Social Studies

Grade 7 A, B, C

Authority & Power

• People who are empowered feel that they have a lot of control over their lives.

• Authority – gives a person the ability to make decisions in a particular situation

• Empowered – people who are empowered feel that they have a lot of control over their lives.

Authority Gives people Power!

• When people are in positions of authority, they have the power to affect the lives of others. There is a chance that people in authority might use their power in ways that are not fair.

• In Canada, our constitution protects us from being harmed this way. A constitution is a set of _________ that governments must follow.

Legal milestones in growing up

• As you get older, the law will give you the authority to have more and more power over your own life. The important thing to remember is that having power also means having the responsibility to use it wisely.

Personal Empowerment

• Personal Empowerment comes from having the ability to do something about your needs, wants, opinions, beliefs, and feelings. There are different ways to get this sense of empowerment.

• What are some ways you can gain personal empowerment in your own life?

Personal Empowerment

• Learn all you can – use school to your advantage • Know your rights & Responsibilities• Be proud of your heritage• Make friends• Know where to go for help• Get a job – Money & life experience • Volunteer • Know where to go for help

Review

• Economic Empowerment• Political Empowerment• Cultural Empowerment • Societal Empowerment • National Empowerment

Economic Empowerment

• Economics is the study of how people work to create wealth

• It includes how we produce, distribute, and consume goods and services.

• Economic empowerment comes from having enough wealth to take care of your needs

• In Canada wealth is distributed through a system where people work to earn money

Economic Empowerment continued…

• In this system people with less money may have fewer choices when it comes to needs such as food, shelter, clothing, and education.

Political Empowerment

• Politics is a general term for all the things we do to organize ourselves, settle disagreements, and make decisions in our schools, communities, and countries.

• Political empowerment comes from having a say in how things are organized and how decisions are made

Political Empowerment continued…

• To become politically empowered in any situation, you need to learn as much as you can about the issues, think for yourself about what you consider to be the best decision, and work to convince others to do what you think in right.

• How do we do this (make important decisions) in Canada?

Cultural Empowerment

• Culture is a way of life. It includes things such as language, food, clothing, as well such as important ideas such as spiritual beliefs.

• Canada has many different cultures. Canada is a multicultural country.

Cultural Empowerment continued…

• For a culture to stay strong, people need to remember their history, teach their language, and traditions to their children.

• One way to become culturally empowered is to stay active in your culture and learn all you can.

Societal Empowerment

• Society involves everything people do when they live, work, and play together in communities.

• Societal empowerment comes from all members of society being treated fairly and equally.

Societal empowerment continued…

• There are often groups in society with more power. This might happen because the group is larger or wealthier.

• Therefore it is important for people in authority to use their power wisely.

• Also important for individuals to speak up if they think something is unfair.

National Empowerment

• Nation is another word for country. National empowerment comes from a nation having the power to make decisions for itself.

• There are many important decisions that nations need to be able to make without other nations telling them what to do

National Empowerment

• Nations must be able to decide what to do with its natural resources.

• If there are conflicts in the world each nation must be able to decide for itself whether or not to go to war.

• Nations must use their power in responsible ways.

National Empowerment

• How can days like Canada day encourage national empowerment?

Living with Disempowerment

Disempowerment

• Who were the Home Children

Unit 2 -Distribution of WealthEconomic Empowerment

What will you learn in this unit?

• You will learn how economic systems work.

• You will learn how first nationals and Inuit economics worked in Canada.

• You will learn about the economic opportunities that attracted Europeans to North America.

In this unit, you will…

• Examine economies in the past (First Nations, Inuit, European Settlers)

• Investigate the issues of economic security and poverty

• Identify trends in economics that could affect your future (Story of Stuff – YouTube video)

What will you learn in this unit?

• How the Canadian economy has changed over time.

• You can use what you’ve learned in this unit to make plans for your own economic future.

Economic empowerment

• Economic empowerment means having enough money to meet your needs – and a little extra for special things you want.

• Another term for economic empowerment is economic security.

The purpose of an economic system is to answer 3 questions:

• What goods and services do people want and need?

