SOCIAL SECURITY OF (MIGRANT) SEASONAL WORKERS

BENEFICIARY PARTY REPORT CROATIA

Final version

by

Prof. dr. Grega Strban

Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana

The views expressed in this report are under the responsibility of the author and do not

necessarily reflect the position of the Council of Europe

Ljubljana, Spring 2010

1

1. Purpose and scope of the report

Beneficiary Parties of the IPA Social Security coordination and Social Security Reforms

Programme, among them Croatia, expressed an interest in managing labour migration by

exploring the social security coverage of domestic, and especially migrating seasonal

workers.

It should be noted that there are several policy measures to manage labour migration.

Quite often so called pre-entry controls are exercised e.g. setting of quotas, demanding

work and residence permits, requiring a labour market test etc. After entering the country

the question of integration of migrants in the life of the society of a country of destination

is emphasised. Also special rules might be in force for so called return migration, which

might be voluntary or involuntary.

There are also several kinds of migration. Focus of the present report is on temporary and

circular migration, advantages of which for all the concerned parties (migrant worker,

countries of origin and destination) are emphasised especially in the last decade (although

it has existed before). More specifically the focus is on one of the groups of temporary

workers, i.e. seasonal workers. The conditions of entry to the Croatian labour marker are

briefly presented and their social security position is analysed. It might be the same as

domestic seasonal workers. However, the question is do (migrant) seasonal workers have

limited, restricted or unlimited access to all social security schemes and benefits. And if

not, should they have it. Somewhat less attention will be paid to irregular (illegal)

migrant workers, since this topic was already researched in a rather detailed manner.1

Apart for the Beneficiary Parties’ specific reports, common regional report has been

prepared. It analyses temporary and especially seasonal migration and access to social

security Beneficiary Parties are required to provide according to the international and

European legal standards. It also presents some of the best practices already indentified in

the literature.1 Pieters, Danny, Schoukens, Paul, Illegal labour migrants and access to social protection. European journal of social security, No. 3/2004, p. 229-254.

2

Gratitude should be expressed to the responsible persons in Croatian institutions for

kindly providing valuable information for this report and SSCSSR team for perfect

organisation.

2. Characteristics of seasonal work

2.1. Season period

In Croatia, majority of seasonal work seems to be performed in summer and autumn

months, i.e. in between the months of April and September. The majority of seasonal

employment in 2009 was registered in the coastal area. From 25.183 seasonal workers,

more than half (13.879 workers) were employed in the counties (županija) with

connection to the Adriatic sea, i.e. 2.251 Istarska, 2.007 Primorsko-goranska, 344 Ličko-

senjska, 1.802 Zadarska, 1.771 Šibensko-kninska, 3.568 Splitsko-dalmatinska, 2.136

Dubrovačko-neretvanska county. A considerable number of seasonal workers was

employed in the northern part of Croatia in the flatland agricultural and partially also

tourist area (8.582 workers), i.e. in Bjelovarsko-bilogorska (1.245), Virovitičko-

podravska (1.443) Požeško-slavnoska (496), Brodsko-posavska (916), Osječko-baranjska

county (2.545), Vukovarsko-srijemska (1.937) county.

2.2. Number of seasonal workers

Hence, according to the number of seasonal workers in certain activities, the single

largest group was employed in the sector of providing accommodation and food

preparation (12.632 workers, more than half of the total number of employed persons in

this sector). They were followed by the commerce and vehicle service sector (2.763

workers) and agriculture, forestry and fishery (2.479 workers). Among the occupations of

seasonal workers, the majority were salespersons (2.282 workers or 9.1 percent of all

seasonal workers), followed by waiters (1.883, 7.5 percent), maids 81.845, 7.3 percent),

3

cleaners (1.810, 7.2 percent), workers in the kitchen (1.573, 6.2 percent), cooks-chefs

(1.361, 5.4 percent), cook assistants (798, 3.2) and others (all below 3 percent).2

2.3. Migrant seasonal workers

Majority of them seem to be domestic seasonal workers. According to the Croatian

Foreigners Act3 seasonal worker is a foreign citizen with permanent residence in home or

other country and a contract with an employer whose seat is in Croatia of performing

certain work in determined time period.

