Research. Education inAsia, 16(3), 152-158.Jain, N. C., Matukumalli, A. (2014). The Functions of Silence in India: Implications for Intercultural CommunicationResearch. In M. K.Asante,Y. Miike & J.Yin (Eds.), The Global Intercultural Communication Reader (Second Edition)(pp. 248-254). NewYork: Routledge.Jain, S., Singh, A. K. (1998). ha Series No.106). ha.Jayawardena, R. D. K. (1986). Communication Theory: The Buddhist Viewpoint. MediaAsia, 13(1), 29-31.Jayaweera, N. (1986). Communication Theory and Advaita Philosophy. Retrieved October 7, 2014, fromhttp://ss.lankahost.net:http://ss.lankahost.net/~nevillej/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78:advaita-and-communication-theory&catid=17&Itemid=134Jayaweera, N. (1988). Some Tentative Thoughts on Communication Theory and Advaita Vedanta. In W. Dissanayake(Ed.), Communication Theory: TheAsian Perspective (pp. 56-68). Singapore:AMIC.Konsky, C., Kapoor, U., Blue, J., & Kapoor, S. (2001). Religion and Communication:AStudy of Hinduism, Buddhism,and Christianity. Intercultural Communication Studies, 10, 235-252.

Advances in the History of Rhetoric, Vol. 10, 19-42.Lloyd, K. (2007b). Rethinking Rhetoric from an Indian Perspective: Implications in the Nyaya Sutra. Rhetoric Review,Vol. 26, No. 4, 365–84.Lloyd, K. S. (2015). The Rhetoric of Performance in India: The Confluence of Nyaya Vada (logic) and Sadharanikaran(performance) in Past and Present Discourses. Foreign Language and Literature Research, Vol.01, No.2, 88-99.LohoChoudhury, B., Bhattacharyya, K.K. (2014). Communication from Indian Perspective with Special Reference toNatyashastra. DEV SANSKRITI: Interdisciplinary International Journal, Vol. 04, 62-72.Muni,A., 'Saras', S. S. (2000). Sachitra (Illustrated)Acharanga Sutra (Book Two). Delhi: Padma Prakashan.Sanyal, J. (1983). Guide To Indian Philosophy. Calcutta: Sribhumi Publishing Company.Silverman, C. (2015). Lies, Damn Lies and Viral Content: How News Websites Spread (and Debunk) Online Rumors,Unverified Claims and Misinformation. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://towcenter.org:http://towcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/LiesDamnLies_Silverman_TowCenter.pdfStroud, S. R. (2009). Hindu Communication Theory. In K. A. Stephen W. Littlejohn, Encyclopedia of CommunicationTheory (pp. 476-477). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.Thirumalai, M. S. (2002). Language Use in Buddhism. Language in India, Vol. 2. Retrieved July 7, 2015 fromhttp://languageinindia.com: http://languageinindia.com/oct2002/buddhismandlanguage.html

'Indian Communication Thought' refers to “the scholarly academic field of study devoted to the understanding of thecommunication phenomenon from the Indian socio-ethno-cultural and, in particular, from the Indian philosophicalpoint of view” (Bhattacharyya, 2016b, p. 124).Several scholars of Indology have tried to establish the presence of another heterodox school in ancient India since thestart of the last century. Basham (1951) refers to this philosophical system as “Äjivikism”. However, inadequacy ofinformation deprives us of clarity regarding the exact details of philosophical system.The word 'communicatee' to the authors' understanding may be ably used in relation to the word 'communicator' in theEnglish lexicon as is the case with the words, 'addresser' and 'addressee'. Thus, 'communicator' refers to 'anyone whocommunicates' while 'communicatee' refers to 'anyone to whom something is communicated'. (LohoChoudhury &Bhattacharyya, 2014, p. 72)

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Jaina Literature and Philosophy: A Critical Approach (Pārśvanātha Vidyāpī

Varanasi: Pārśvanātha Vidyāpī

Lloyd, K. (2007a). A Rhetorical Tradition Lost in Translation: Implications for Rhetoric in the Ancient Indian NyāyaSūtras.

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Endnote

In recent years social media emerged and established as the main platform for publiccommunication, debate and discussions. No person, group or media can ignore the presence andinfluence of social media. Celebrities and politicians use social media to convey their message,unite their supporters, and mobilize the mass. The trends of social media affect the agenda of thesociety and headlines and lead stories of mass media also. Social networking sites provide forumfor organizations to garner support on various issues of socio-political importance. In recent year'ssocial media has been utilized to sensitize the people on various issues such as human rightsviolation, women equality, save girl child, cleanliness, global warming, environmental protectionand many more. One such issue in our society is child rights and protection of children that hasbeen overlooked in previous years and needs attention and support of people. This research isconducted on social networking pages of Child Rights and You (CRY) with a view to know theuses of social networking sites by non-governmental organizations and how far social networkingsites awakened the today's people in expressing their views on child rights. Study was conductedon the updates of February month on the walls of cry.org, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter,YouTube and Google+.