• How can we produce theses goods and services?

• How will we distribute them?

The 3 Types of Economies

• 1) Pre-Industrial Economy – consisted of food and handmade goods

• 2) Industrial Economies – an economy that uses manufacturing technologies.

• 3) Post-Industrial Economy – Information services (phones, computers, etc) and manufactured goods

Pre-Industrial Economy

• Food & Handmade Goods

• Simple tools operated by human, wind, water or animal power

• Family farms or hunting groups

• Sharing, trading, or buying and selling

Industrial Economy

• The first industrial economy started in Europe. Industry is now part of economies in most regions of the world.

• Manufactured goods and natural resources such as minerals

Industrial Economy… continued

• Mostly buying and selling

• Big factories

• Mechanical tools such as steam and gas engines

Post-Industrial Economy

• Information services and manufactured goods

• Big and small companies

• Computers and the internet

• Mostly buying and selling

Economies of the First Nations and Inuit Economies

• Time immemorial - for as long as anyone can remember from the stories passed on by elders.

• Economies of the First Nations and Inuit Economies depend on the natural resources available in the region.

Terms

• Aboriginal- "living in a land from earliest times" – in other words the first people of a region.

• Maritimes – the region of land with the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island

• Atlantic Canada – Includes all maritime provinces plus Newfoundland and Labrador

Three Groups of Aboriginal People in Canada

• The Inuit – mostly in Quebec and Labrador, (where the climate is too cold for trees to grow)

• First Nations – First peoples of the rest of the land that is now Canada; includes Mikmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, and Innu

• Metis – The children of either Inuit or First Nations women and European Traders.

Beliefs

• All Inuit and First Nations societies have similar beliefs about the use of land and natural resources. They believe:

1. people and nature are not separate2. people are part of a natural system that

includes all of nature

Beliefs Continued

• The land is seen as the source of life, and must be used wisely to ensure survival for future generations.

• Respect and prayer is used to show give thanks for the resources.

• In most First Nation and Inuit communities they had things that were very different from today, for Example:

• 1)everyone helped with the production, and everyone shared equally in what was produced.

• 2) First Nations and Inuits did not have Private Ownership- No individual had control over nay land.

NewcomersEuropeans arrive c1500

•Europeans left their homelands because:

1. wanted to own more land2. to spread their religion3. for individual economic opportunities

Fish

• The first resource to attract Europeans to North America was fish. Fist was an important part of the European diet.

• Most Europeans consumed a lot of fish because of their religious beliefs. They could only eat fish and not meat on specific holidays.

Furs

• Europeans quickly learned about the quality of furs in North America. In particular, beaver pelts were in great demand in Europe for making hats.

• Europeans traded goods such as blankets and firearms for furs trapped by First Nation Hunters

The Impact of their arrival (contact)

• Both groups realized they could benefit from each other: Europeans interested in furs, and First Nations were interested in metal knives and pots. This was the beginning of the fur trade.

Contact in the Maritimes

• There were some conflicts between First Nations and Europeans from the beginning. They made treaties to help them get along in the future

• Treaty – an agreement between two or more nations to settle issues.

Treaties

• Between 1717-1779 many treaties were signed. They were called the Covenant Chain of Treaties or The Treaties of Peace and Friendship

Results of the Treaties

• 1) First Nations agreed to act peacefully to British

• 2) British agreed to respect First Nations rights.

• 3) First Nations did not agree to give up land or Natural resources to Britain.

• 4) These treaties are still in force today.

Effects of The Fur Trade

• First Nations economies changed because of the fur trade.

• They now started to hunt for more furs to trade for the goods they wanted.

• The animal population was becoming to low for people to get what they needed

Effects of European Settlement

• Large numbers of newcomers began arriving, First Nations did not see it as a big problem, at first. They were used to sharing the land. However:

• European private ownership was something new to them, and did not mix well with their traditional economies

Effects of European Settlement

• Forest were being cut down

• Fewer good hunting areas due to developments

• Europeans taking over land near waterways that provided important food sources.

The Effects of Europeans

• Europeans were not sharing the land, they were taking more of it for themselves.