The Government sets an annual quota of work permits until the end of October for the

next calendar year. This quota includes prolongation of already issued and new work

permits. The proposal to the Government is prepared by the Ministry of Economy,

Labour and Entrepreneurship after receiving the opinions of the employment agency,

chambers of commerce, chamber of trades and crafts and social partners. Quota is not

simply administratively set, but has also a migration policy and labour market

connotation.

With annual quotas of work permits activities, professions for which employment is

admissible, and the number of workers are set. Also a quota for seasonal employment

might be set with the annual quota of work permits.4 Work permit for seasonal work may

be issued only within the set quota. An employer may demand a work permit at the police

office, presenting the employment (or other) contract, information on the working place

or nature of work and work conditions, qualifications of the foreigner, prove of company

registration in Croatia and on duly paid taxes and social security contributions.

Additionally, an employer must justify employment of the foreigner.

2 Complete charts are in the Annex 1 of the present report. 3 Zakon o strancima, Official Gazette Nr. 79/07 and 36/09.4 Article 118 of the Foreigners Act.

4

Quotas for seasonal employment have been set with governmental decisions for the years

2005,5 20096 and 2010.7 For the year 2005 the quota of 400 work permits for seasonal

employment in the construction has been determined and 256 work permits have actually

been issued. In the year 2009 the number has remained unchanged, but the sector was

modified, i.e. 400 work permits for seasonal employment have been allowed in the

agriculture for ancillary workers for the cultivation and harvesting (although only 12

were actually issued). Additionally 10 more work permits have been allowed (and de

facto issued) in the tourist area for diving instructors. For the year 2010 the quota has

been reduced to only 20 work permits (all for diving instructors). Some argue that the

situation for migrant (also seasonal) workers has changed also due to the recent economic

crisis and modified migration policies of the countries.8

According to the country of origin, the vast majority of seasonal worker in 2005 were

from the neighbouring Beneficiary Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (249 out of 256).

Other workers were from the Beneficiary Parties of Serbia and Montenegro (7).9 In 2009

ancillary workers for the cultivation and harvesting were from other Beneficiary Parties,

i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina (5), Macedonia (3) and Serbia (2). Two were also from

Romania. Diving instructors were from the EU Member States, i.e. Czech Republic, the

Netherlands, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. For 2010 half of the quota of work permits

for seasonal employment (i.e. 10) have already been issued for diving instructors from

Czech Republic (5), Germany (4) and Slovak Republic (1).

Work permit for seasonal work may be issued for the time of the season but maximum

for six months. It may not be renewed.10 Seasonal worker must reside for at least six

months outside of Croatia before he/she could again entry and temporary reside in the

Croatia in order to perform seasonal work.

5 Odluka o utvrđivanju godišnje kvote radnih dozvola za zapošljavanje stranaca za kalendarsku godinu 2005, Official Gazette No. 185/04.6 Published in Official Gazette No. 21/09.7 Published in Official Gazette No. 150/09.8 OECD, Interview with Georges Lemaitre, OECD international migration expert on recent migration trends in the European Union, OECD, 2010.9 At that time common state of Serbia and Montenegro.10 Articles 125 of the Foreigners Act.

5

To obtain residence permit, according to the Foreigners Act and Health Insurance of

Foreigners Act any person applying for temporary residence permit has to be health

insured either in Croatia, or in the country with which Croatia concluded a bilateral social

security agreement. Additionally, temporary residence of seasonal workers (and daily

migrants) does not count towards the possibility of obtaining permanent residence permit,

and he/she is not allowed to apply for temporary residence permit for another purpose

and family members of a seasonal worker may not be granted a temporary residence

permit for the purpose of family reunion. Special rules might apply to foreigners coming

from a European Economic Area (EEA) Member State.

