social networks and ideological movements in history : burning and the rise of english protestantism...
TRANSCRIPT
Social Networks and
Ideological Movements in History:
Burning and the Rise of English Protestantism
Andrew P. Roach & Paul Ormerod
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
English Monarchs
Henry VIII 1509 – 1547
Edward VI (minor) 1547 – 1553
Mary I “Bloody Mary”1553 – 1558
Elizabeth I 1558 – 1603
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
1. How contemporaries thought of martyrdom as a way of influencing popular opinion
2. Weighted scale free networks to assess importance of burnings
a) in population at large
b) among reform minded “activists”
Protestant Preambles in % of wills
Durham York Hull Northants Canterbury London
Year Diocese Diocese Town County Diocese City
1547 - 1553 7 - 8 7 - 8 17 7 - 8 32
1553 - 1558 6 6 4 7 - 8 20
1558 - 1568 49
1566 - 1569 23
1558 - 1570 31 31
Source: R Whiting Local Responses to the English Reformation (London 1998)
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
Conversion Model characteristics
• (Weighted) scale-free network – 500 individuals• Individual switches when > 2/3 of influence is in
rival camp• Assumed - Catholic 92%; Reformed Protestant
7%; Freewiller (Other) 1%• 500 solutions
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
• Figure 1Percentage of population who end up as Catholics. Initially, 92 per cent are Catholic, 7 per cent Reformed Protestant and 1 per cent Freewiller. Initially everyone, including the most influential individuals, is allocated at random to these categories in the respective percentages
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
01
00
20
03
00
percentage of population who are Catholics
fre
qu
en
cy
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
• Figure 2 Percentage of population who end up as Catholics. Initially, 92 per cent are Catholic, 7 per cent Reformed Protestant and 1 per cent Freewiller. Initially everyone, except the most influential 0.2 per cent of individuals, is allocated at random to these categories in the respective percentages. The most influential 0.2 per cent are allocated as Reformed Protestants.
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
05
01
00
15
0
percentage of population who are Catholics
fre
qu
en
cy
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
• Figure 3 Percentage of population who end up as Catholics. Initially, 92 per cent are Catholic, 7 per cent Reformed Protestant and 1 per cent Freewiller. Initially everyone, except the most influential 0.4 per cent of individuals, is allocated at random to these categories in the respective percentages. The most influential 0.4 per cent are allocated initially as Reformed Protestants.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
02
04
06
08
01
00
percentage of population who are Catholics
fre
qu
en
cy
Social networks and ideological movements in History:
burning and the rise of English Protestantism
Conclusions1. If no burnings then England may well have
remained Catholic2. Persecuted Protestants were right: Burnings
helped conversion(not enough to make majority BUT enough people now likely to consider switching to weaken traditional religion)
3. Martyrdom of leading Reformed Protestants marginalised competing Protestant groups
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
Social networks and ideological movements in History: burning and the rise of English Protestantism
“Be of good comfort Master Ridley and play the man. We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace in England, as I trust shall never be put out.”
Hugh Latimer
Social networks and ideological movements in History:
burning and the rise of English Protestantism
• Andrew P Roach – Lecturer in History University of Glasgow
• Paul Ormerod – Director, Volterra Consulting
Social networks and ideological movements in History:
burning and the rise of English Protestantism
Further Reading• E. Duffy The Stripping of the Altars 2nd ed.
(Cambridge, 2005)• F. Heal, Reformation in Britain and Ireland,
(Oxford, 2003)• P. Ormerod & A.Roach ‘The medieval inquisition:
scale-free networks and the suppression of heresy’, Physica A, 339 (2004), 645-52.
• R. Whiting Local Responses to the English Reformation (London, 1998)
• “Foxe’s Book of Martyrs” online at: http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/johnfoxe/index.html
Social networks and ideological movements in History:
burning and the rise of English Protestantism
Copies of presentation to be found at:
www.history.arts.gla.ac.uk/staff/roach.htm