social media and community resilience

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Thursday, August 14, 14

Social Media & Community Resilience

Iris Thiele Isip Tan MD, MScChief, UP Medical Informatics UnitAssoc. Prof. 4, UP College of Medicine

Image from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/269387/lifestyle/peopleandevents/nice-day-for-wet-wedding-couple-marries-in-middle-of-monsoon


http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/269387/lifestyle/peopleandevents/nice-day-for-wet-wedding-couple-marries-in-middle-of-monsoon




What is community resilience?

How can social media build community resilience?

Image from http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-

blogs/weird-wide-web/meet-the-waterproof-filipinos Image from http://waterproofph.tumblr.com/

post/29027955189/sergdomasian

Implications for public health

Image from https://twitter.com/probinsueno/

status/233111359909396480


http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/weird-wide-web/meet-the-waterproof-filipinos




http://waterproofph.tumblr.com/post/29027955189/sergdomasian








Resilience

Latin resilio

Jump backBounce back

Image from http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/weird-wide-web/meet-the-waterproof-filipinos






“The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb,

accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner”

ResilienceUnited Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Photo: REUTERS/Damir Sagolj


UK AID. Department for International Development. Defining Disaster Resilience: a DFID Approach Paper.


Neil Dufty, Using media to build community disaster resilience. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 2012; 27(1):40–45.

“Risk reduction and emergency management by themselves will not necessarily build disaster resilience in communities... social interactions, competencies and interactions improved by ‘community development’ activities form a critical part of the resilience-building triumvirate.”


How can social media build

community resilience?

Image from http://waterproofph.tumblr.com/post/29027955189/sergdomasian




Websites and applications that enable users to

create and share content or to

participate in social networking

Social Media

“Social Media Explained (with Donuts)” by Chris Lott,https://flic.kr/p/br5x86


https://flic.kr/p/br5x86

https://flic.kr/p/br5x86


DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Goal: ‘Minimization of residual risk’

Informing others of disaster risksDiscussing and planning ways to minimize riskCoordinating and managing tasksConducting post-event learning to improve

How Social Media Can Help Build Community Disaster Resilience


Image by World Economic Forum https://flic.kr/p/9hcnV3

“The more governments, UN agencies, organizations, businesses and civil society understand risk and vulnerability, the better

equipped they will be able to mitigate disasters when they strike and save more lives.”

- Ban Ki Moon (United Nations Secretary-General)


https://flic.kr/p/9hcnV3

https://flic.kr/p/9hcnV3

http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/336530/scitech/science/two-days-before-yolanda-a-govt-graphic-about-storm-surges

“There is no such thing as a ‘natural’ disaster, only natural hazards. Disaster risk reduction aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.”

UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction




http://www.gov.ph/crisis-response/mga-paalala-ukol-sa-storm-surge/




http://irevolution.net/2014/07/01/filipino-official-strategy-crisis-hashtags/Thursday, August 14, 14

http://irevolution.net/2014/07/01/filipino-official-strategy-crisis-hashtags/


www.gov.ph/crisis-response/

Unified HashtagsStorms: #(stormname)PH ex. #YolandaPHRescue requests from citizens: #RescuePHPerson requesting help is ok: #SafeNowRelief requests: #ReliefPH


http://www.gov.ph/crisis-response/

http://www.gov.ph/crisis-response/


After 2012 Habagat floods subsided#lubak2normal to tweet pictures and details about potholes

and cracks on the national highways of Metro Manila





EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Goal: ‘Safe communities through shared responsibility’

Providing emergency intelligence through crowdsourcingHelping people prepare for disastersCommunicating warnings to others Coordinating community response and recoveryConducting post-event learning to improve



Image by @thisisrenemdhttp://tmblr.co/ZsnmZuR2wmi-

Crowdsource

Obtain (information or input into a particular task or project) by enlisting the services of a number of people, either paid or unpaid, typically via the Internet


http://tmblr.co/ZsnmZuR2wmi-

http://tmblr.co/ZsnmZuR2wmi-

Typhoon Haiyan by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center https://flic.kr/p/hvY9d4

The use of social media to gain real time information on the ground in a disaster has been driven by the rapid speed at which

information can be distributed, the cross-platform accessibility of information, and the ubiquity of social media worldwide.