2.4. Migrant self-employed persons performing seasonal work

According to the Foreigners Act, self-employed person might receive a business permit.

It might be issued to a founder or a co-founder (with at least 51 percent share) of a

company, entrepreneur, freelancer, or a foreigner providing services in the name of

foreigner employer.

Similar conditions as to employed seasonal workers apply to self-employed persons

regarding the residence permit. They too must show proper health insurance.

It seems that it is also possible that seasonal work is performed on the grounds of civil

law contract, without a person performing it has to be registered as self-employed person.

However, there are no exact figures of how many self-employed and other persons

perform seasonal work in Croatia on the basis of a civil law contract.

2.5. Grey/black work in the season

It is argued that seasonal work is quite often performed as grey or black work in Croatia.

There were over 5.000 detected unregistered workers (among them over 20 per cent

6

foreigners) in 2004 and 2005. In 2006 and 2007 there were less than 3.000 unregistered

workers, nearly half of them foreigners). In 2003 there were 2215 irregular workers

(among them app. 40 percent foreigners). There is no information, how many of them

were actually performing seasonal work.

As gray/black work might be even more expressed in other countries of the region, a

special report within the predecessor of this program, i.e. CARDS-SISP program was

prepared on the possible measures to fight undeclared work.11

3. Social security of migrant seasonal workers

Access of (migrant) seasonal worker to social security schemes and benefits may depend

on his/her labour status and coverage of various economically active groups in the social

security system. Traditionally, the best protection is provided to workers with full-time

employment contracts concluded for an indefinite period of time. Hence, even if migrant

seasonal worker is allowed to be economically active in the destination country, he/she

might not enjoy effective social security.

It seems that seasonal workers in Croatia usually conclude a fixed-term employment

contract. Migrant seasonal workers may conclude an employment contract for the period

of duration of the seasonal activities, but not longer than 6 months per calendar year.

Employer who concludes an employment contract for the period which does not

correspond to the season may be sanctioned. Every employment or other contract with a

foreigner has to be registered with the police within 15 days after issuing of a work

permit.

The situation might be a bit distinct for home seasonal workers. They might be allowed to

conclude an indefinite employment contract, with unequally distributed working time, i.e.

working overtime in the season and less in the off-season. Of course, limitations (e.g. 11 C.f. Pieters, Danny, Bringing to the surface black and grey work, A study on social security strategies to fight undeclared work, Leuven, 2007.

7

daily rest) of the Labour act (in force since the beginning of 2010)12 have to be taken into

account.

3.1. Access to health care

There seem to be no specific provisions in the Croatian Mandatory health insurance act13

that would apply to employed seasonal workers. They are not enumerated in the personal

scope of the application of this act. Hence, they are mandatory health insured and enjoy

equal rights to health care as any other employed person. As a rule, all employed persons

have unlimited access to health care in the period when they are health insured, and up to

30 days after their health insurance expires.

Since they are performing work only during the season and migrant workers for a limited

period of up to six moths, they may have restricted access to certain benefits, especially

those for which prior insurance period is required. For instance, if seasonal worker had no

prior insurance in Croatia or in the country with which Croatia has concluded a bilateral

social security agreement, he/she might not be entitled to orthopaedic and other

appliances or prosthetics from mandatory health insurance. An eligibility condition is

uninterrupted insurance of 12 months or 18 months with interruptions in the last two

years,14 which might be difficult to meet by the seasonal workers.

The same prior insurance period is required for the entitlement to sickness cash benefit. If

it is not met, an insured person is entitled to the sickness cash benefit only in the amount

of 25 percent of the so called budgetary basis.15

These conditions might be easier to meet by domestic seasonal workers than migrant

seasonal workers. Domestic seasonal workers might be mandatory health insured as

persons with residence or permitted permanent residence in Croatia, who are not insured

12 Official Gazette No. 149/09.13 Official Gazette No. 150/08, 94/09 and 153/09.14 Article 19 of the Mandatory health insurance act.15 Article 43 of the Mandatory health insurance act.

