soil physics with hydrus: chapter 1 equations, tables, and figures
TRANSCRIPT
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Soil Physics with HYDRUS: Chapter 1
Equations, Tables, and Figures
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1.1 – 1.5
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1.6 – 1.10
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1.11 – 1.13
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TABLE 1.1Approximate charge characteristics of soil colloids (Brady and Weil, 2008)
Colloid Type CEC AECcmolc kg-1 cmolc kg-1
Organic matter 200 0Smectite 100 0Vermiculite 150 0Fine-grained micas 30 0Chlorite 30 0Kaolinite 8 2Aluminum oxide 4 5Iron oxide 4 5Allophane 30 15
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TABLE 1.2Specific surface area range for selected colloids (Skopp, 2000)
Colloid sm2 g-1
Kaolinite 15-20Illite 80-100Bentonite 115-260Montmorillonite 280-500Crystalline iron oxides 116-184Amorphous iron oxides 305-412Organic matter 560-800
TABLE 1.3Specific surface area for bulk soils (Skopp, 2000)
Soil Textural Class sm2 g-1
Sands <10loams and silt loams 5-20Clay loams 15-40Clays >25
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TABLE 1.4Size classes of soil structure (Soil Survey Manual, 2008)
Size Class Platy† Prismatic or Columnar
Blocky Granular
Mm Mm Mm mmVery fine <1 <10 <5 <1Fine 1-2 10-20 5-10 1-2Medium 2-5 20-50 10-20 2-5Coarse 5-10 50-100 20-50 5-10Very Coarse >10 >100 >50 >10
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TABLE 1.5
Cecil soil series description (plot 4 from Bruce et al., 1983)
Horizon Depth Textural Class Structure Colorcm
Ap 0-21 Loamy sand Weak, medium granular
Brown
BA 21-26 Clay loam Weak, medium,
subangular blocky
Red
Bt1 26-102 Clay Strong, medium,
subangular blocky
Red with few strong brown mottles
Bt2 102-131 Clay Strong, medium,
subangular blocky
Red
BC 131-160 Clay loam Weak, medium,
subangular blocky
Red
C 251+ Sandy clay loam Massive Red with light red and weak red mottles
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Figure 1.1 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and International Soil Science
Society (ISSS) classification systems for soil particle size fractions (Hillel, 2004).
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Figure1.2 Textural triangle, showing the percentages of clay (< 0.002 mm), silt (0.002-0.05 mm), and
sand (0.05-2.0 mm) in the conventional soil textural classes (Hillel, 2004)
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Figure 1.3 Particle size distribution of a clay, loam, well-graded sand, and poorly-graded sand (Hillel,
2004).
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Figure 1.4 A soil aggregate broken open along a failure zone.
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Figure 1.5 Strong, thin, platy structure (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993).
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Figure 1.6 Strong, medium, prismatic structure (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993).
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Figure 1.7 Strong, medium, coarse angular blocky structure (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993).
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Figure 1.8 Strong, fine, medium granular structure (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993).
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Figure 1.9 Nashville silt loam soil profile (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993).