software transformation for cloud video...

Software Transformationfor Cloud Video Services

Randell Hand

BRKSPV-1102

• What are we trying to solve?

• How did we get here?

• Emergence of Container Technology for Video

• What does this mean for Apps?

• Case Study

• Where are we going?

• Wrap up

Agenda

What are we trying to solve?

© 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

What is Infrastructure Transformation for Video?

• Unified platform

• COTS

• Segment Routing

• Cloud

• Orchestration

• Abstraction

• Service Awareness

• Software-defined (networks, workflows, apps)

5

Can you spot the hole?

BRKSPV-1102

© 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6

Alan WolkIndustry Analyst

“When HBO Go crashes during the season premiere of Game of Thrones, it’s not because the internet can’t handle all the traffic, it’s because the software solution can’t handle sudden spikes in traffic.”

BRKSPV-1102


Focus for Today

• Many steps to fix….

• Collapse infrastructure

• Introduce Cloud strategy

• Abstract workflows

• Public and private clouds

• Deploy and operate tooling

• Software App Architecture

7

• All software the same?

• Spectrum of Cloudiness

• Virtualization and Containers

• Case Study

• Future Transformed Video Architecture

BRKSPV-1102


Speaking the Same Language

• UCS – Unified Computing System

• COTS – Commercial-Off-the-Shelf

• NMS – Network Management System

• LXC – Linux Container

• CMS – Content Management System

• CDN – Content Distribution Network

• ABR – Adaptive Bit Rate

• HLS – HTTP Live Streaming

• DASH – Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP

• SDN – Software Defined Networking

• SLA – Service Level Agreement

• OS – Operating System

• HA – High Availability

• JITP – Just-in-Time Packaging

• VMR – Virtual Media Recorder

BRKSPV-1102

How did we get here?


Family Vacation!

10BRKSPV-1102


Packing for the trip!

11BRKSPV-1102


Does your video network look like this?

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True Story of “D”

13

Bespoke A/V

Bespoke NMS

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14

Bespoke A/V

Bespoke NMS

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15

Bespoke A/V

Bespoke NMS

Software?

Cloud?

How am I supposed to manage this?

Who knows how to configure xyz?

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16

Bespoke A/V

Bespoke NMS

Software?

Cloud?



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17

Bespoke A/V

Bespoke NMS

Software?

Cloud?



BRKSPV-1102


Example Desired Transition - vMS architecture

BSS 1

OSS 1

NMS /

EMS

HW

Sys

tem

sIn

frastr

uctu

re

BSS 2

OSS 2

NMS /

EMS

HW

BSS N

OSS N

NMS /

EMS

HW

…

Service

1

Service

2

Service

N

Orchestration

SDN

NFV

OSS / BSS

HW SW x86

VNF 1 VNF 2 VNF 3

Transition

Silos

E2E

BRKSPV-1102


Any Cloud

DC vs Media DC Trends

Programmable

InfraVirtualizationMicroservices

Containerization

2007 2010 2015 Future

Converged

Infra

2013

Mixed HW Silos Consolidate

Platforms/AppsCloud Environment

Hybrid

Cloud

?

19BRKSPV-1102


Application Architecture Progression

Silos / Appliances Virtualization CloudMicro Services

PaaS, Container Clusters

Independent,

dedicated app silos

Dependent SW +

HW relationship

Silos built to peak

IT driven

Server consolidation

App 1

HypervisorApp 2

Ap

p 1

Ap

p 2

App 3

Ap

p 3

Not a material driver for app re-

architecture; however…… enabled app teams to view

servers as cheap and

expendable

Scale out

SW / HW separation

HW responsibilities

move up the stack

All is programmable

Shared resources

VM as deployment unit

Dev centric

Lightweight container

as deployment unit

Similar architectural

tenants as cloud

Hypervisor Hypervisor

App 1App 2

App 3 App 1App 2

App 3

CloudPaaS

ContainersHypervisor

Cloud

BRKSPV-1102


Spectrum of Software Cloudiness

Bespoke

Appliance

Bare Metal

COTS

Virtualized

Apps

Cloud-Native

Apps

Performance

Operational Flexibility

?