8

on any other basis, or as family members of an insured person.16 Migrant seasonal worker

cannot obtain permanent residence permit and may not have family members in Croatia

(there is also no right to family reunion).

It seems that migrant seasonal workers are in principle not entitled to health care in their

home country, while insured in Croatia (and from Croatian health insurance carrier). In

order to receive emergency health care in their home country they are required to be

health insured in Croatia in the same period, and to obtain additional health insurance for

travelling abroad. The situation might be different, if bilateral social security agreements

are taken into account.

It should be mentioned that special act is regulating health insurance rights in case of

employment injuries and occupational diseases. It seems that from the beginning of 2011

a special Institute will become the carrier of this insurance (until then it is the Croatian

Health Insurance Institute).

Similar rules might apply to self-employed seasonal workers. They are treated equally as

other self-employed persons, as long as they pay mandatory health insurance

contributions. However, they might not be entitled to sickness benefit for the first 42 days

(since they do not have an employer, who has to cover this period for workers), and if

they perform agricultural activity.

According to the Mandatory health insurance act, persons with civil law contract can pay

health insurance contributions, and subsequently be health insured on this basis, if they

have residence or permanent stay permit in Croatia. Therefore, this would exclude most

migrants for having access to health care on the basis of civil law contract. However, they

might be health insured as foreigners, if they apply for health insurance and pay monthly

contributions. Such voluntary access to mandatory health insurance is possible, but

probably not very likely for migrant seasonal workers. They usually come to the

16 Articles 6 and 8 of the Mandatory health insurance act.

9

destination country with a purpose to earn as much money in the season and reduce all

other (optional) costs.

It seems that all foreigners in Croatia have access to urgent health care, even if they

perform seasonal work unregistered. However, if they do not have health insurance they

have to pay for health care. Only, if they are not able to pay for urgent medical treatment,

this might be covered by the Croatian budget.

3.2. Access to pension and invalidity benefits

In Croatian pension insurance, the old age pension (starosna mirovina) may be claimed at

65 years (men) and 60 (woman),17 with at least 15 years of pension period. This pension

period might be more difficult to achieve for workers with fixed-term employment

contract, who experience interruptions in their career path. However, the provisions of

the Pension Insurance Act18 might be favourable for seasonal workers. Periods in

seasonal employment, when overtime work has been performed are calculated as an

average of full working time. Hence, more days, weeks, months may be calculated in the

pension period as actually spent working (while exceeding full working time).

There is an interesting solution inserted in Pension Insurance Act and Labour Act for

seasonal workers, which seems to be applied since 2002. It is a possibility of voluntary

prolonged pension insurance in mandatory pension insurance scheme for persons, who

are no longer mandatory insured, if they lodge a claim within the next 12 months. It

seems that this could be done by the seasonal worker him/herself or by his/her employer.

In the later case a contract on the fixed-term work for permanent seasonal employment

might be concluded between the worker and the employer. After ending of this contract

17 According to the judgment of Croatian Constitutional Court retirement ages for men and women should be equalised by the year 2018 (probably the age for women will be raised, rather then the age for men reduced, as this is tendency in many European states). 18 Zakon o mirovinskom osiguranju, Official Gazette No. 102/98, 127/2000, 59/01, 109/01, 147/02, 117/03, 30/04, 177/04, 92/05, 79/07 and 35/08.

10

the employer has to pay pension insurance contribution during unemployment and until

the next season. Employer’s interest might be demonstrated with the desire to employ the

same worker (e.g. a very good chef) also in the next season. In case the worker would not

come back in the next season without a justified reason, employer might claim

reimbursed of the paid contribution from the worker.