Abstract:-

Key Words :-

'The advent of social media istransforming the way in which people connectwith each other and the manner in whichinformation is shared and distributed'.(deity.gov.in). Social media can be defined asonline platform where users can create and sharecontents and participate in the discussions,debates and interactions. It provides uniqueopportunity to its users to express without anyobstacle or barriers.

Connectedness, collaboration andcommunity are three important C of social media.Social media provides 24x7 connectedness andlike-minded people can connect and re-connecton domains and topics of their interest. Statusupdates, likes, comments, tweets, retweets aresome of the examples of unending connectednessof social media. This achieved connectednessenable users to create and sustain communities.These communities have firm role in creatingawareness, sensitization, and mobilization andcan be used for seeking inputs in policy making,

building good relations, and seeking feedback onany issue.

With increasing use of variousnetworking sites social media is emerged as apowerful plateform to sway public opinion and togenerate mass support. Social media includesdifferent online palteforms of interaction. Kaplanand Haenlein (2010) have classified social mediainto six different types; Collaborative projects(Wikies), Blogs and Microblogs (Twitter),Content communities (Vlogs and video sharingsites- Youtube), social networking sites(Facebook), Virtual game worlds, and Virtualsocial worlds.

Social media has been exponential in itsgrowth. Radio took 38 years, TV 14 years,Internet four years, iPod three years to reach 50million people, whereas Facebook added 100million users in less than nine months. As on 31March 2014 around 251.59 million people wereusing Internet through wired, wireless, andmobile wireless connections in our country

st

r Associate Professor, Department of Mass Communication,Assam University, Silchar- 788 011E-mail- raghava74mishra@gmail.com

SOCIAL MEDIA AND PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS:A STUDY OF ONLINE INITIATIVE OF CRY

r Dr. Raghavendra Mishra

CRY, Child rights, Social Media

INTRODUCTION

16

October - December 2016

17

®…“�b˜™…… ®…“®……∆∫……

October - December 2016

( ). Out of total Internet usersaround 50% are using social media. An averageIndian spends around five hours accessingInternet and out of total time around 40% is spenton social media. Though, only one out of fiveIndians is using Internet together it is a big andeffective number because most of users belong tomiddle class and youth population; enthusiasticto participate in change and adoption of newthings. 'The role of social media in the creation ofwhat is called 'shared awareness' is immense.This awareness can be used for politicalmobilization as witnessed in 2001 in theimpeachment trial of Philippines PresidentJoseph Estrada, One million signature campaignto secure women's rights in Iran, Jasminerevolution of Tunisia or the Arab spring,movements in India and Bangladesh recently etc.'(Yojana editorial, 2013, p.03) 'Social media is animportant new tool for promoting social andpolitical change. Social media allows eyewitnessaccounts to be made widely available andexpands access to information. Reporting is nolonger confined to traditional sources ofjournalism. Through social media informationhas spread faster and farther, available now tolocal, regional and global audiences. In thecontext of human rights movements, this elementof spreading messages and bringing attention to acause is crucial' (Yeaza (2014), p. 644)

According to the front page of theNational Commission for Protection of ChildRights (NCPCR) the child can be defined as anyperson between 0 to 18 years of age group. Thecensus of India defines child as any person belowthe age of 14 years (censusindia.gov.in). This 14years age ceiling is acknowledged by most ofcentral and state government agencies to coverthe person under children welfare schemes. Thechildren are considered as the future of anysociety and in our population the 0-14 years agegroup children cover 33% of total population; animportant number for welfare and futureplanners.

This age group is considered as the most

vulnerable age in the life of a person. Consideringthe deprived and vulnerable conditions ofchildren they have been given privileged status inour constitution and in various laws. TheApprenticesAct 1961 mentions 14 years of age asqualification for engagement as apprentice.Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006, TheJuvenile Justice (care and protection of children)Act 2000 have also been implemented tosafeguard and for the welfare of the children.

The constitution of India with its severalprovisions ensures the fulfilment of basic needsand protection of child rights as the basic humanrights. Article 15 (3), Article 21 (A), 23 & 24, 39(f), 45, 51 (k), 243 (G), are some mentioning inthe constitution that impose responsibility on theshoulders of state to safeguard the interests,development and future of children.

Besides, United Nations Convention ofthe Rights of Child is also in very detail, with its54 articles guide governments and agencies howto safeguard and protect children and how tosecure their overall development. Theconvention, as declared on the UNICEF page, isconsidered as 'most rapidly and widely ratifiedinternational human rights treaty in the history'( ). Adopted in 1989 and inforce since 1990 the convention gives right tolive, think, live with parents, free movementacross borders to meet parents, accessinformation, express their opinion, developmentetc to the children all over the world. But, despiteof all efforts form different stakeholders thechildren are facing exploitation both inside andoutside the walls of the home. The sensitivity ofthe people and the approach of them to thechildren are very crucial in this regard.