21BRKSPV-1102


A story of 3 “cloud software” products

• Lift and shift = Cloud Tolerant

22

• Cloud ready – virtualized • Cloud Native – micro-services, stateless and decoupled atomic functions

BRKSPV-1102

Emergence of Container Technology for Video


Control Plane

Data Plane

Contribution Studio and Post Production Distribution

Security

Scheduler

Billing

User Mgmt

Middleware

MAM

CMS

Automation

Master Control

Transcoding

Packaging

Recording

CDN

Encoding

Scheduling

NMS

Content Factory

Routing

Switching

Editing

QC

All Video roads lead to Virtual Machines?

24BRKSPV-1102


Best of Both Worlds?

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Benefit Confluence

26

Bare Metal is great because:

Able to access HW directly

Performant (no HW emulation)

Full use of resources

VMs are great because:

Portability between hosts

Elasticity

Flexibility and Isolation of Apps

CONTAINERS

BRKSPV-1102


Virtual Machines are Fundamentally Different than Containers

Hardware

Operating System

Hypervisor

Virtual Machine

Operating

System

Bins / libs

App App

Virtual Machine

Operating

System

Bins / libs

App App

Hardware

Container

Bins / libs

App App

Container

Bins / libs

App App

HypervisorLinux Containers

Operating System

Each

App has

its own

OSApps

Share

OS

27BRKSPV-1102


Application Development

Kernel

Libraries

App App

App App

Old Way: Applications on Host

Kernel

Libraries

App

Libraries

App

Libraries

App

Libraries

App

New Way: Deploy Containers

28BRKSPV-1102


Virtual Machine vs Container

Virtual Machine Container

What is Virtualized? Hardware OS

Portability Between hardware Software

Overhead Medium Low

Time to Spin up Slow Very Fast

Best for: Running multiple OS on

Host

When performance, web-scale, and

density is important

Design Philosophy of

application

Full application on VM Micro-services per container,

DevOps friendly

Persistence Stateful, coupled with

filesystem

Stateless, decoupled with

filesystem

29BRKSPV-1102

Container Technology Primer


Linux Container (LXC) Technology Stack

• LXCs are built on modern kernel features

• cgroups; limits, prioritization, accounting & control

• namespaces; process based resource isolation

• chroot; apparent root FS directory

• Linux Security Modules (LSM); Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

• User space interfaces for kernel functions

31BRKSPV-1102


Linux cgroups: CPU Pinning

• Pin containers / jobs to CPU cores

• Carry out complex scheduling schemes

• Reduce core switching costs

• Adhere to SLAs

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Docker Build, Store, and Run Containers.

33BRKSPV-1102


Momentum for Containers (Docker)

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Docker Architecture Overview

35BRKSPV-1102


•Image Pull

•Creates a new container

•Allocates a filesystem

•Allocates a network and IP

•Executes

•Captures and provides output

36

Docker Engine Lifecycle Overview

BRKSPV-1102


Union File System

App Layer

Host OS Layer

OS Libraries

BRKSPV-1102


Kubernetes (K8s) manages Docker Containers

• Provides control plane for container environment

BRKSPV-1102


Kubernetes Architecture

K8s Master

Worker Node 1 Docker

PodContainer

Container

Container

PodContainer

Container

Container

PodContainer

Container

Container


PodContainer

Container

Container

PodContainer

Container

Container

PodContainer

Container

Container


PodContainer

Container

Container

PodContainer

Container

Container

PodContainer

Container

Container

BRKSPV-1102


K8S Key Components

• Kube-API-server – Validates and configures data for API objects

• Pods

• Services

• Replication Controllers

• Kube-Controller – Control Loop

• Kube-Proxy – Network interface

• Kube-Scheduler – Resource manager and policy

• Kubelet – Monitor and Enforcer (kubelet agent on nodes)

Master

API-server

Controller

Proxy

Scheduler

Node 1

Node 2

Node N

BRKSPV-1102


Containers, Pods, Nodes

K8s Master

Node

Pod

Container

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Worker Node

Service and Labels

Docker

Pod

App 2 -

Nginx

Service

ABC

PodApp 1 -

SQL

Service Construct

Pods Running Containers

Labels

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Worker Node

Node 1

PodApp 1 -

SQL

Node 2

Node 3

43

Replication Controller Maintains Pod Structure

Worker Node

Node 1

Pod

App 2 -

Nginx

PodApp 1 -

SQL

Node 2

Node 3

Worker Node

Node 1

Pod

App 2 -

Nginx

PodApp 1 -

SQL

XNode 2

Node 3

Worker Node

Node 1

Pod

App 2 -

Nginx

PodApp 1 -

SQL

X OR

Node 2

Node 3

Pod

App 2 -

Nginx

X

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Kubernetes HA Cluster

Master Node Cluster

Load-Balanced Nodes

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Redundancy is Now Native to Solution

• Old way

45

• New way

BRKSPV-1102


DevOps – the new normal?

