social issues in brazil team embraer natalie fowler venda yuniarti surapan laosettanun rikiya...
TRANSCRIPT
Social Issues in Brazil
Team EmbraerNatalie Fowler
Venda Yuniarti
Surapan Laosettanun
Rikiya Toyofuku
Deepa Jakkamsetti
• Poverty• Health• Education• Unemployment• Violence/Crime
Poverty
Favela da Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro
• Top 10% earn 50% of the national income• 8% living below the poverty line• Favelas – slums in city areas where poor people live– Grew in 1970’s when people moved from rural areas to the cities– Overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition, pollution,
disease, drug use, gangs – drug trafficking
Income Disparity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient
2009: GI 53.9
Government Creates Positive Changes
• Since 2003, more than 20 million Brazilians have been brought out of poverty
• Currently, approx. 16 million people live in extreme poverty
• Government Programs:– Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) plan started in
2003: goal to eliminate hunger and extreme poverty
– Bolsa Família (Family Allowance) program in 2003: Gives monthly stipend ($12 per child) to families as long as children attend school and receive vaccinations. 12 million families participate
– Brasil sem Miséria (Brazil without Misery) in 2011: expand Bolsa Familia program
http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/j0083e/j0083e05.htm
Brasil sem Miséria (Brazil without Misery)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU40xWflC7c
Health
Health – Current Situation• Healthcare system reform in 1989 provides free services to
all Brazilian citizens• Several reforms have occurred later to improve health of
Brazilians
Health - Challenges• Brazil Health Care System ‘s inefficient
– insufficient budget (Huge population)– poor budget spending management
• Public health care can support only 50% of population
• 25% of population use private-health insurance
• Poor people in rural area (about 25% of population) who cannot afford private health insurance have to bear with over-crowded hospital
Health – Quick Facts• Health expenditures: 9 % of GDP (rank 44th/196
countries)– Government spending 3% of GDP
• Physicians density: 17.2 physicians/10,000 population (rank 75th /196 countries)
• Hospital bed density: 24 beds/10,000 population (rank 91st /196 countries)– over 6,800 hospitals, » 41 % public» 34 % private» 25 % Non-profit organization owned
Education
Education
• Many children don’t attend school because their parent can’t afford the education cost or they have to work to support their families.
• Education level is considered low compared with developed countries
Efforts to improve Education
• Efforts to improve education systems: • 2001: Bolsa Escola provided income subsidies to those parents who sent their
children to school and got them essential medical checkups (Limited to 7-14 years children);
• 2004: Bolsa Família added stipends for children aged between 15 and 17, which encouraged higher enrolment and attendance in high schools, where attendance is lowest;
• 2006: all teachers should have a university qualification and made both pre-service and in-service teacher training free
• Free education for every child from 7 to 15 years of age, establishing 8 years of mandatory education
• Government fixed the minimum to be spent on education as 25% of state and municipal revenues and 18% at the federal level
Source: http://www.pearsonfoundation.org/oecd/downloads/Brazil_strong_performers_US.pdf
Showing Improvement
Based on data published by Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
Unemployment
UnemploymentUnemployment rate (%)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Brazil“Seasonal
effect”(IBGE)
Unemployment in Sao Paolo metropolitan area reached
20 %
Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.htmlBrazileconomy http://brazileconomy.over-blog.es/pages/unemployment-rate-4776306.htmlMercopress http://en.mercopress.com/2010/10/22/brazil-set-to-grow-7.5-this-year-and-5.9-in-2011-inflation-5.1-and-5
Lowest since 2002 !
6%
13%
UnemploymentUnemployment rate (%)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Brazil
Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.html
Why decline?Service sector growth
(which 65% of Brazilian work for)
Unemployment rate (%) : other countries
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
BrazilUnited StatesJapanIndiaIndonesiaThailand
Unemployment
Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)
Crime
Law enforcement institutions
Simpsons no Brasil
Countries by Homicide rates
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homicide_rate
US – 4.8; Brazil – 25
Brazil – World Rank 12th
Top 20
Brazil - Homicide rate trend
Source: http://www.sangari.com/mapadaviolencia/pdf2012/mapa2012_web.pdf
Efforts to Combat CrimeNPSF – National Public Security Force
BOPE - Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, or Special Police Operations Battalion
Robocop facial profiling!
Thank you!
Any Questions?
Appendix
Health – Current Situation
Health – Travel Concerns
• Food- and water-borne diseases: – Hepatitis A, Diarrhea, and Typhoid fever – Unsanitary food handling procedures and
contaminated water.
• Insect-borne diseases:– Dengue fever and Leishmaniasis – Insect protection measures are essential