socialization. genie a girl named genie was found in the united states in 1970. genie's father...

SocializationSocialization

GenieGenie• A girl named Genie was found in the United States in 1970. Genie's A girl named Genie was found in the United States in 1970. Genie's

father had kept her locked in a room from the age of 20 months father had kept her locked in a room from the age of 20 months until age 13. Genie was harnessed naked to an infant's potty seat until age 13. Genie was harnessed naked to an infant's potty seat and left alone for hours and days through the years. When she was and left alone for hours and days through the years. When she was remembered at night, she was put to bed in a homemade remembered at night, she was put to bed in a homemade straitjacket. There were no radios or televisions in the house, people straitjacket. There were no radios or televisions in the house, people spoke in hushed tones, and the only language Genie heard was an spoke in hushed tones, and the only language Genie heard was an occasional obscenity from her father. He hated noise, and if Genie occasional obscenity from her father. He hated noise, and if Genie made any sound her father would growl at her like a dog or beat her made any sound her father would growl at her like a dog or beat her with a stick. As a result of her confinement, Genie could not walk with a stick. As a result of her confinement, Genie could not walk and her eyes could not focus beyond the boundaries of her room. and her eyes could not focus beyond the boundaries of her room. She was malnourished, incontinent, and salivated constantly She was malnourished, incontinent, and salivated constantly [Curtiss, 1977].[Curtiss, 1977].

• Despite all this, when the psychologist Susan Curtiss first met her, Despite all this, when the psychologist Susan Curtiss first met her, Genie was alert, curious, and intensely eager for human contact. Genie was alert, curious, and intensely eager for human contact. When frightened or frustrated she would erupt into silent frenzies of When frightened or frustrated she would erupt into silent frenzies of rage--flailing about, scratching, spitting, throwing objects, but never rage--flailing about, scratching, spitting, throwing objects, but never uttering a sound. Aside from not speaking, her lack of socialization uttering a sound. Aside from not speaking, her lack of socialization was apparent in her behavior: She would urinate in unacceptable was apparent in her behavior: She would urinate in unacceptable places, go up to someone in a store and take whatever she liked of places, go up to someone in a store and take whatever she liked of theirs, and peer intently into the faces of strangers at close range. theirs, and peer intently into the faces of strangers at close range. Although Curtiss worked with her for several years, Genie never Although Curtiss worked with her for several years, Genie never developed language abilities beyond those of a 4-year-old, and she developed language abilities beyond those of a 4-year-old, and she ended up being placed in an institution.ended up being placed in an institution.

AnnaAnna

• Anna was born in Pennsylvania to an unwed Anna was born in Pennsylvania to an unwed mother. The mother’s father was so enraged at mother. The mother’s father was so enraged at Anna’s illegitimacy that the mother kept Anna in Anna’s illegitimacy that the mother kept Anna in a storage room and fed her barely enough to stay a storage room and fed her barely enough to stay alive. She never left the storage room or had alive. She never left the storage room or had anything but minimal contact with another anything but minimal contact with another human for five years. When authorities found her human for five years. When authorities found her in 1938, she was physically wasted and unable to in 1938, she was physically wasted and unable to smile or speak. After intensive therapy, Anna did smile or speak. After intensive therapy, Anna did make some progress. She eventually learned to make some progress. She eventually learned to use some words and feed herself. use some words and feed herself.

IsabelleIsabelle

• Isabelle was discovered in Ohio in the 1930s at Isabelle was discovered in Ohio in the 1930s at the age of six. She had lived her entire life in a the age of six. She had lived her entire life in a dark attic with her deaf-mute mother, after her dark attic with her deaf-mute mother, after her grandfather decided he couldn’t bear the grandfather decided he couldn’t bear the embarrassment of having a daughter with an embarrassment of having a daughter with an illegitimate child. He had banished both of them illegitimate child. He had banished both of them to the attic, where they lived in darkness and to the attic, where they lived in darkness and isolation. When Isabelle was discovered, she isolation. When Isabelle was discovered, she couldn’t speak. After about two years of intensive couldn’t speak. After about two years of intensive work with language specialists, Isabelle acquired work with language specialists, Isabelle acquired a vocabulary of about 2,000 words and went on a vocabulary of about 2,000 words and went on to have a relatively normal life. to have a relatively normal life.

The Importance of The Importance of SocializationSocialization

• Socialization: Socialization: the process of learning the process of learning to participate in a groupto participate in a group– Human social behavior we consider normal Human social behavior we consider normal

is learnedis learned•Ex. In the U.S. couples walk side by side, in Ex. In the U.S. couples walk side by side, in

India women will walk slightly behind the men.India women will walk slightly behind the men.

