sneak peek: south pacific cauldron: world war ii's great forgotten battlefields

7/22/2019 SNEAK PEEK: South Pacific Cauldron: World War II's Great Forgotten Battlefields

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2/34

voo

P

GBKXCKXW

Lost bi Ollustretobks ekh Deps ox

Zrciegc xooo

Egakbwlchndckts xvoo

Lost bi E``rcvoetobks xox

Gfrbkblbny xxo

5. Xfc Fbttcst Zbtetb 5

0. O ekt _bu tb Xeac @uke, br Kbt Gbdc @ega Elovc 50

7. Xfcrc es Okhcch Bkly Bkc _ededbtb 08

8. Xfc Dbst Skoktclloncktly ench Lekh Gedpeonk 78

3. E Gustbhy Pcgcopt ibr Dukhe . . . Accp Cd Hyokn 87

9. Lec ekh Weledeue Dust @c Hcickhch tb tfc Hcetf 3>

>. Zrcvckt _bur Xrbbps Cknenokn Dy Xrbbps 99

6. Xfc ceakcss bi Xryokn tb Ionft @ettlcs irbd e Hostekgc >0

?. Ots Xbrbaoke. Kbw Nct bk _bur Fbrscs! 655:. Felscy Akbws tfc Wtreonft Wtbry 6>

55. Deac Wurc Xfcy Xfoka tfc Okvesobk Fes Gbddckgch ?8

50. NuehelgekelDokus Dbst bi tfc Crrbrs 5:0

57. Xfc Iokel Butgbdc . . . es Kcvcr ok Hbu`t 555

58. Xfc Dbst Hcspcretc Cdcrnckgy 556

53. Xfc Glbscst Xfokn tb e Lovokn Fcll 506

59. E Wfbp ok tfc Meps Irbkt _erh 57>

5>. Dbrc Kcrvc-Pegaokn Xfek . . . Xb`rua br Cl Eledcok 58956. Keturc Zrbvch tb @c e brsc Ckcdy Xfek tfc Mepekcsc 535


3/34

vooo GBKXCKXW

5?. Accp Pe`eul @urkokn! 595

0:. Xfc brst-Acpt Wcgrct bi tfc er ok tfc Wbutf Zegostg 59>

05. @ut ibr tfc Wtcrk Pcsostekgc . . . bi tfc VOY Gbrps 5>700. Xfcy ektch tb Ionft 565

07. Xfc Wbutf Zegostg Gedpeonk es Iokosfch 56?

08. Aogaokn Erbukh e Gbrpsc 5??

03. Xfc Mepekcsc Gbulh Hoc ^fcrc Xfcy crc br Hoc Ehvekgokn 0:7

09. Hbu`tiul Xfet Fc Gfcgach wotf tfc Brhokery Ibbt Wblhocr 050

0>. Kb Ckcdy Gek ^otfstekh _bu 056

06. Mepek Dek C Gry Ckbunf 07:

0?. Bkgc Ot es Bvcr Ot es Bvcr 07>

Kbtcs 087

@o`lobnrepfy 09>

Okhcx 0>7


4/34

ox

P

OLLSWXPEXOBKW EKH DEZW

Ollustretobks

SWW êsplosts tb ster`berh eitcr `cokn fot `y tfrcc tbrpchbcs 3

Ibur rcgopockts bi tfc Dchel bi Fbkbr ibr egtobks bk Nuehelgekel 55

Dembr Nckcrel Ncbrnc G. Ackkcy wotf @ronehocr Nckcrel Ackkctf K. elacr 53

Eustreloek nckcrel Xfbdes @ledcy wotf Locutckekt Nckcrel 0:Pb`crt Cogfcl`crncr

Mepekcsc sfop ukhcr lbw-lcvcl ettega y Elloch eorgreit et tfc @ettlc bi tfc 09

@osderga WceEhdorel Osbrbau _ededbtb selutcs Mepekcsc polbts et Peèul `cibrc fos 70

ietel ffonft

Edcrogek 87rh Hovosobk trbbps lekh bk Pckhbve Oslekh hurokn e 7>fcevy reokstbrd

Locutckekt Nckcrel Dollerh I. Ferdbk wotf Dembr Nckcrel Ketfek I. 87Xwokokn, Dembr Nckcrel Bsger . Nroswblh, ekh twb dcd`crs biFerdbks steii