The primary objective of the currentstudy is to find out the density, intensity and usesof social networking sites by organizationsworking in the field of child rights. It has alsomade an attempt to get information about howpeople are supporting and taking responsibilitytowards ensuring the vision of equal rights of allchildren. The study also aims to study the patterns

Defining Child and Protective Provisions

Objectives and Methodology

www.trai.gov.in

www.unicef.org/crc/

of uses of Social Media platform byprofile/organization committed for protection ofChild Rights. The present study is based on theanalysis of social media plateforms used by selectorganization to communicate with the public.The study is based on social networking sites andtheir updates about “CRY” from the month ofFebruary'16. From the select month the postswere counted and presented in frequency andpercentage. Finally contents are analyzedqualitatively.

CRY is commonly abbreviated for ChildRights andYou which is a non-profit organisationlike any other NGOs in India aims to restorechildren's rights. CRY was established in 1979(http://www.cry.org/about-cry/history.html) andthe organisation partners with grass-roots Non-governmental organisations to uplift thousandsof Indian children denied basic children's rights.CRYoperates through more than 1000 volunteersand more than 30 projects across India. It has firmpresence overseas also including Western Europeand North America. CRY is engaged in policy

consultancy, research, awareness campaigns, anddevelopment through projects, promotion ofresearch on child rights and many other activitiesin interest of children. CRY is selected because ofits reputation and strength to utilize technologyfor the cause. CRY has used social mediaplatforms to garner support of the public. In theyear 2013 its Election Advocacy Campaign 'Votefor Child Rights' was a massive success andstudents from 50+ colleges supported thecampaign through online and college activities(Annual Report, p 4).

From this research, the researcher hasfound out that in the month of Feb'16, updatesrelating to CRY in the Tweeter page was 76, 46posts in Instagram, 26 posts in Facebook, 2 postsin YouTube, 0 posts in Google+, Pinterest andblog.cry.org. The following are the data obtainedfrom the research.

Sample Organization- CRYANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OFDATA

a) Type of Updates

Updates wise variety of newsfeeds wereobserved in all the walls. We can see that most of

Table 1

Figure 1

18

®…“�b˜™…… ®…“®……∆∫……

October - December 2016

19

October - December 2016

( ). Out of total Internet usersaround 50% are using social media. An averageIndian spends around five hours accessingInternet and out of total time around 40% is spenton social media. Though, only one out of fiveIndians is using Internet together it is a big andeffective number because most of users belong tomiddle class and youth population; enthusiasticto participate in change and adoption of newthings. 'The role of social media in the creation ofwhat is called 'shared awareness' is immense.This awareness can be used for politicalmobilization as witnessed in 2001 in theimpeachment trial of Philippines PresidentJoseph Estrada, One million signature campaignto secure women's rights in Iran, Jasminerevolution of Tunisia or the Arab spring,movements in India and Bangladesh recently etc.'(Yojana editorial, 2013, p.03) 'Social media is animportant new tool for promoting social andpolitical change. Social media allows eyewitnessaccounts to be made widely available andexpands access to information. Reporting is nolonger confined to traditional sources ofjournalism. Through social media informationhas spread faster and farther, available now tolocal, regional and global audiences. In thecontext of human rights movements, this elementof spreading messages and bringing attention to acause is crucial' (Yeaza (2014), p. 644)

According to the front page of theNational Commission for Protection of ChildRights (NCPCR) the child can be defined as anyperson between 0 to 18 years of age group. Thecensus of India defines child as any person belowthe age of 14 years (censusindia.gov.in). This 14years age ceiling is acknowledged by most ofcentral and state government agencies to coverthe person under children welfare schemes. Thechildren are considered as the future of anysociety and in our population the 0-14 years agegroup children cover 33% of total population; animportant number for welfare and futureplanners.

This age group is considered as the most

vulnerable age in the life of a person. Consideringthe deprived and vulnerable conditions ofchildren they have been given privileged status inour constitution and in various laws. TheApprenticesAct 1961 mentions 14 years of age asqualification for engagement as apprentice.Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006, TheJuvenile Justice (care and protection of children)Act 2000 have also been implemented tosafeguard and for the welfare of the children.

The constitution of India with its severalprovisions ensures the fulfilment of basic needsand protection of child rights as the basic humanrights. Article 15 (3), Article 21 (A), 23 & 24, 39(f), 45, 51 (k), 243 (G), are some mentioning inthe constitution that impose responsibility on theshoulders of state to safeguard the interests,development and future of children.