– Socialization begins at birth and continues Socialization begins at birth and continues throughout lifethroughout life•Without prolonged socialization children do not Without prolonged socialization children do not

learn basics like walking, talking, and loving.learn basics like walking, talking, and loving.

Harry HarlowHarry Harlow

• Designed an experiment to see the Designed an experiment to see the effects of social isolation on rhesus effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeysmonkeys– In one experiment Harlow separated infants In one experiment Harlow separated infants

from their mothers and exposed them to from their mothers and exposed them to two artificial mothers (made of wire but two artificial mothers (made of wire but comparable in size)comparable in size)•One of the substitutes had exposed wire on her One of the substitutes had exposed wire on her

body but was a source of foodbody but was a source of food•The other mother was warm and softThe other mother was warm and soft•The infants consistently chose the warm mother The infants consistently chose the warm mother

over the wire mother even thought the wire was over the wire mother even thought the wire was the source of foodthe source of food

Harry HarlowHarry Harlow• Harlow showed that infant monkeys need Harlow showed that infant monkeys need

intimacy, warmth, physical contact and intimacy, warmth, physical contact and comfortcomfort– Monkeys raised in isolation became distressed, Monkeys raised in isolation became distressed,

apathetic, withdrawn, hostile adult animalsapathetic, withdrawn, hostile adult animals•Never exhibited normal sexual patternsNever exhibited normal sexual patterns•As mothers they either rejected or ignored their As mothers they either rejected or ignored their

babiesbabies

• Experts believe that human infants have Experts believe that human infants have similar needs to that of the monkeys similar needs to that of the monkeys (emotional needs for affection, intimacy, (emotional needs for affection, intimacy, and warmth)and warmth)– Infants denied these needs have difficulty Infants denied these needs have difficulty

forming emotional ties with othersforming emotional ties with others

Mom and Grandfather Charged Mom and Grandfather Charged with Torturing Girl Found Chained with Torturing Girl Found Chained to a Bed to a Bed Sept. 1999Sept. 1999 • RIVERSIDE, California CNN The mother and grandfather of a RIVERSIDE, California CNN The mother and grandfather of a

6yearold girl who was found chained to a brass bed in a house 6yearold girl who was found chained to a brass bed in a house littered with feces and trash pleaded not guilty to three felony littered with feces and trash pleaded not guilty to three felony charges of child endangerment.charges of child endangerment.

• Cindi Topper, mother of victim Betty Topper, and Loren Bess, the Cindi Topper, mother of victim Betty Topper, and Loren Bess, the grandfather, were arraigned Thursday in criminal court on charges grandfather, were arraigned Thursday in criminal court on charges of torture, the infliction of great bodily injury and false of torture, the infliction of great bodily injury and false imprisonment of a child.imprisonment of a child.

• They were represented by a court appointed public defender, bail They were represented by a court appointed public defender, bail for each of them was set at 250,000 and they remain in custody.for each of them was set at 250,000 and they remain in custody.

• Betty Topper was taken to Loma Linda University Children's Betty Topper was taken to Loma Linda University Children's Hospital after authorities found her Tuesday chained to a bed post Hospital after authorities found her Tuesday chained to a bed post by what appeared to be a dog leash.by what appeared to be a dog leash.

• According to police, the girls mother said Betty was tied to the bed According to police, the girls mother said Betty was tied to the bed for five years.for five years.

• The girl remains in fair condition and doctors continue to assess The girl remains in fair condition and doctors continue to assess her developmental level.her developmental level.

Cont…Cont…• Authorities were tipped by an anonymous caller who described the Authorities were tipped by an anonymous caller who described the

house but gave no address. The caller said the child had not been house but gave no address. The caller said the child had not been seen for years.seen for years.

• Deputies from the Riverside County Sheriffs department searched Deputies from the Riverside County Sheriffs department searched door to door until, they said, the child's grandfather let them in.door to door until, they said, the child's grandfather let them in.

• There was trash floor to ceiling. There was human and animal There was trash floor to ceiling. There was human and animal feces everywhere, said Sgt. Perri Feinstein Portales. They made feces everywhere, said Sgt. Perri Feinstein Portales. They made their way to a back bedroom where they see a little girl, chained their way to a back bedroom where they see a little girl, chained by a dog leash to a brass bed with a harness around her waist. She by a dog leash to a brass bed with a harness around her waist. She had nothing but a diaper on. She had waist length hair and was had nothing but a diaper on. She had waist length hair and was covered with feces and filth.covered with feces and filth.

• She was extremely malnourished and pale, as if she had never She was extremely malnourished and pale, as if she had never seen the light of day. She cowered in a fetal position when officers seen the light of day. She cowered in a fetal position when officers tried to talk to her. Eventually she was smiling and stroking an tried to talk to her. Eventually she was smiling and stroking an officers hair when we transported her.officers hair when we transported her.