• Only replace the micro-service needed

• Enabled by layered container architecture

• “Fail fast” philosophy

• Deploy, test small scale

• Rollback

• Deploy

• Feature Velocity

46BRKSPV-1102

What does this mean for Apps?


Recent Video App Development Trends

• App teams “skip” OpenStack for containers

• Migration from VMWare to container platforms

• Multi DC / hybrid / multi provider app deployment

• Top down approach / App CD tooling

• Container frameworks as the enabling platform

• Managed Platforms and Services

• Vendor solutions have matured

• Little appetite for DIY (time, talent, cost, risk)

• Let the app developers drive platform decisions

• Have an overarching platform to allow orchestration across any platform

48BRKSPV-1102


Video Processing Transformation

Applications

Orchestration

InfrastructureStorage NetworkCompute

IOS VOD cDVRTV VOD

Orchestration

IBC 2015: Virtualized Main Screen Functions

Live

Mux/Stat MuxxCode

IP VideoDPI

CES 2016: Video Headend Innovation

PackagingEncodingBandwidth

Optimization

BRKSPV-1102



50BRKSPV-1102



Optimization



51



Optimization

NAB 2016: Hybrid Cloud Orchestration

Service

Provider Cloud

Content

Provider Cloud

Hosted

Cloud

BRKSPV-1102


Container as Cloud Native Building Block for Data PlaneRequirement Container Answer

Web Scale Independent scaling Micro-

services

Dynamic Quickly spin up and down

Resiliency Load-balanced, stateless

design

Agility Fits squarely into CI/CD

model

Loosely coupled Micro-services for

independent atomic functions

Discovery Labeling of services

Overhead Minimal OS and libraries, no

hypervisor layer

Hybrid solutions Portability, APIs are first class

citizens

Guest

OS

Guest

OS

Hypervisor

Host OS

Infrastructure

Libs

Apps

Libs

Apps

Docker Engine

Host OS

Infrastructure

Libs

Apps

Libs

Apps

VM Containers

BRKSPV-1102

Case Study – Virtual Media Recorder (VMR)


Control Plane

Packager

DRM

JITP

Back OfficeScheduler

CDNRecorder

High Level cDVR Reference Architecture

Data Plane

54BRKSPV-1102


cDVR is Excellent Use Case for Containers

• BM or VMs per application

• “Pod” dimensioning and deployment model

• Not Dynamic

Old Way with Virtual Machines or Bare Metal

• Recorder bound by multiple constraints

• Redundancy model

• Users vs channels

• Upgrade/Maintenance downtime

Recorder

Storage

PlayoutSourcesScales By Channels

Scales By Channels

Scales By Users

55BRKSPV-1102


cDVR is Excellent Use Case for Containers

• Micro-services

• Granular model

• Dynamic, On-Demand services

New Way with Containers

• Atomic components of cDVR scale independently in stateless, self-healing container cluster

• Extreme feature velocity - CI/CD pipeline

Recorder

Storage

PlayoutSourcesScales By Channels

Scales By Channels

Scales By Users

56BRKSPV-1102


cDVR – Better with micro-servicesSources

JITP

Origin

Play1 Agent

Play2 Agent

1000+ Agents

ZooKeeper (ESB)

In-

Memory

DB

Recorder

Stream1

Stream2

Archive

Arch1 Agent

Arch2 Agent

1000+ Agents

Manifest

HBO Agent

ESPN Agent

1000+ Agents 1000+ Agents

57BRKSPV-1102


AUX

INGEST

RECORD

PLAYBACK DORM

DASH

UnicastDASH

Unicast

S3 API

AA

SR RA MA API

ZK UI DASH

CoreOS

Container OS

Kubernetes (K8)

Docker Container

VMR cDVR Micro-services Architecture

Control Plane

58BRKSPV-1102


Scaling Out VMR Control

Plane

. . . .

Host 1 Host N

Object

Storage59BRKSPV-1102

Where are we going?


D’s Journey

61

Bespoke A/V

Bespoke NMS

Step 1: Infrastructure Convergence

• Remove Bespoke

• Single HW Platform

BRKSPV-1102


D’s Journey

62


• Remove Bespoke


BRKSPV-1102


D’s Journey

63


• Remove Bespoke


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Converged Infrastructure

D’s Journey

64

Step 2: Application Convergence

• Orchestration Layer is Key

• Hybrid Clouds and SW Platforms

• Multi-Vendor

• Converged Tooling

BRKSPV-1102



D’s Journey

65




• Multi-Vendor


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D’s Journey

66




• Multi-Vendor


BRKSPV-1102


D’s Video Architecture – Solution Stack

67

UCS + Nexus

V2PC WorkFlow Orchestration

Containerized

vDCM

Containerized

VMP

Docker

On-Premise3rd Party

BRKSPV-1102


D’s Video Architecture – Hybrid Solution

68

V2PC WorkFlow Orchestration

VMR

BRKSPV-1102


Future: Fully Converged Micro-services Solution

Any Cloud

ABR CoreC

onte

nt

Pro

vid

ers

Unicast

via CDN

AB

R

Tra

nscoder

Lin

ear

Packag

er

AB

R

Tra

nscoder

VOD

Library

Altern

ate

Conte

nt

SS

cDVR

CDN

AB

R

TS

Lin

ear

AB

R

TS

VO

D P

um

p

JIT

P &

JIT

E

General Purpose Public or Private Cloud Compute

Sta

tmu

x

Scra

mble

Multic

ast

AB

R

vCM

TS

Micro-Service Edge

69BRKSPV-1102


Openstack and Containers - Can they work together?BRKSPV-1102


OpenStack on Kubernetes (SAP use case)

Control and Data Plane Split

Cisco UCS

Openstack

Kubernetes

CoreOS

F5

VMware

Bare MetalCisco ACI NetApp

Nova Neutron Cinder LBaaS

KVM

71BRKSPV-1102


Hurdles Still to Overcome

• Networking Complexity in Container Environment

• Security

• App Isolation

• Access to Host

• Adoption by Video Vendor Community

• Skill Set in Market

• Container Management Platform Evolution

72BRKSPV-1102


What to do about it?

I encourage you to :

1. Focus on software architecture, and not just the feature set.

2. Include SW architecture as a critical part of your decision-making process for future video solutions.

3. Make sure that containers are represented as a key piece of that architecture.

4. Ensure that the architecture will support hybrid cloud architectures.

73

?BRKSPV-1102

Wrap up


Key Messages

• Not all cloud software is the same!

• Cloud-native opens up new architecture and business possibilities

• Containers provide technology for true cloud delivery of services, because of:

• Web-scale design (resiliency, scale, elasticity)

• Micro-service apps enable true CI/CD and DevOps

• Cisco building solutions for orchestrated container-based, hybrid workflows

75

Service

Provider Cloud

Content

Provider Cloud

Hosted

Cloud

BRKSPV-1102


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76BRKSPV-1102

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Continue Your Education

• Demos in the Cisco campus

• Walk-in Self-Paced Labs

• Lunch & Learn

• Meet the Engineer 1:1 meetings

77BRKSPV-1102


Continue Your Education

• Related sessions

• DEVNET-2203: DevNet Workshop - Building a DevOps CICD Pipeline from Scratch: • Wednesday, Feb 22, 2:00 p.m. or Thursday, Feb 23, 10:00 a.m.

• DEVNET-2030/2123: Container Networking with Project Contiv• Wednesday, Feb 22, 5:00 p.m. or Thursday, Feb 23, 5:00 p.m.

• DEVNET-2058: Cisco Zeus: Monitoring as a Service • Thursday, Feb 23, 9:00 a.m.

• BRKSPM-2333: Leveraging Microservices and Containers to Fulfill the Promise of Auto-scale and Continuous Delivery in Service Provider Networks: • Thursday, Feb 23, 2:30 p.m.

• DEVNET-2042: DevNet Workshop - Getting Started with Containers• Thursday, Feb 23, 4:00 p.m.

78BRKSPV-1102

Thank You

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