Besides, United Nations Convention ofthe Rights of Child is also in very detail, with its54 articles guide governments and agencies howto safeguard and protect children and how tosecure their overall development. Theconvention, as declared on the UNICEF page, isconsidered as 'most rapidly and widely ratifiedinternational human rights treaty in the history'( ). Adopted in 1989 and inforce since 1990 the convention gives right tolive, think, live with parents, free movementacross borders to meet parents, accessinformation, express their opinion, developmentetc to the children all over the world. But, despiteof all efforts form different stakeholders thechildren are facing exploitation both inside andoutside the walls of the home. The sensitivity ofthe people and the approach of them to thechildren are very crucial in this regard.

The primary objective of the currentstudy is to find out the density, intensity and usesof social networking sites by organizationsworking in the field of child rights. It has alsomade an attempt to get information about howpeople are supporting and taking responsibilitytowards ensuring the vision of equal rights of allchildren. The study also aims to study the patterns

Defining Child and Protective Provisions

Objectives and Methodology

www.trai.gov.in

www.unicef.org/crc/

of uses of Social Media platform byprofile/organization committed for protection ofChild Rights. The present study is based on theanalysis of social media plateforms used by selectorganization to communicate with the public.The study is based on social networking sites andtheir updates about “CRY” from the month ofFebruary'16. From the select month the postswere counted and presented in frequency andpercentage. Finally contents are analyzedqualitatively.

CRY is commonly abbreviated for ChildRights andYou which is a non-profit organisationlike any other NGOs in India aims to restorechildren's rights. CRY was established in 1979(http://www.cry.org/about-cry/history.html) andthe organisation partners with grass-roots Non-governmental organisations to uplift thousandsof Indian children denied basic children's rights.CRYoperates through more than 1000 volunteersand more than 30 projects across India. It has firmpresence overseas also including Western Europeand North America. CRY is engaged in policy

consultancy, research, awareness campaigns, anddevelopment through projects, promotion ofresearch on child rights and many other activitiesin interest of children. CRY is selected because ofits reputation and strength to utilize technologyfor the cause. CRY has used social mediaplatforms to garner support of the public. In theyear 2013 its Election Advocacy Campaign 'Votefor Child Rights' was a massive success andstudents from 50+ colleges supported thecampaign through online and college activities(Annual Report, p 4).

From this research, the researcher hasfound out that in the month of Feb'16, updatesrelating to CRY in the Tweeter page was 76, 46posts in Instagram, 26 posts in Facebook, 2 postsin YouTube, 0 posts in Google+, Pinterest andblog.cry.org. The following are the data obtainedfrom the research.

Sample Organization- CRYANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OFDATA

a) Type of Updates

Updates wise variety of newsfeeds wereobserved in all the walls. We can see that most of

Table 1

Figure 1

18

October - December 2016

19

®…“�b˜™…… ®…“®……∆∫……

October - December 2016

the updates in twitter are text-cum-video updatesi.e. 73.4% and 26.6% of updates are text only.There are no video, picture and pic-cum-videoupdates in twitter. In the page of Instagram, 100%posts are picture updates.

And in the Facebook wall, 96% updates aretext-cum-video updates and 3.8% updates arepicture updates. There are no text, video and pic-cum-video updates in facebook page. In theYoutube page, 100% updates are video updates.And there are no post in the walls of Google+,Pinterest and blog.cry.org. As data shows we cansay that CRY is using Facebook, Twitter,Instagram and Youtube regularly while use ofother social media sites are not so common.

While studying the subject wise variety ofupdates in all the walls, the given data has foundout that out of 76 updates in twitter, 55.2%updates are related to organizational activities,19.65%updates are relating to the Budget 2016,

17.03% updates are about support to CRY and7.86% updates are personal information. Thereare no political comments or updates in the twitterpage.

In the Instagram wall, 45.57% updates areabout organizational activities, 32.55% arerelated to support for CRY, 2.17% are related toBudget 2016, 19.53% updates are related topersonal information, and no updates related topolitical comments.

In the Facebook wall, out of 26 updates57.6% updates are related to the organizationalactivities, 23.04% updates are for support forCRY, 11.52% updates are about Budget2016 and3.84% each about personal and politicalcomments.

In the YouTube page, 50% of updates areabout Organizational activities and 50% updatesare related to support for CRY and no updatesregarding Budget2016, Personal information andPolitical comments. In the pages of Google+,

b) Subject wise ProfileAnalysis

Pinterest and blog.cry.org we can see that thereare no updates. Here, we can say that CRY usespopular social media plateforms to show case itsactivities and to generate support from the onlinecommunity.

While studying the nature of post in all thewalls, the data was found. In the twitter page,35.37% posts are informative, 24.89% posts areabout mobilizing support, 18.34 posts areinspirational, and 11.79% posts are promotionaland6.5% each about personal and criticism posts.