• In 1983, Topper was severely beaten by her former boyfriend, Ivan In 1983, Topper was severely beaten by her former boyfriend, Ivan Von Staich, after he killed her husband, beating him with a Von Staich, after he killed her husband, beating him with a hammer and shooting him three times. Cindi Topper was critically hammer and shooting him three times. Cindi Topper was critically injured in the attack and underwent two cranial surgeries.injured in the attack and underwent two cranial surgeries.

What do you think?What do you think?

• Do you think Betty Topper will ever Do you think Betty Topper will ever be able to overcome her be able to overcome her experiences?experiences?

• What do you feel the punishment What do you feel the punishment should be for her mother and should be for her mother and grandfather?grandfather?

Evaluating yourself…Evaluating yourself…

• Write a paragraph describing what Write a paragraph describing what you believe others think of you. Be you believe others think of you. Be honest!honest!

Socialization and the SelfSocialization and the Self

• Symbolic Interactionism and Symbolic Interactionism and Socialization Socialization – Charles Horton Cooley and George Charles Horton Cooley and George

Herbert MeadHerbert Mead•Human nature is a product of societyHuman nature is a product of society•Use 5 concepts to explain:Use 5 concepts to explain:

– The self conceptThe self concept– The looking glass selfThe looking glass self– Significant othersSignificant others– Role taking Role taking – The generalized otherThe generalized other


• Self Concept: image of yourself as having an Self Concept: image of yourself as having an identity separate from other peopleidentity separate from other people

• Looking Glass Self: self concept based on our Looking Glass Self: self concept based on our idea of others’ judgments of usidea of others’ judgments of us

– It’s the product of a 3-stage process and can be It’s the product of a 3-stage process and can be distorteddistorted

• We imagine how we appear to othersWe imagine how we appear to others• We imagine the reactions of others to our imagined We imagine the reactions of others to our imagined

appearanceappearance• We evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine We evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine

others have judged us.others have judged us.

• Some people are more important than others to Some people are more important than others to our looking glass self our looking glass self significant otherssignificant others


• Role Taking: assuming the viewpoint of Role Taking: assuming the viewpoint of another person and using that viewpoint another person and using that viewpoint to shape the self conceptto shape the self concept– Seeing ourselves through the eyes of othersSeeing ourselves through the eyes of others– Develops the ability through a process:Develops the ability through a process:

• Imitation stage: 18 months of age to 2 years oldImitation stage: 18 months of age to 2 years old– Imitation of the physical and verbal behavior of a Imitation of the physical and verbal behavior of a

significant othersignificant other

•Play stage: age 3-4Play stage: age 3-4– Child acts and thinks as they think the significant adult Child acts and thinks as they think the significant adult

would would

•Game stage: children anticipate the actions of Game stage: children anticipate the actions of others based on social rulesothers based on social rules

– During this you develop your self concept, attitudes, During this you develop your self concept, attitudes, beliefs, and valuesbeliefs, and values

Role Taking Cont…Role Taking Cont…

• In the game stage a person stops acting In the game stage a person stops acting the way the significant adult does but the way the significant adult does but acts out of principleacts out of principle– Ex. Being a honest person not because Ex. Being a honest person not because

Mom is honest but rather because it is Mom is honest but rather because it is wrong to be dishonestwrong to be dishonest

• Generalized other: result of the stagesGeneralized other: result of the stages– Integrated conception of the norms, values, Integrated conception of the norms, values,

and beliefs of one’s community or societyand beliefs of one’s community or society

Socialization and the Self: Socialization and the Self: The The SelfSelf

• Self= the “me” plus the “I”Self= the “me” plus the “I”– ““me” is the part of the self created me” is the part of the self created

through socializationthrough socialization•Predictability and conformityPredictability and conformity

– ““I” is the part of the self that accounts I” is the part of the self that accounts for the unpredictable, unlearned actsfor the unpredictable, unlearned acts

– The “me” usually takes the “I” into The “me” usually takes the “I” into consideration when making decisionsconsideration when making decisions

Open response…Open response…

• If not for rules and expectations, If not for rules and expectations, would you dress differently than you would you dress differently than you do? Would you be different than you do? Would you be different than you are?are?

How is this an example of the looking glass How is this an example of the looking glass self?self?

““No one can make you feel No one can make you feel inferior without your inferior without your

consent.”consent.”