Dukhe eorstclh, b`mcgtovc bi tfc Kcw Ncbrnoe gedpeonk 86

Xrbbps bi tfc 7rh Kcw ]celekh Hovosobks 58tf @ronehc Nrbup lekh bk 30

Yclle LevclleZeretrbbpcrs irbd tfc Edcrogek 3:7rh Zeregfutc Pcnodckt mudp irbd G-8> 9?

trekspbrt plekcs et Kehze`

Aokn Ncbrnc YO telas tb Yogtbroe Grbss fblhcr Zrovetc Pogferh Acllofcr >:et Yogtbry Zerehc gcrcdbkocs

Eustreloek gbddekhcrs ok tfc Pedu Yellcy= Locutckekt Nckcrel >6Chdukh Fcrrokn, Locutckekt Gblbkcl M. E. @osfbp, Dembr NckcrelNcbrnc E. Yescy, Locutckekt Nckcrel Lcsloc Dbrsfceh

Kcw ]celekh @ronehocr Pb`crt E. Pbw wotf Ehdorel Felscy bk Nuehelgekel 63

Ehdorel Felscy fblhokn tfc brhcr eppboktokn Derokc Dembr Nckcrel ?:Gferlcs H. @errctt tb tfc gbddekh bi ODEG

Peoh `y Kcw Nuokceèsch `bd`crs eneokst Mepekcsc sfoppokn ok ?3Wodpsbk Fer`br, Peèul


5/34

x OLLSWXPEXOBKW EKHD EZW

Derokcs irbd tfc 7rh Hovosobk hesf irbd tfcor lekhokn greit egrbss tfc 5:8kerrbw @buneokvollc `cegf

Xrbbps irbd tfc 7rh Derokc Pcnodckt fbtly cknench eitcr lekhokn 5:>

bk @buneokvollcDerokcs ckgbuktcrokn bkc bi tfcor nrcetcst ibcs bk @buneokvollc= duh 5:6

Gepteok Erlconf E. @urac bk tfc SWW Gferlcs Eusùrkc 550

Pcer Ehdorel E. Wtektbk Dcrroll wbraokn wotf e dekcuvcrokn `berh 557

Mepekcsc wersfops ok tfc fer`br bi Peèul dekcuvcr tb evboh gerrocr 50:plekc ettega

bukhch eorgreit nukkcr Ackkctf @rettbk os loitch irbd tfc turrct 500

Pcer Ehdorel Irchcroga Xch Wfcrdek lcerks tfc rcsults bi tfc gerrocr plekc 507reoh bk Peèul

Derokc reohcrs wotf wer hbns hcpertokn ibr tfc irbkt lokcs bk @buneokvollc 570

Felscy lbbas cvcry okgf tfc blh sce hbn hurokn fos @buneokvollc vosot 577

Derokcs clodoketc e Mepekcsc poll`bx bk @buneokvollc 57?

Gepc Xbrbaoke, @buneokvollc erce, sfbwokn kcwly hcvclbpch Xbrbaoke eorstrop 583

Eustreloek trbbps hon oktb e kcwly bggupoch iceturc bk Wfenny Pohnc, 58?Kcw Nuokce

5st Derokc Hovosobk trbbps wehc tfrbunf suri et Gepc Nlbugcstcr, Kcw @roteok 533

Dchoud Derokc teka grbssokn Wuogohc Grcca, Kcw @roteok 53>

Dbrter cdplegcdckt bk @buneokvollc sfbwokn stccpkcss bi tfc foll tfc Mepekcsc 59?wbulh sgelc

Dembr Nckcrel Pb`crt W. @conftlcr horcgts e teka-okiektry ettega bk @buneokvollc 5>6

Eirogek Edcrogek sblhocrs bi tfc ?7rh Okiektry Hovosobk bk tfc Kude Kude 563Xreol, @buneokvollc

Nckcrel Hbunles DegErtfur, wotf Yogc Ehdorel Xfbdes Aokaeoh, b`scrvcs 5?0tfc lekhokns bk Lbs Kcnrbs, Ehdorelty Oslekhs

Lekhokn `y tfc strst wevc bi trbbps bk Lbs Kcnrbs, Ehdorelty Oslekhs 5?7

@ull Felscy ok e brlh er OO pbstcr 0:5

Eustreloek gbddekhcrs @ronehocr Fcetfgbtc F. Feddcr, Locutckekt Nckcrel 009Ycrkbk E. F. Wturhcc, Dembr Nckcrel ôlloed @rohncibrh, ekh LocutckektNckcrel Wteklcy N. Wevonc bk @buneokvollc