In the Instagram page, 21.7% posts areabout both Informative and mobilizing support.19.53% posts are promotional, 17.36% areInspirational, 10.85 are about personal posts and

8.68 posts are about criticism. In the Facebookpage, 30.72% posts are about mobilizing support,23.04% posts are informative, 15.36% posts arepromotional, 11.52% posts are inspirational, and7.68% each about personal and criticism posts. Inthe Youtube page, 50% posts each relating toInspirational and Promotional. No posts in thewalls of Google+, Pinterest and blog.cry.org. wasfound. Therefore it can be said that CRY exploressocial media plateforms to inform its people,mobilizing them to support initiatives of theorganization and inspire them by efforts of it.

The table shows that 58.95% posts in thetwitter wall are self origin, 39.3% posts arereferred to link and 1.31% post is shared

c) Nature of Posts

d) Origin of the Post

Table 2

Figure 2

Table 3

Figure 3

Table 4

20

®…“�b˜™…… ®…“®……∆∫……

October - December 2016

21

October - December 2016

the updates in twitter are text-cum-video updatesi.e. 73.4% and 26.6% of updates are text only.There are no video, picture and pic-cum-videoupdates in twitter. In the page of Instagram, 100%posts are picture updates.

And in the Facebook wall, 96% updates aretext-cum-video updates and 3.8% updates arepicture updates. There are no text, video and pic-cum-video updates in facebook page. In theYoutube page, 100% updates are video updates.And there are no post in the walls of Google+,Pinterest and blog.cry.org. As data shows we cansay that CRY is using Facebook, Twitter,Instagram and Youtube regularly while use ofother social media sites are not so common.

While studying the subject wise variety ofupdates in all the walls, the given data has foundout that out of 76 updates in twitter, 55.2%updates are related to organizational activities,19.65%updates are relating to the Budget 2016,

17.03% updates are about support to CRY and7.86% updates are personal information. Thereare no political comments or updates in the twitterpage.

In the Instagram wall, 45.57% updates areabout organizational activities, 32.55% arerelated to support for CRY, 2.17% are related toBudget 2016, 19.53% updates are related topersonal information, and no updates related topolitical comments.

In the Facebook wall, out of 26 updates57.6% updates are related to the organizationalactivities, 23.04% updates are for support forCRY, 11.52% updates are about Budget2016 and3.84% each about personal and politicalcomments.

In the YouTube page, 50% of updates areabout Organizational activities and 50% updatesare related to support for CRY and no updatesregarding Budget2016, Personal information andPolitical comments. In the pages of Google+,

b) Subject wise ProfileAnalysis

Pinterest and blog.cry.org we can see that thereare no updates. Here, we can say that CRY usespopular social media plateforms to show case itsactivities and to generate support from the onlinecommunity.

While studying the nature of post in all thewalls, the data was found. In the twitter page,35.37% posts are informative, 24.89% posts areabout mobilizing support, 18.34 posts areinspirational, and 11.79% posts are promotionaland6.5% each about personal and criticism posts.

In the Instagram page, 21.7% posts areabout both Informative and mobilizing support.19.53% posts are promotional, 17.36% areInspirational, 10.85 are about personal posts and

8.68 posts are about criticism. In the Facebookpage, 30.72% posts are about mobilizing support,23.04% posts are informative, 15.36% posts arepromotional, 11.52% posts are inspirational, and7.68% each about personal and criticism posts. Inthe Youtube page, 50% posts each relating toInspirational and Promotional. No posts in thewalls of Google+, Pinterest and blog.cry.org. wasfound. Therefore it can be said that CRY exploressocial media plateforms to inform its people,mobilizing them to support initiatives of theorganization and inspire them by efforts of it.

The table shows that 58.95% posts in thetwitter wall are self origin, 39.3% posts arereferred to link and 1.31% post is shared

c) Nature of Posts

d) Origin of the Post

Table 2

Figure 2

Table 3

Figure 3

Table 4

20

October - December 2016

21

®…“�b˜™…… ®…“®……∆∫……

October - December 2016

information. In the Instagram wall, 100% postsare self origin. In the facebook page, 49.92%posts are referred to link, 46.08% posts are selforigin and 3.84% post is shared information. Nopost found on Google+, Pinterest andblog.cry.org. As the data show it can be said thatsocial media all major options to generate contenti.e. self generated contents, shared contents andprovide link to the content are used to inform,sensitize and mobilize the people.

From the above table it has found out thatthe social networking site Facebook has thehighest followers of CRY and the frequency ofupdates on the facebook page is daily. Thefrequency of sharing the posts from the CRY wallon Facebook is also higher comparing with theother social networking site. The frequency ofstatus on facebook and twitter is on daily basisand in the Instagram page, the posts is updated inthe alternative days. On the Google+ andblog.cry.org, the frequency of the status idsometimes a month and in the YouTube page andthe Pinterest, the status are given rarely about the

activities of the CRY. Therefore, it can be said thatTwitter and Facebook sites are most popular andeasy platforms to communicate comfortably andregularly with the people by organizationsdedicated to social cause.

