snolab experimental advisory committee barry barish snolab workshop may 12-14, 2004

SNOLABExperimental Advisory Committee

Barry BarishSNOLAB Workshop

May 12-14, 2004

12-May-04 SNOLAB Workshop 2

A New Opportunity

To: The Scientific CommunityRe: A Request for Letters of Interest in Staging Experiments at SNOLAB

Dear Colleagues,

SNOLAB, an international facility for underground science, is being developed 2 km underground in INCO's Creighton mine near Sudbury Ontario, Canada. Establishing thisfacility provides us with new and exciting opportunities in underground science and we look forward to working with you to make SNOLAB a success.


A New Opportunity

The development of this underground facility and its associated surface facilities is funded by ~$50M from various resources in Canada and in the Province of Ontario. SNOLAB will be developed near the existing SNO experiment with a joint clean area encompassing the full facility. The establishment of SNOLAB will provide opportunities to carry out the best of the next generation of international underground experiments that will benefit from the depth and from laboratory cleanliness conditions similar to those demonstrated in the existing SNO laboratory. The 6000 meter-water-equivalent depth under a flat overburden results in excellent shielding from cosmic radiation and its progenies. SNOLAB will have the lowest muon flux among operating facilities.


SNO Laboratory • 2000 m rock overburden• Almost flat surface• Surface support facilities• Vertical access• Main cavity ~10,000m3

Solar neutrino oscillation !


SNOLAB Concept

SNO cavityNew Experiment?

Ladder Labs --Machine shop, Low background

Rectangular Hall60x50x50 ft Phase 2

Cryogenic Hall


Why New Labs Deep Underground?

• A clean, quiet and isolated setting is needed to study rare phenomena free from environmental background. Such a setting can be obtained only deep underground, where we can escape the rain of cosmic rays from outer space.

– Why do neutrinos have tiny masses and how do they transform into one another?

– Are the existence and stability of ordinary matter related to neutrino properties?

– Are there additional types of neutrinos?– What is the mysterious dark matter and how much of it is

neutrinos?– What role do neutrinos play in the synthesis of the elements in the

periodic table?– Is there a deeper simplicity underlying the forces and particles we

see?


Underground Laboratories

Variation of the flux of cosmic-ray muons with overburden.


Scientific Motivation

• Neutrino Properties– Solar Neutrinos– Long Baseline Experiments– Double Beta Decay

• Dark Matter

• Proton Decay

• Neutrinos, Solar Energy, and the Formation of the Elements


One Depth Suits All?• Cosmic rays create background events that

mask the critical events being searched for. – It takes two miles of rock to absorb the most energetic of

the muons created by cosmic ray protons striking the earth's atmosphere

– At such great depths, the only backgrounds are made by neutrinos (which easily penetrate the whole earth but, by the same token, interact very seldom) and by local radioactivity in the rock itself

– Some experiments do not require the greatest depths, while for other experiments there is no option but depth and extreme cleanliness.

• The SNOLAB facility will provide new opportunities at deep depths and we seek a scientific program to take advantage of that unique feature


Kamioka ObservatoryKamLAND

(operated by Tohoku Univ.)

Super-Kamiokande

• 1000 m rock overburden• The mine is no more active• Support facilities on the surface

XMASS R&D

Tokyo Dark Matter exp

Plot type GW detectors

20m×20m

100m×100m (Cryogenic)

100m

To mine entrance (1.8km from SK)


INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory

• 1400 m rock overburden• Flat cross-section• Underground area 18 000 m2

• Support facilities on the surface


Gran Sasso Scientific ProgramNeutrinos from CERN (CNGS)

OPERA

ICARUS (600ton → 3000ton)

(data taken at the surface)

Neutrinos from the atmosphereMONOLITH not approved

Neutrinos from the SunGNO

BOREXINO 　

LENS proposal

Em: 36tons, Pb: 2ktons

Observe τ-decay

stop and decay in e

Real time measurement of 7Be ν.

It will start soon.

Low energy solar neutrino exp with 30ton Ga.


Gran Sasso Scientific ProgramNeutrinos from Supernovae

LVD

Double beta decay experimentsEnriched Ge (Heidelberg-Moscow)Cryogenic techniques (Cuorecino, TeO2)

The lab is also used for studies of geology and biology.

Search for non baryonic dark matterSeveral complementary experiments

Example:DAMA 100kgNaI detector

Nuclear reactions (two accelerators, 40 and 400keV)

Fusion reactions in the SunAnomalous screening in metals

(LUNA-2)

1kton liq scintillator detector




Proposed Multipurpose Underground Laboratory in the U.S.


Proposed U.S. Underground Laboratory -- Present Context

• Compelling case has been established for the broad range of science (physics, astrophysics, biology, geology and national security) at a deep underground laboratory.

• The case validated by a number of studies, including – two National Research Council (NRC) reports– a soon-to-be-released National Science and Technology

Council report prepared by the Interagency Working Group on the Physics of the Universe.

• Proposals for Homestake mine, San Jacinto and Soudan

• NSF carried out a site review process and selected Homestake as the most promising site.

• Since that review, however, the pumps have been turned off at Homestake, and the mine is now flooding.