(Migrant) seasonal workers might be in a more precarious situation also with other

benefits where certain insurance period is required, e.g. in case of invalidity, or their

family members in case of his/her death. However, they might be entitled to these

benefits without prior insurance period, if invalidity or death was caused by an

employment injury or occupational disease. Workers (or their family members) suffering

loss of income due to work are historically considered as more deserving. Hence no prior

insurance is usually required.

3.3. Access to unemployment benefit

It seems that there are no special provisions for (migrant) seasonal workers in the

Croatian unemployment insurance. However, for the entitlement to an unemployment

benefit, an insured worker has to collect at least nine months of employment (and thus

insurance) in the two years preceding the unemployment. This might be more difficult to

achieve for seasonal workers, and especially migrant seasonal workers, who have to leave

Croatia for at least six months in every calendar year. So they might be entitled to an

unemployment benefit every second year.

There is also no access to unemployment insurance for self-employed (seasonally active)

persons. In some other countries, e.g. Slovenia self-employed persons might join

voluntary insurance on a voluntary basis.

11

3.4. Access to family benefits and social assistance

It seems that family members of the seasonal workers enjoy the same family benefits as

other covered persons. One of the conditions is that they have completed at least three

years of uninterrupted residence in Croatia.

This condition might be quite difficult to achieve by the migrant seasonal workers. They

have no right to family reunion and they are not allowed to stay in Croatia for more than

six months per calendar year.

Additionally, migrant seasonal workers might not be entitled to social assistance. It is

usually granted only to Croatian citizens and stateless persons with permanent residence

in Croatia. Foreigners with permanent residence might also be entitled to social

assistance. However, everyone else, also migrant seasonal worker might exceptionally

and only temporary under certain conditions be entitled to social assistance.19

4. Special bilateral agreements for seasonal workers

In bilateral social security agreements Croatia has concluded with other states, seasonal

workers are as a rule not specifically mentioned.20 It means that the same rules as for all

other workers should be applied. This might not always be in their best interest, for

instance when in one state actual insurance period is calculated to exceed actual work

according to the calendar, only the later is taken into account. This provision might apply

to seasonal workers, who work more than full working time, which is then recalculated to

the full working time in order to establish pension period.

19 Article 11 of the Social Assistance Act (Zakon o socijalnoj skrbi), Official Gazette No. 73/97, 27/01., 59/01., 82/01., 103/03. 44/06 and 79/07).20 On the overview of bilateral agreements Rismondo, Mihovil, Zbirka ugovora o socialnom osiguranju, Narodne novine, Zagreb, 2007. C.f. also Strban, Grega, The existing bi-and multilateral social security instruments binding EU States and non-EU States. In: Pieters, Danny (ur.), Schoukens, Paul (ur.), The Social Security Co-Ordination Between the EU and Non-EU Countries, Intersentia (Social Europe series, vol. 20), Antwerpen, Oxford, 2009, p. 85-113.

12

However, there seems to be special agreement for seasonal work concluded between

Croatia and Germany. It mainly regulated the right to resided and work of Croatian

seasonal workers in Germany, mainly in the fields of agriculture, accommodation and

tourism. Seasonal employment in Germany has a long tradition, which may be traced

back into the period of the two World Wars.

At the time of fist Yugoslavia the flow of emigration turned towards Western European

Countries, especially France and Germany. Among emigrants, rural seasonal workers

from the labour pools of Prekmurje (Slovenia) and Medjimurje (Croatia) prevailed. A

relatively large portion of seasonal workers also went to work within Yugoslavia

(Slavonija, Banat, Bačka, Baranja). In 1939, a total of 13.359 seasonal workers worked in

Germany, France and southern Yugoslavia.

