowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slowDepth to restrictive feature: 13 to 23 inches to abrupt textural changeAvailable water capacity: About 9.7 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: HighDepth and months of highest perched seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through JunePonding (average depth during the wettest periods or after heavy rainfall): 0.2 footPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: High for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: LowSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3wPrime farmland category: Not prime farmlandHydric soil status: Hydric

13A—Bluford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopesSetting



Bluford and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a darker surface layer• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:• The moderately well drained Ava soils in the more sloping areas• The poorly drained Wynoose soils on upland summits

Properties and Qualities of the Bluford Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: SlowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: SlowDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: High


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Depth and months of highest perched seasonal high water table: 1 foot, Januarythrough May

Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: High for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: LowSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2wPrime farmland category: Prime farmland where drainedHydric soil status: Not hydric

13B—Bluford silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopesSetting



Bluford and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thinner surface layer• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:• The moderately well drained Ava soils on the upper part of slopes

Properties and Qualities of the Bluford Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: SlowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: SlowDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: HighDepth and months of highest perched seasonal high water table: 1 foot, January

through MayPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: High for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: ModerateSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups



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14B—Ava silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopesSetting



Ava and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thinner surface layer• Soils that have a darker surface layer• Soils that do not have a brittle layer

Dissimilar soils:• The somewhat poorly drained Bluford soils on the lower part of slopes

Properties and Qualities of the Ava Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Moderately well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very slowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: SlowDepth to restrictive feature: 25 to 40 inches to a fragipanAvailable water capacity: About 8.1 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateDepth and months of highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.5 feet, January

through AprilPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and high for concreteSurface runoff class: HighSusceptibility to water erosion: ModerateSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


14C3—Ava silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,severely eroded

Setting

Landform and landscape: Till plains on uplandsPosition on landform: Backslopes, shoulders


Ava and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent


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Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thicker surface layer• Soils that have a fragipan at a depth of less than 20 inches• Soils that do not have a brittle layer

Dissimilar soils:• The somewhat poorly drained Bluford soils on the lower part of slopes• The somewhat poorly drained Belknap soils along drainageways

Properties and Qualities of the Ava Soil

Parent material: Peoria and Roxana loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Moderately well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very slowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow or slowDepth to restrictive feature: 25 to 40 inches to a fragipanAvailable water capacity: About 7.2 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 2.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateDepth and months of highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.5 feet, January

through AprilAccelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly subsoil material.Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and high for concreteSurface runoff class: HighSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Very low

Interpretive Groups


31A—Pierron silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Flats on uplandsPosition on landform: Summits


Pierron and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that do not have an abrupt textural change• Soils in which the thickness of the A and E horizons is more than 24 inches

Dissimilar soils:• The somewhat poorly drained Stoy and Marine soils in the slightly higher positions

Properties and Qualities of the Pierron Soil

Parent material: Loess over glacial driftDrainage class: Poorly drained


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Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very slowPermeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow to moderately slowDepth to restrictive feature: 14 to 24 inches to abrupt textural changeAvailable water capacity: About 9.7 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 3 percentShrink-swell potential: HighDepth and months of highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through JunePonding (average depth during the wettest periods or after heavy rainfall): 0.2 footPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: High for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: LowSusceptibility to water erosion: LowSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3wPrime farmland category: Not prime farmlandHydric soil status: Hydric

75B—Drury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Loess hills on foothillsPosition on landform: Footslopes


Drury and similar soils: 85 percentDissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thinner surface layer• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:• The well drained Haymond soils on flood plains• The well drained Clarksville and Goss soils on upland backslopes• The somewhat poorly drained Wakeland soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Drury Soil

Parent material: ColluviumDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: LowPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: Low


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Susceptibility to water erosion: ModerateSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


75C—Drury silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopesSetting




Inclusions




Parent material: ColluviumDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: LowPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


75D—Drury silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopesSetting



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Inclusions




Parent material: ColluviumDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: LowPotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79B—Menfro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Loess hills on uplandsPosition on landform: Summits


Menfro and similar soils: 90 percentDissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thinner surface layer• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet

Dissimilar soils:• The moderately well drained Hosmer soils in the same slope positions as those of

the Menfro soil


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Properties and Qualities of the Menfro Soil

Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.8 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 2.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModeratePotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concreteSurface runoff class: LowSusceptibility to water erosion: ModerateSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79B2—Menfro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, erodedSetting

Landform and landscape: Loess hills on uplandsPosition on landform: Summits, shoulders



Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a surface layer of silty clay loam• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet


the Menfro soil


Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.7 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 2.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateAccelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concrete


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Surface runoff class: LowSusceptibility to water erosion: ModerateSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79C2—Menfro silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform and landscape: Loess hills on uplandsPosition on landform: Backslopes, shoulders



Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a surface layer of silty clay loam• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet


the Menfro soil


Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.7 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateAccelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups



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79C3—Menfro silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severelyeroded

Setting

Landform and landscape: Loess hills on uplandsPosition on landform: Shoulders, backslopes



Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thicker surface layer• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet• Soils that have a surface layer of silty clay loam


the Menfro soil• The well drained Haymond soils along drainageways


Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 1.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateAccelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly subsoil material.Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79D—Menfro silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopesSetting

Landform and landscape: Loess hills on uplandsPosition on landform: Backslopes




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Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a thinner surface layer and are silty clay loam• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet


the Menfro soil• The well drained Wellston soils in the lower positions on backslopes• The well drained Haymond soils along drainageways


Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.8 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 2.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModeratePotential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79D2—Menfro silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, erodedSetting




Inclusions



the Menfro soil• The well drained Wellston soils in the lower backslope positions• The well drained Haymond soils along drainageways


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Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.7 inches to a depth of 60 inchesContent of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 2.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateAccelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79D3—Menfro silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severelyeroded

Setting




Inclusions

Similar soils:• Soils that have a surface layer of silty clay loam• Soils that have a thicker surface layer• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet


the Menfro soil• The well drained Wellston soils in the lower backslope positions• The well drained Haymond soils along drainageways


Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: ModeratePermeability below a depth of 60 inches: ModerateDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesAvailable water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches


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Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 1.0 percentShrink-swell potential: ModerateAccelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly subsoil material.Potential for frost action: HighHazard of corrosion: Low for steel and moderate for concreteSurface runoff class: MediumSusceptibility to water erosion: HighSusceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups


79E—Menfro silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopesSetting




Inclusions


Dissimilar soils:• The well drained Clarksville, Goss, and Wellston soils on the lower backslopes• The well drained Haymond soils along drainageways


Parent material: LoessDrainage class: Well drainedSlow

soil survey of jackson county, illinois · 338a—hurst silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes..... 43...

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