S. Vieweg, AL Hughes, K. Starbird, L. Palen. Microblogging during two natural hazard events: what Twitter may contribute to situational awareness, in ACM, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2010. pp 1079-88.


https://flic.kr/p/hvY9d4

https://flic.kr/p/hvY9d4

Advantages of Crowdsourcing for Disaster ReliefGao H, Barbier H, Goolsby R. (2011) Harnessing the Crowdsourcing Power of Social Media for Disaster Relief

Hourglass by paav-ohttp://www.freeimages.com/photo/457968

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Crowdsourced data including user requests and status reports are collected almost immediately after a disaster using social media

Crowdsourcing tools collect data, do rudimentary analysis then partition the data. Ex. most frequently requested resources or most urgent requests

Geo-tagged information can help relief organizations accurately locate specific requests for help --> crisis map


http://www.freeimages.com/photo/457968


Gao H, Barbier H, Goolsby R. (2011) Harnessing the Crowdsourcing Power of Social Media for Disaster Relief


http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/11/131108-typhoon-haiyan-philippines-crisis-mapping/

http://www.micromappers.com/Thursday, August 14, 14



http://www.micromappers.com

http://www.micromappers.com

http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disastersThursday, August 14, 14

http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters

http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters

App Sketching by Johan Larsson,https://flic.kr/p/dHLKPt

Shortfalls of Crowdsourcing for Disaster ReliefGao H, Barbier H, Goolsby R. (2011) Harnessing the Crowdsourcing Power of Social Media for Disaster Relief

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No common mechanism specifically designed for collaboration & coordination between disparate relief organizations

Data from crowdsourcing applications do not always provide all the right information needed for disaster relief efforts

Crowdsourcing applications do not have adequate security features for relief organizations and relief operations


https://flic.kr/p/9rCQw8

https://flic.kr/p/9rCQw8

http://www.mediabadger.com/2011/07/social-media-use-in-crises-situations/

Family & Friends Communication between affected and unaffected communities/areas or within affected communities

Situation Updates: Neighbors and communities share critical information - road closures, power outages, fires etc.

Situational/Supplemental Awareness: Information from authorities supplemented by citizens in text, image and video format

Services Access Assistance: share methods on “how” to access a service including how to “frame” the situation to elicit a better response from government agencies/services

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http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/11/messages-to-and-from-survivors-of-typhoon-haiyan/?_r=0




http://blog.marketwired.com/2013/11/21/social-media-being-used-to-help-in-the-wake-of-typhoon-haiyan/







Nov 6-20, 2013 data using MAP

(Media Analysis Platform)






http://www.regroup.com/welcome/american-red-cross-stresses-using-social-media-in-emergency-notifications-infograph/Thursday, August 14, 14

http://www.regroup.com/welcome/american-red-cross-stresses-using-social-media-in-emergency-notifications-infograph/

http://www.regroup.com/welcome/american-red-cross-stresses-using-social-media-in-emergency-notifications-infograph/

Flood mapping shows areas prone to flooding, designate a safe zone for evacuation

Remote monitoring check flooding/rainfall in other areas

Weather advisory connects with Project NOAH, PAGASA and DOST


PAR (Philippine Area of Responsibility)

Overview (MTSAT, Rainfall Contours, Chance of Rain etc)

Doppler (Subic, Tagaytag, Cebu, Hinatuan, Tampakan)

Weather Outlook (Probability of Rain, PAGASA Typhoon Forecast

Sensors (Weather Stations, Stream/Rain Gauges,Tide Levels)

Share screenshots or text content on social media platforms

(Facebook, Twitter, Instagram)


Provide handy electronic resources to the public for emergenciesIncrease public awareness on the fundamentals of Disaster Risk Reduction


Reporting tool for concerned citizens, companies & organizationsAllows user to broadcast reassurance posts to family & friendsNotifications for disasters happening near youLocation of safe evacuation sites and disaster sheltersToolbox with flashlight, alerts and audible alarm



COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Goal: ‘Formation of social capital for disasters’

Increasing and improving social networks, leadership and support systemsProviding support to people during and after a disasterConducting post-event learning to improve



Holding hands by spekulatorhttp://www.freeimages.com/photo/835200

Social capitalresources accumulated through the relationships among people

Coleman, 1988

Social media preserves and improves existing ties and foster new relations

without limitations of geography and time.





https://www.facebook.com/pages/OPLAN-HATID/327718327370778

Photo from Junep Ocampo




Social Media: Challenges in Disaster Response

Huang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57

Remote and less developed areas have more challenges accessing the internet

Less affluent and less educated have less access to IT

Wifi signal by Nicolas Nova https://flic.kr/p/4FSjuvThursday, August 14, 14

https://flic.kr/p/4FSjuv

https://flic.kr/p/4FSjuv

Disasters destroy infrastructure and interrupt services

Image by Priya from http://www.funlimits.com/3-biggest-fears-generation/

Photo by Ana P. Santos/Rappler from http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/recovery/

55908-wanted-climate-proof-energy-sector

Social Media: Challenges in Disaster ResponseHuang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57


http://www.funlimits.com/3-biggest-fears-generation/

http://www.funlimits.com/3-biggest-fears-generation/

http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/recovery/55908-wanted-climate-proof-energy-sector




A social network visualization by brewbookshttps://flic.kr/p/cddsPU


How to authenticate, validate and ensure accuracy of messages in

times of crisis and chaosScalability of social networking sitesSNS are not secured and private and

personal information can be leaked


https://flic.kr/p/cddsPU

https://flic.kr/p/cddsPU


Internet social networking alone is not a silver bullet in disaster preparations

and relief. We must be prudent to integrate all appropriate technologies.