Special agreements on the hire of seasonal workers were concluded in 1928 and 1939

between the first Yugoslavia and Germany. Both determined the organisation, departure

and return of workers, with employment contract samples being attached in the annex (a

more specific one in the first agreement, and a more general one in the second). In 1939,

an agreement on permanent rural workers and the regulation on medical examination

were also made. In both cases, Germany as the destination state had the last word,

especially in defining annual quotas which fluctuated from one year to another, given that

the 1930’s, as well as being politically turbulent, were also the years of the Great

Depression.21

5. Some conclusions and possible suggestions

It should be emphasised that Croatian social security system is fully fledged, modernised

and operates quite well. Many changes have been introduced recently and changes will

have to be introduced in the future. The rule of law principle demands from the

21 C.f. Drnovšek, Marjan, Jugoslovansko-nemška sporazuma o sezonskem delu med svetovnima vojnama, Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino, Kresalov zbornik, 1/2006, p. 219-234.

13

legislature to adapt social security system to ever changing relations in the society. This

way social security law is (ad has to be) one of the most rapidly changing areas of law.

However, certain modifications could be introduced also to improve the social security of

domestic and especially migrant seasonal workers, who have to leave Croatia after six

months and can not built up insurance period, which is in certain cases required to open

access to certain social security benefits.

Maybe it would be wise to shorten the required insurance period, in order to enable

access to benefits also to migrant workers, for instance in mandatory health insurance

(requiring e.g. only five or six months of pervious insurance). It might also be considered

to shorten the required pension period (e.g. from 15 to 5 years) in order to open

entitlement to an old age pension. Also previous insurance in unemployment insurance

scheme could be shortened in order to allow access to unemployment benefit already

after several months. At the same time, an option could be given to self-employed

persons, who are sometimes very similar to workers, to join the unemployment insurance.

In this case certain provisions would have to be inserted in order to determine when the

self-employed person ceased his/her activity from objective reasons.

Seasonal workers are productive members of the society and should be treated equally as

other economically active persons, with access to all social security benefits (in

proportion to their working time and length of employment).

14

Annex: Statistical data

Prikaz broja zaposlenih radnika u Djelatnosti pružanja smještaja te pripreme i usluživanja hrane

po godinama

Godina Ukupno Sezonski

2004. 19530 112402005. 21530 12667

2006. 22228 12519

2007. 22235 12864

2008. 20249 12244

01.01. – 30.09.2009. 18752 12593

Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova: državljanstvo stranaca kojima su izdane radne

dozvole za sezonsko zapošljavanje:

2005

ARMIRAČ      BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA            38 ARMIRAČ     SRBIJA I CRNA GORA              1 BETONIRAC    BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA            58 BETONIRAC    SRBIJA I CRNA GORA              1 RUKOVODITELJ GRAĐEVIN. STROJEVIMA BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA    8 RUKOVODITELJ GRAĐEVIN. STROJEVIMA SRBIJA                 1 TESAR             BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA            73 ZIDAR             BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA            72 ZIDAR             SRBIJA I CRNA GORA              4  

2009

INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  ČEŠKA                           3INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  NIZOZEMSKA                      1INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  NJEMAČKA                        4INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  SLOVENIJA                       1INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  AUSTRIJA                        1POMOĆNI RADNIK ZA UZGOJ I BERBU      BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA             5POMOĆNI RADNIK ZA UZGOJ I BERBU      MAKEDONIJA                      3POMOĆNI RADNIK ZA UZGOJ I BERBU      RUMUNJSKA                       2POMOĆNI RADNIK ZA UZGOJ I BERBU      SRBIJA                          2

2010

INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  ČEŠKA                           5INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  NJEMAČKA                        4

15

INSTRUKTOR RONJENJA                  SLOVAČKA                        1

Zaposleni s evidencije na sezonskim poslovima po županijama tijekom mjeseci 2009.     