The present analysis shows that socialmedia is in the nucleus of the communicationstrategy of CRY. With the help of social mediamessages can be shared with online users andthey can be engaged and sensitize for help,support and action. The activeness of CRY onsocial media shows the importance of such plateforms in developing informed citizenry andmotivating people for child rights protection. It isnot only additional platform where one has to bepresent to just increase its visibility; rather CRYshows that social media can be used to developvolunteers, raise funds and encourage people forconstructive action.

The media plays a significant role informing and influencing people's attitudes andbehaviour. Child Rights and You drew theessential of the media in increasing society's

e) Nature of support:

Discussion

awareness of, and response to child abuse andneglect. Such media attention to child rights has,at times, positively influenced public,professional and political responses to thecircumstances in which children find them.Understanding media influences, and how to usethe media constructively, may be thus being anessential tool for those who advocate for children,young people, and their families.

Social media emerged as unique,economic and easily accessible media fororganizations working for child rights. Largely ithappened because of the avoidance by mainstream media to the issues of child rights andchild protection. Generally mass media, in theirlimitations, do not give ample coverage to thechild right issues unless a serious and saviourcrime happens. On the other hands socialorganizations need huge coverage to theirconstructive programmes and awarenesscampaigns to reach maximum number of peopleand to gain sufficient support from the society.Regular media coverage is important forsensitization of public as well as to maintainvisibility in the society.

In such situation of getting limited scopeof coverage in mainstream media, to increase thevisibility and communicate with peoplefrequently and without any obstacle or restrictionorganizations like CRY has started using socialmedia platforms comprehensively. SocialNetworking sites are extensively used to inform,sensitize and mobilize the audience.

People have recognized the informationby giving them likes, making comments, andsharing the posts. Social media platforms havebeen used as the main platform to communicate,therefore it can be said that SNS are recognizedby organization as effective vehicle todisseminate its messages.

CRY has recognised the importance ofSNS and uses it for the latest images, updates,videos, status of children and to expand supportand funds for its initiatives. Polls and contests aresome other interactive tools used by CRY toengage its followers on SNS.

S o c i a l m e d i a p l a t f o r m s , w i t hmainstreaming of the social media have become acultural space for communicators and they use itto convey the expressions, feelings, anger,meaning, symbols and set of activities on childrights issues mentioning from irony to criticismand motivational stories, from cosy places to thefrontline. It has been observed by the engagementpatterns of the users that the culture of generatingand sharing, practices of crowd sourcing, and theforms of generation of contents are contributingnew forms of child rights literacy, new forms ofknowledge and ultimately new forms ofsolidarity, social awareness and reflexivity onchild rights issues. This communicationcorresponds successfully to the rights ofmembers to freely participate in the creation, andsensitization of the community without pressureof gatekeeping or censorship of the mainstreammedia or by other agencies.

Social media also constitutes spaces forcommunity sharing large child rights contents,and, as the analysis shows are often extensivelyused as platforms for information, education,distributing, and exploring public support. In thisway social media also contributes to theformation of human beings as competentmembers of a community by mobilizing andsupporting them in gaining critical intellectualcapacities to participate in the political andcultural spaces of their online and offlinecommunities for child rights support.

Freedom of expression through onlinesocial media platforms, the formation of acommon culture based on humanitarian values,the possibilities of constituting associationsacross the boundaries, and organizing socialmobilization are structural contributions

ConclusionThe findings suggest that social media

profiles of the activists and organizations areattempting to sensitize the people to form thepositive opinion by informing and motivatingthem on the critical child rights issues that arewidely accessible and more people than ever areable to develop their point of view on such issues.

Figure 4

Table 5

22

®…“�b˜™…… ®…“®……∆∫……

October - December 2016

23

October - December 2016

information. In the Instagram wall, 100% postsare self origin. In the facebook page, 49.92%posts are referred to link, 46.08% posts are selforigin and 3.84% post is shared information. Nopost found on Google+, Pinterest andblog.cry.org. As the data show it can be said thatsocial media all major options to generate contenti.e. self generated contents, shared contents andprovide link to the content are used to inform,sensitize and mobilize the people.

From the above table it has found out thatthe social networking site Facebook has thehighest followers of CRY and the frequency ofupdates on the facebook page is daily. Thefrequency of sharing the posts from the CRY wallon Facebook is also higher comparing with theother social networking site. The frequency ofstatus on facebook and twitter is on daily basisand in the Instagram page, the posts is updated inthe alternative days. On the Google+ andblog.cry.org, the frequency of the status idsometimes a month and in the YouTube page andthe Pinterest, the status are given rarely about the

activities of the CRY. Therefore, it can be said thatTwitter and Facebook sites are most popular andeasy platforms to communicate comfortably andregularly with the people by organizationsdedicated to social cause.

The present analysis shows that socialmedia is in the nucleus of the communicationstrategy of CRY. With the help of social mediamessages can be shared with online users andthey can be engaged and sensitize for help,support and action. The activeness of CRY onsocial media shows the importance of such plateforms in developing informed citizenry andmotivating people for child rights protection. It isnot only additional platform where one has to bepresent to just increase its visibility; rather CRYshows that social media can be used to developvolunteers, raise funds and encourage people forconstructive action.