“

silver bullet by Ed Schipul https://flic.kr/p/7kFgYt


https://flic.kr/p/7kFgYt

https://flic.kr/p/7kFgYt

Image from https://twitter.com/probinsueno/status/233111359909396480







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Presence: Existence of particular social media feature Ex. number of tweets on Twitter, videos on YouTube, photos on Flickr; posts, videos, events, views on Facebook etc.

Interactivity: audience members posting content, comments or likes

Reach: number of people connected with through the social media application Ex. number of followers on Twitter, subscribers on YouTube, likes on Facebook etc.


‘Social Media apps” by Jason Howiehttps://flic.kr/p/e5wZ3t

Inform, educate & empower people about health issuesEnhance the speed at which communication is sent and received during public health emergencies or outbreaksMobilize community partnerships and actionFacilitate behavior changeCollect surveillance dataUnderstand public perceptions of issues

Social Media & Public HealthThackeray et al BMC Public Health 2012:12:242


https://flic.kr/p/e5wZ3t

https://flic.kr/p/e5wZ3t

The Art of Social Media by mkhmarketing https://flic.kr/p/dUmKE4

For public health workers and emergency responders ...

speed to construct a network of professionals around practical and realistic common interests and objectives rather than around traditional bureaucratic structures.

Huang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57

“


https://flic.kr/p/dUmKE4

https://flic.kr/p/dUmKE4

Listen to me by Joseph Gilbert https://flic.kr/p/4iTsX2

The non-hierarchical two-way communication system provided by most Web 2.0 social networks also empowers

public users to participate in policy discussions

with feedback to influence policy making. Huang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57

“


https://flic.kr/p/4iTsX2

https://flic.kr/p/4iTsX2

... social media as a channel to distribute information rather than capitalizing on the interactivity available to

create conversations and engage with the audience. “


https://www.facebook.com/OfficialDOHgov




Psychological First Aid

First things you might do to assist individuals & families

in the first hours following a disaster

Reduce initial stressMeet current needsPromote flexible copingEncourage adjustment

The Australian Journal of Emergency Management Feb 2012; 27(1):20-26


Online questionnaireSnowball sampling27 questions

Investigate the use of social media in emergencies and disastersIdentification of an ‘index’ eventUse of social media & information sources in relation to index eventDemographicsRoutine use of social media

Psychological First Aid:

6 core principles

SafetyCalm

ConnectednessSelf- & group efficacy

HopeHelp

Taylor et al. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management Feb 2012; 27(1):20-26

Baywatch in Venice beach by james72 http://www.freeimages.com/photo/1040779





Seeking general information

Leaving msgs of support/sympathy

Seeking specific info from people

Providing general information

Responding to questions from people

Requesting help from others (directly impacted)

Offering direct help to others

What people were doing on social media



How use of social media was making people feel

less worried

useful

connected to others

active involved

encouraged by help/support given to people

supported by othershopeful about the future

confusedmisled by others

suspicious about the quality of info

mistrustful of the people supplying info


The Australian Journal of Emergency Management Feb 2012; 27(1):20-26

The role of social media ... is not to replace face-to-face support or contact, or to replace official warning

services, but it can expand capacity to deliver information, extend the reach of official messages

and limit the psychological damage caused by rumors and sensationalized media reporting.

“Thursday, August 14, 14

What is community resilience?

How can social media build community resilience?

Image from http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-

blogs/weird-wide-web/meet-the-waterproof-filipinos Image from http://waterproofph.tumblr.com/

post/29027955189/sergdomasian


Image from https://twitter.com/probinsueno/

status/233111359909396480














Interconnectedness of people, organizations, information & technology during crises Crisis Informatics

Information overload by Marina Noordegraafhttps://flic.kr/p/6xxYBs


https://flic.kr/p/6xxYBs

https://flic.kr/p/6xxYBs

www.facebook.com/EndocrineWitchSocial media for health promotion


http://www.facebook.com/EndocrineWitch

http://www.facebook.com/EndocrineWitch

How can photos go viral?

A research question


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