Županija Ukupno  (01) ZAGREBAČKA 155  (02) KRAPINSKO-ZAGORSKA 183  (03) SISAČKO-MOSLAVAČKA 856  (04) KARLOVAČKA 569  (05) VARAŽDINSKA 323  (06) KOPRIVNIČKO-KRIŽEVAČKA 301  (07) BJELOVARSKO-BILOGORSKA 1.245  (08) PRIMORSKO-GORANSKA 2.007  (09) LIČKO-SENJSKA 344  (10) VIROVITIČKO-PODRAVSKA 1.443  (11) POŽEŠKO-SLAVONSKA 496  (12) BRODSKO-POSAVSKA 916  (13) ZADARSKA 1.802  (14) OSJEČKO-BARANJSKA 2.545  (15) ŠIBENSKO-KNINSKA 1.771  (17) SPLITSKO-DALMATINSKA 3.568  (18) ISTARSKA 2.251  (19) DUBROVAČKO-NERETVANSKA 2.136  (20) MEĐIMURSKA 163  (21) GRAD ZAGREB 172  (24) VUKOVARSKO-SRIJEMSKA 1.937  Ukupno 25.183            Zaposlene osobe na sezonskim poslovima po djelatnostima tijekom mjeseci 2009.     

Djelatnost NKD 2007 Ukupno  (A) Poljoprivreda, šumarstvo i ribarstvo 2.479  (B) Rudarstvo i vađenje 20  (C) Prerađivačka industrija 1.982  (D) Opskrba električnom energijom, plinom, parom i klimatizacija 30  (E) Opskrba vodom; uklanjanje otpadnih voda, gospodarenje otpadom te djelatnosti sanacije okoliša 274  (F) Građevinarstvo 490  (G) Trgovina na veliko i na malo; popravak motornih vozila i motocikala 2.763  

16

(H) Prijevoz i skladištenje 454  (I) Djelatnosti pružanja smještaja te pripreme i usluživanja hrane 12.632  (J) Informacije i komunikacije 23  (K) Financijske djelatnosti i djelatnosti osiguranja 160  (L) Poslovanje nekretninama 92  (M) Stručne, znanstvene i tehničke djelatnosti 363  (N) Administrativne i pomoćne uslužne djelatnosti 1.801  (O) Javna uprava i obrana; obvezno socijalno osiguranje 387  (P) Obrazovanje 86  (Q) Djelatnosti zdravstvene zaštite i socijalne skrbi 84  (R) Umjetnost, zabava i rekreacija 457  (S) Ostale uslužne djelatnosti 573  (T) Djelatnosti kućanstava kao poslodavaca; djelatnosti kućanstava koja proizvode različitu robu i obavljaju različite usluge za vlastite potrebe 25

 (U) Djelatnosti izvanteritorijalnih organizacija i tijela 7  Ukupno 25.183            Zaposlene osobe na sezonskim poslovima po najbrojnijim zanimanjima od I. do VI. 2009.     

Zanimanje Broj PostotakUkupno 25.183  (5220213) prodavač 2.282 9,1(5123133) konobar 1.883 7,5(9132121) sobarica 1.845 7,3(9132111) čistačica 1.810 7,2(9132211) kuhinjski radnik 1.573 6,2(5122123) kuhar 1.361 5,4(5122112) pomoćni kuhar 798 3,2(9320131) radnik na proizvodnoj liniji 674 2,7(5123112) pomoćni konobar 586 2,3(4190154) administrativni službenik 513 2,0(4222124) recepcionar 485 1,9(9212111) šumski radnik 296 1,2(9211421) poljoprivredni radnik 284 1,1(9211111) ratarski radnik 282 1,1(4221314) hotelijersko-turistički službenik 239 0,9(9133111) pralja 233 0,9(9330411) skladišni radnik 229 0,9(8322143) vozač lakog dostavnog vozila 225 0,9

17

(4121214) ekonomski službenik 214 0,8(5220232) prodavač u kiosku i tržnici 203 0,8     

NEZAKONITO (ILEGALNO) ZAPOSLENI PREMA PODACIMA DRŽAVNOG INSPEKTORATA 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 državljani RH 3987 4046 1431 1479 1335 stranci 1218 1373 1284 1377 880 UKUPNO 5205 5419 2715 2856 2215

18