The media plays a significant role informing and influencing people's attitudes andbehaviour. Child Rights and You drew theessential of the media in increasing society's

e) Nature of support:

Discussion

awareness of, and response to child abuse andneglect. Such media attention to child rights has,at times, positively influenced public,professional and political responses to thecircumstances in which children find them.Understanding media influences, and how to usethe media constructively, may be thus being anessential tool for those who advocate for children,young people, and their families.

Social media emerged as unique,economic and easily accessible media fororganizations working for child rights. Largely ithappened because of the avoidance by mainstream media to the issues of child rights andchild protection. Generally mass media, in theirlimitations, do not give ample coverage to thechild right issues unless a serious and saviourcrime happens. On the other hands socialorganizations need huge coverage to theirconstructive programmes and awarenesscampaigns to reach maximum number of peopleand to gain sufficient support from the society.Regular media coverage is important forsensitization of public as well as to maintainvisibility in the society.

In such situation of getting limited scopeof coverage in mainstream media, to increase thevisibility and communicate with peoplefrequently and without any obstacle or restrictionorganizations like CRY has started using socialmedia platforms comprehensively. SocialNetworking sites are extensively used to inform,sensitize and mobilize the audience.

People have recognized the informationby giving them likes, making comments, andsharing the posts. Social media platforms havebeen used as the main platform to communicate,therefore it can be said that SNS are recognizedby organization as effective vehicle todisseminate its messages.

CRY has recognised the importance ofSNS and uses it for the latest images, updates,videos, status of children and to expand supportand funds for its initiatives. Polls and contests aresome other interactive tools used by CRY toengage its followers on SNS.

S o c i a l m e d i a p l a t f o r m s , w i t hmainstreaming of the social media have become acultural space for communicators and they use itto convey the expressions, feelings, anger,meaning, symbols and set of activities on childrights issues mentioning from irony to criticismand motivational stories, from cosy places to thefrontline. It has been observed by the engagementpatterns of the users that the culture of generatingand sharing, practices of crowd sourcing, and theforms of generation of contents are contributingnew forms of child rights literacy, new forms ofknowledge and ultimately new forms ofsolidarity, social awareness and reflexivity onchild rights issues. This communicationcorresponds successfully to the rights ofmembers to freely participate in the creation, andsensitization of the community without pressureof gatekeeping or censorship of the mainstreammedia or by other agencies.

Social media also constitutes spaces forcommunity sharing large child rights contents,and, as the analysis shows are often extensivelyused as platforms for information, education,distributing, and exploring public support. In thisway social media also contributes to theformation of human beings as competentmembers of a community by mobilizing andsupporting them in gaining critical intellectualcapacities to participate in the political andcultural spaces of their online and offlinecommunities for child rights support.

Freedom of expression through onlinesocial media platforms, the formation of acommon culture based on humanitarian values,the possibilities of constituting associationsacross the boundaries, and organizing socialmobilization are structural contributions

ConclusionThe findings suggest that social media

profiles of the activists and organizations areattempting to sensitize the people to form thepositive opinion by informing and motivatingthem on the critical child rights issues that arewidely accessible and more people than ever areable to develop their point of view on such issues.

Figure 4

Table 5

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practiced by activists, organizations, and theaware people that will further form a self-awarepublic support for child rights in the publicsphere.

Social media no more tools ofentertainment and recreation only as activists andorganizations have shown its potential to use as apromising space to garner public support andspread the awareness on issues like child rightsprotection. However, before using social mediasome inherent problems of the medium shouldalso be considered. Gaining recognitions,identifying target audience, search of genuine

profiles, information overload and handling ofbig data are some of the challenges one can facewhile trying to use social media as the mainplatform for advocacy on child rights. But,despite of such limitations social media platformshave power to crack the rigid compositions ofautocratic practices and authoritative controls. Acareful use of social media as sensitizer, diffuserand multiplier of the message can be helpful increating environment of debate, discussion andsolution on the issue of child rights therefore suchpower of social media should be utilized.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:-·