Eustreloek trbbps strced irbd tfcor lekhokn greit et Hbvc @ey kcer cwea, 077Kcw Nuokce

Nckcrel Fotbsfo Odedure surrckhcrs fos ibrgcs tb Locutckekt Nckcrel 076Ycrkbk E. F. Wturhcc bk `berh FDW Nlbry

Locutckekt Nckcrel Desetekc Aekhe surrckhcrs et Eustreloek OO Gbrps 07?Fcehquertcrs, Xbrbaoke

Locutckekt Nckcrel Fetezb Ehegfo surrckhcrs tfc Mepekcsc 56tf Erdy tb 08:

Dembr Nckcrel Fbregc G. F. Pb`crtsbk, bd Eorstrop


6/34

OLLSWXPEXOBKW EKHD EZW xo

Deps

5. Nuehelgekel Gedpeonk Erce 0

0. Gertwfccl Gedpeonk Erce 7: 7. Kcw Ncbrnoe= Gepturc bi Dukhe Zbokt 89

8. Kcw Ncbrnoe= Iokel Zfesc ekh Yclle Levclle 3:

3. Wbutfcrk Epprbegfcs tb Weledeue 9:

9. Fubk Zckoksule, tfc Wtreots, ekh cstcrk Kcw @roteok 9>

>. Gepturc bi Ioksgffeick >7

6. @buneokvollc= Lekhokns et Gepc Xbrbaoke 5:9

?. Kevel Bpcretobks bii @buneokvollc 558

5:. @buneokvollc= Ehvekgc tb tfc Cest 576

55. Kcw @roteok 537

50. @buneokvollc Zcrodctcr= Xfc Mepekcsc Gbuktcrettega 5>5

57. Ehdorelty Oslekhs Gedpeonk 5?5

58. Hrokoudbr Povcr= Xfc Mepekcsc Zlek 0:9

53. @buneokvollc= Xfc Eustreloek Gedpeonk 05?

59. cwea= Xfc Eustreloek Gedpeonk 075


7/34


8/34

xooo

P

ZPCIEGC

Kcerly ibrty ycers enb, Nuehelgekel vctcrek ekh eutfbr Medcs Mbkcsledcktch fbw lottlc wes rcdcd`crch e`but tfc ^brlh êr OO èttlc-stclhs bi tfc Wbutf Zegostg. Fc wrbtc, Eldbst ell bi tfcd kedcs pcbplc ok tfc

Skotch Wtetcs kcvcr fcerh bi. Xfc sedc gbulh loacly fevc `cck seoh e`but fbw

dugf wes rcdcd`crch `y Eustreloeks ekh Kcw ]celekhcrs, wfbsc ketobksibunft tfcrc elbknsohc Edcroge. Wokgc Mbkcs ledckt, tfc sotuetobk gek bkly fevc

wbrsckch wotf tfc hcetfs bi dbst wfb scrvch tfcrc.

Cvck tfc scttokn os lerncly ibrnbttck. Xfc wbrhs Wbutf Zegostg, ibr dbst,

cvbac bkly tfc stgtobkel oslekh perehosc bk wfogf Pbhncrs ekh Feddcrstcok

sct tfcor dusogel eheptetobk bi Medcs Dogfckcrs telcs. @ut tfcrc wcrc icw

ckgfektch cvckokns ok tfc vcry hoiicrckt Wbutf Zegostg rcnobkDclekcsoe

tfet wc spcea bi fcrc. Ckgbdpessokn tfc Wblbdbk Oslekhs, tfc cestcrk feli bi

Kcw Nuokce, ekh tfc wetcrs ekh lekhs bi tfc Wblbdbk ekh @osderga sces ok

`ctwcck, tfos rcnobk gbkteokch sbdc bi tfc wbrst tcrreok ekh wcetfcr bi ell^brlh êr OO gbdèt zbkcs. ôtf tbwcrokn dbukteoks1 trcegfcrbus rezbrèga

rohncs1 hcksc, hoscesc-rohhck muknlcs1 nrcet doesdel swedps1 okicrkel fcet ekh

fudohoty1 ekh tbrrcktoel reokiell, tfc ckvorbkdckt tfcrc wes gfellcknokn ckbunf

wotfbut tfc hekncrs bi ettlc.

Irbd tfet wer zbkc, bkc èttlcstclh, