Socrates:The Socratic Method

andHis Four Principles

Wednesday, April 20, 16

The Socratic Method

Definition: A technique of probing questions for the purpose of prodding, pushing, and provoking unreflective persons into realizing their lack of rational understanding of their own principles of thought and action, so that they can set out on the path of philosophical wisdom.

As used by Socrates, this method was a powerful tool for deflating inflated egos.

Wednesday, April 20, 16

The Socratic MethodTechnique: 1. Socrates asks a question that seems innocent and straightforward (the question is often put to a person who has claimed to possess special or expert knowledge of a subject).

2. The person offers a common-sense answer or definition.

3. Socrates then offers a counter-example that does not fit the definition given (this is to illustrate that the definition is incomplete, biased or uninformed).

4. The process continues until a suitable definition is constructed or until the two parties agree the subject is more complex than originally thought.Wednesday, April 20, 16

Four Principles of the Socratic Method

1. The unexamined life is not worth living.

2. There really are valid principles of thought and action which must be followed if we are to live good lives; if we are to be at the same time genuinely happy and genuinely good.

3. Truth lies within each of us, not in the stars, or in tradition, or in religion books, or in the opinion of the masses; each of us has within, however hidden, the true principles of right thinking and acting.

4. Although no one can teach anyone else about the fundamental principles of right action and clear thinking, some people (call them teachers, philosophers, etc.) can ask questions that prod men and women to begin the task of self-examination (these teachers may also be able to guide the process, at least in its early stages because they have been over the same ground themselves and know where the pitfalls arise).

Wednesday, April 20, 16

What about you?With which of the four principles to you agree? Why?

With which do you disagree? Why?

Do you think it is possible to follow all four principles? Why?

Do you think the Socratic Method is a successful method of inquiry? Why?

Wednesday, April 20, 16