Eleanor RooseveltEleanor Roosevelt

Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization

• The Family and SocializationThe Family and Socialization– Within the family a child learns to:Within the family a child learns to:

•Think and speakThink and speak

• Internalize norms, beliefs and valuesInternalize norms, beliefs and values

•Form basic attitudesForm basic attitudes

•Develop a capacity for intimate and personal Develop a capacity for intimate and personal relationshipsrelationships

•Acquire a self imageAcquire a self image


• Socialization in SchoolsSocialization in Schools– Supervision by non-relativesSupervision by non-relatives

•11stst impersonal relationship impersonal relationship

•Rewards and punishments based on Rewards and punishments based on performance not affectionperformance not affection

•Taught to be independentTaught to be independent

– Hidden Curriculum: informal and unofficial Hidden Curriculum: informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught aspects of culture that children are taught in schoolsin schools•Discipline, order, cooperation, and conformityDiscipline, order, cooperation, and conformity


• Peer Group SocializationPeer Group Socialization– Peer group: set of individuals of roughly Peer group: set of individuals of roughly

the same age and interests the same age and interests •Establish give and take relationshipsEstablish give and take relationships

•Self-direction, decision making, thinking, Self-direction, decision making, thinking, feeling, and behaving on their ownfeeling, and behaving on their own

•Social flexibilitySocial flexibility


• Mass Media and SocializationMass Media and Socialization– Mass Media: TV, radio, newspaper, magazines, Mass Media: TV, radio, newspaper, magazines,

movies, books, the Internet, tapes, and discsmovies, books, the Internet, tapes, and discs– 11stst introduction to culture for most children introduction to culture for most children – Acts as a role model and offers ideas on valuesActs as a role model and offers ideas on values– Negatives: violence (a 1998 study showed that Negatives: violence (a 1998 study showed that

by age 16 a child will have seen 20,000 by age 16 a child will have seen 20,000 homicides on TV)homicides on TV)• Studies also show that viewing aggressive behavior Studies also show that viewing aggressive behavior

increasing aggressive behaviorincreasing aggressive behavior

Questions:Questions:

1.1. List all the avenues of media that have List all the avenues of media that have played a part in your socialization.played a part in your socialization.

2.2. Some psychologists believe that peer Some psychologists believe that peer groups have more influence on later groups have more influence on later socialization than the family group. Give socialization than the family group. Give reasons why you agree or disagree. reasons why you agree or disagree.

3.3. Self Reflection: Which group do you feel Self Reflection: Which group do you feel is the most influential in the present is the most influential in the present stage of you socialization?stage of you socialization?

Do Now…Do Now…

• Do prisons rehabilitate or punish?Do prisons rehabilitate or punish?

Processes of Socialization Processes of Socialization

• How does desocialization prepare people for How does desocialization prepare people for new learning? new learning? – Total institutions: Total institutions: Mental hospitals, cults, and Mental hospitals, cults, and

prisonsprisons• Separated from society Separated from society

• Controlled and manipulated by those in chargeControlled and manipulated by those in charge

• Purpose is to change the resident Purpose is to change the resident

– Desocialization: Desocialization: people give up old norms, people give up old norms, values, attitudes and behaviorvalues, attitudes and behavior• Destruction of old self concepts of personal Destruction of old self concepts of personal

identity identity

Processes of SocializationProcesses of Socialization

• How does desocialization prepare How does desocialization prepare people for new learning?people for new learning?– Replace personal possessions to Replace personal possessions to

promote samenesspromote sameness•Serial numbers to identify people Serial numbers to identify people

Processes of SocializationProcesses of Socialization

• How does resocialization begin?How does resocialization begin?– Once the self concept has been brokenOnce the self concept has been broken– Resocialization: Resocialization: people adopt new norms, people adopt new norms,

values, attitudes and behaviorsvalues, attitudes and behaviors– Use a system of rewards and punishment to Use a system of rewards and punishment to

establish new conceptsestablish new concepts• Rewards like extra food, special Rewards like extra food, special

responsibilities, periods of privacyresponsibilities, periods of privacy

• Punishments: shaming, loss of special Punishments: shaming, loss of special privileges, physical punishments, isolation privileges, physical punishments, isolation

Processes of SocializationProcesses of Socialization• Anticipatory SocializationAnticipatory Socialization

– Preparing for new norms, values, attitudes, Preparing for new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviorsand behaviors•Doesn’t usually occur in prisons or mental Doesn’t usually occur in prisons or mental

hospitals b/c it is a voluntary changehospitals b/c it is a voluntary change

•Can happen with changes in one stage of your Can happen with changes in one stage of your life to anotherlife to another

– Ex. Teenagers: may abandon norms, values, attitudes, Ex. Teenagers: may abandon norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors and become new and behaviors and become new reference groupreference group

The group used to evaluate themselves and from The group used to evaluate themselves and from which they acquire attitudes, values, beliefs and which they acquire attitudes, values, beliefs and normsnorms

Pick a side…Pick a side…

• Do prisons rehabilitate or punish?Do prisons rehabilitate or punish?

socialization. genie a girl named genie was found in the united states in 1970. genie's father...

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