• Moreover, additional sites have been put forth.


Proposed U.S. Underground Laboratory -- Process at NSF

• The Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) has moved to put in place a deliberate process that has NSF working with the community to develop a course of action that will realize the scientific opportunities before us.

• In broad outline, NSF process consists of

• returned the submitted site proposals without prejudice

• informational meeting held at NSF to describe roadmap and to receive community feedback - 29 March 2004;

• work with the Department of Energy (DOE) to develop mechanisms for selecting and jointly funding underground science experiments

• issue a series of up to three solicitations for planning grants beginning this spring.

• Underground science community is joining toward making one joint proposal to NSF for an underground laboratory


Proposed U.S. Underground Laboratory -- Process at NSF

• Concerning the solicitations

– the purpose of the first is to provide funds to one or more groups to develop detailed science modules reflecting the range of science opportunities noted above and to specify the associated infrastructure requirements.

– The second solicitation, issued at the same time, would fund several site development studies.

– The final solicitation, a year or more into the future, would provide funds to develop underground laboratory proposals combining site infrastructure with a suite of initial science experiments for NSF consideration.

• The third solicitation would only occur if MPS and its partners determined that timely construction of a major new facility is needed to realize the scientific opportunities..


Experimental Advisory Committee

The SNOLAB Experiment Advisory Committee (EAC) is an expert and advisory panel to review Letters-of-Interest from the scientific community and, eventually, proposals for projects at SNOLAB and provide advice to the SNOLAB Director on priorities for siting experiments in the laboratory. The objectives of the EAC are:

a) develop an experimental program of the highest scientific merit,b) study in detail the technical feasibility of individual projects,c) prioritize projects for siting in SNOLAB, taking into account time lines for the projects as well as scientific merit, andd) consider proposals for allocation of development space for programs that require such space for research and development.

Members of the EAC should be representative of the Canadian and international community active on underground science and have good knowledge of the scientific areas under consideration.


Barry Barish ... Chair ... Caltech

Baha Balantekin ... Univ Wisconsin, MadisonCliff Burgess ... McGillTakaaki Kajita ... ICRR TokyoJohn Martin ... TorontoKen Ragan ... McGillKate Scholberg ... MITDave Wark ... Imperial College

Andrew Hime …. ex-officio (Associate Director for Scientific Development and Chair of the Scientific Executive Committee (SEC)).

SNOLAB EAC Membership


Letters of Intent

Experiment: COBRAContact: Kai ZuberScope: Double Beta DecayWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Received

Experiment: MajoranaContact: Steve ElliottScope: Double Beta DecayWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Received

Experiment: GERDAContact: Iris AbtScope: Double Beta DecayWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Expected

Experiment: EXOContact: Giorgio GrattaScope: Double Beta DecayWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Expected

----------------------------Experiment: SNO with ScintillatorContact: Mark ChenScope: Solar Neutrinos

and Double Beta DecayWorkshop Presentation: Yes ... with McDonald & CaccianigaLOI: Received


Letters of IntentExperiment: Lithium DetectorContact: Anatoly KopylovScope: Solar NeutrinosWorkshop Presentation: NoLOI: Received

Experiment: Noble Liquid Tracking DetectorContact: Bill WillisScope: Solar NeutrinosWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Received

Experiment: CLEANContact: Dan McKinseyScope: Solar Neutrinos and Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Expected

---------------------Experiment: CDMSContact: Dan AkeribScope: Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Note from Dan Akerib

Experiment: ZEPLINContact: Nigel SmithScope: Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Expected


Letters of Intent

Experiment: PICASSOContact: Viktor ZacekScope: Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Expected

Experiment: DRIFTContact: Jeff MartoffScope: Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: No

Experiment: DRIFT-IIIContact: Neil SpoonerScope: Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: NoLOI: Received

Experiment: XENONContact: Tom ShuttScope: Dark MatterWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: Received

---------------------Experiment: HALOContact: Charles DubaScope: Supernova NeutrinosWorkshop Presentation: YesLOI: No


Goals: Dirac or Majorana particle?

Ettore Majorana

Majorana : The neutrino is its own antiparticle


Solar Neutrinos – The Future

In the standard solar model the flux from the pp reaction is predicted to an accuracy of 1%. Further, the total flux is related directly to the measured solar optical luminosity.

Such a copious and well-understood source of neutrinos is ideal for precisely determining the neutrino masses and mixings.

It also affords a way to search for hypothesized sterile neutrinos as much as a million times lighter than those explored by present experiments, provided they mixed sufficiently with the active neutrinos.

Unfortunately, the pp neutrinos have very low energies


Dark Matter – Direct Searches


EAC Goal• Work with SNOLAB and the community to develop the most

promising program for the new laboratory taking into account:

– Science potential is the highest priority!

– The approved program must have significant discovery potential and strong collaborations to obtain funding

– The experiments should take advantage of the uniqueness of great depth at SNOLAB

– The program should be determined in the context of other plans worldwide.

– R&D toward proposals not yet mature should be accommodated where possible.

• EAC will provide strategic and technical guidance, in order to construct a deep underground laboratory expeditiously and in synergy with a world class research program.

snolab experimental advisory committee barry barish snolab workshop may 12-14, 2004

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