• Many Europeans felt their economic, political, and cultural ideas were superior to First Nation ideas

• **None of this is what the First Nations had expected when they agreed to the treaties.

Chapter 3 – Economic Security

• Capitalism – a society where goods and services are distributed through buying and selling. Also, individuals can become as wealthy as they can.

Basic idea of Capitalistic Economies

• 1) Goods and services people need and want are produced by private companies to make a profit for that company.

• 2) People usually buy what they want and need with wages they receive from working for or owning companies

Comparing Socialism and Capitalism

• Socialism - A society where the government should own and control major industries.

Capitalism

• Individual freedom is highly valued• Production of good and services is in the

hands of individuals• Whether not people can meet their needs

depends on their wealth• Competition is important to help create

wealth and improve society

Socialism

• What is best fir the group is more important than individual freedom

• Production of Good and Services is with Government

• Every person should receive enough to meet their needs

• Co-operation is important to help create wealth and improve society

Is the issue black & white?

• Few countries are entirely capitalist or socialist, for example Canada is based on Capitalism, but offers some government programs to those in need

Important Terms

• Capital – the money and other things invested in or "put into" a company to start it up and keep it running.

• Profit – is the money the business makes after being repaid for the investment and paying expenses.

• Entrepreneur – is a person who gets an idea to start up a business.

Understanding Poverty

• Poverty – when the cost of meeting its basic needs is higher than its income.

• Standard of living – is a measure of how much buying power a family has.

Understanding Poverty

• Economic Security – when your income is more than the cost of your basic needs.

• Quality of Life – all the other things we need and want that money can't buy.

Economic Security

• When part of an economic system changes it can cause major changes positive or negative:

• Positive – new business can bring economic growth, jobs etc.

• Negative – if a business shuts down people lose jobs, this can cause a….. (See next slide)

Poverty Cycle

• Poverty Cycle – when the same events keep happening over again, with the same results. Once you have reached the point where you don’t have enough income to meet your needs, its hard to get what you need to improve your way of life.

Poverty Cycle Examples:

• People living with poverty often have health issues, and have trouble finding meaningful employment.

• People don’t have cars to travel to work or to search for new work.

Building Personal Capital

• Personal Capital – includes anything you have that can help you improve your economic situation.

• Examples of personal Capital: savings, property, skills, or materials

Economic Security

• Down payment – paying a portion of the cost of something like a house when purchasing it up front.

• Mortgage – The money borrowed to purchase gig items like a house.

Aspects of a mortgage:

• The family owns part and the bank owns part.• each month the family makes payments• As each payment is made, they own more of

the house• At a certain point of time (ex. 20, 25, or 30

years) the mortgage expires and you now own the house.

Chapter 4 - Preparing the Future

• You should know…What are the 4 types of employment sectors, and be able to explain them.

Kinds of Jobs…

• Economists categorize the kinds of work people do into groups. These groups are called sectors.

• There are four main economic sectors: Primary Sector, Secondary Sector, Tertiary Sector, and Quaternary Sector

Primary Sector

• Work in this sector involves harvesting or extracting natural resources.

• Examples of this sector include farming, fishing, forestry, and mining.

• This kind of work formed the base of economies in all societies for thousands of years.

Secondary Sector

• Work in this sector is mostly construction or manufacturing. Construction involves building things such as homes, office towers, and bridges.

• In manufacturing, raw materials are turned into useful products.

Tertiary Sector

• People working in this sector provide services to others. Examples include salespeople, bus drivers, medical professionals, actors, teachers, and government workers.

Quaternary Sector• The most recent economic sector to develop

involves working with ideas and information. • One kind of job in this sector is work in

laboratories to research new ideas and create new products.

• Examples include computer programmers, systems analysts, and computer operators.

What is a diversified economy ?

• An economic system that has a good balance of jobs in all sectors.

• Why might having a diversified economy be a good thing? What might happen to an economy is there is only one economic system and that system shuts down?

What is meant by a Global Economy?

What are the 4 types of economies?

What is meant by forecasting? Why is it used in Economics

Social Trends, Forecasting & Demographics