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Deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/file/Approved%20Social%20Media%20Framework%20and%20Guidelines%20_2_.pdf retrieved on 02.10.14Editorial,Yojana. Vol 57, May 2013, Page-3.Eltantawy, N., & Wiest, J. B. (2011). The Arab Spring| Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: ReconsideringResource Mobilization Theory. International Journal of Communicationhttp://censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Indian_perceptive_link/Census_Terms_link/censusterms.htmlhttp://ciet.nic.in/MediaClub/about_media_clubs.html (accessed 13 December, 2013)http://www.cry.org/what-to-do/gosocial.html retrieved on 03/02/16http://www.indiatogether.org/retrieved on 03/02/16http://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/examiing-the-polit ical-communication-of-india-media-essay.php#ixzz3F8rb3sX Fretrieved on 04.10.14.http://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/examiing-the-polit ical-communication-of-india-media-essay.php#ixzz3F8rb3sX Fretrieved on 04.10.14.http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Childrens_Rights_in_the_Digital_Age_A_Download_from_Children_Around_the_World_FINAL.pdfretrieved on 12/08/16http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/ (accessed 13 December, 2013). 72 http://kafila.org/https://in.pinterest.com/cryindia retrieved in February 2016https://thebetterindia.com/cryindiahttps://twitter.com/cryindia retrieved in February 2016https://www.cry.org retrieved in February 2016https://www.facebook.com/CRYINDIAretrieved in February 2016https://www.instagram.com/cryindiahttps://www.internews.org/sites/default/files/resources/InternewsEurope_ChildRightsMedia_Report_2014.pdfhttps://www.internews.org/sites/default/files/resources/InternewsEurope_ChildRightsMedia_Report_2014.pdfhttps://www.youtube.com/cryindia retrieved in February 2016

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's mass communication theory. Sage Publications. New Delhi.Philip behnke (ed.) (2010). Social Media and Politics Online Social networking and Political Communication inAsia.konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Singapore.Van Dijik, J.A.G.M. (2013). Digital Democracy: Vision and Reality (www.otwente.ni/goo/vandijk/research/itv/itv_plaatje/Digital%20Democracy-%20Vision%20and%20Reality.pdf retrieved on 02.10.14)www.cry.org/resources/pdf/CRY-Annual%Report-2014-Online-allnew.pdfwww.trai.gov.in/WriteRoaddata/ConsultationPaper/Document/Consultation%20paper%20Broadband%2024sept2014.pdf retrieved on 03.10.14www.trai.gov.in/WriteRoaddata/ConsultationPaper/Document/Consultation%20paper%20Broadband%2024sept2014.pdf retrieved on 03.10.14Yeaza, C.D. (2014). Human Rights. In Encyclopaedia of Social Media and Politics, Vol. I by Kerric Harvey. Sage.

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· Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media.Business horizons, 53(1), 59-68.

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Research “Astudy on mobile using ethics in adults” is based on knowledge and uses by adults. TRAIdecides ethics for mobile using. For this research 180 respondents have been selected from JhansiDistrict. Sampling is based on non random sampling that is Purposive sampling. This type ofsampling is selected because researcher has taken only those respondents who have mobile phone.In this research, researcher finds that the people are aware of the ethics but fail to implement inpractice. Most of the subjects denied late night calling, teasing people on the phone, trying unknownnumbers, using mobiles while driving, recording phone calls etc. while they do it in reality. Thesubjects answered according to the ethical behaviour of a responsible citizen while in reality theydid not abide by the TRAI ethics.

Abstract:-

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The use of cell-phones has become soubiquitous that we seem to have forgotten thattaking or placing a cellular call isn't always okay.People place and take calls in the theatre during aperformance, in meetings and classes, inhospitals, and in the middle of conversationswe're trying to have with them. Have these handydevices become an actual necessity or are theyjust one more way for us to be rude to each other?Code Of Ethics For Mobile UsersAccording to the Telecom Regulatory Authorityof India, there are some basic rules that should befollowed while using mobile phones. Within theframework of the role and keenness of theTelecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)and the Consumer Rights Protection Committee(CRPC), affiliated thereto, in guiding and raisingthe users' awareness of various telecom issues, theissue of an Ethics Code is one of the mostsignificant steps taken in this respect. This EthicsCode aims to regulate the users' behaviours onusing mobile phones especially with theincreasing and intense problems and irresponsiblebehaviour of some users of mobile technology.According to TRAI sixteen rules need to befollowed by everyone while using mobile phones.

These rules are-1. The mobile phone technology is

considered one of the greatesttechnologies that emerged in the last fewyears to serve humanity, so do not ever useit to annoy or tease others.

2. Don't call others during their times ofsleep or rest.

3. Don't get excited on receiving a wrongnumber and be more tolerant.

4. Check the number before dialing it inorder not to annoy any person.

5. Don't annoy others with your loudconversations in case you have a mobilephone's loud speaker. Moreover, thisoffends the person you are talking to (onthe mobile) as he does not know thatothers are hearing his conversation.

6. Don't use mobile phones with hightechnologies such as the photographic orvideo cameras to violate others' privacy.Know for sure that making materials thatconcern any person available on theInternet or mobile phones without hisknowledge or consent is considered animmoral act punished by law and

r Assistant Professor, Bhaskar Institute of Mass Communication and Journalism, Bundelkhand University, JhansiContact No.: 8127529762, E-mail Id: umesh.or.kumar@gmail.com

A STUDY ON MOBILE USING ETHICS IN ADULTS

r Umesh Kumar

Ethics, Mobile, Using,Adults, Mobile Using Ethics.

INTRODUCTION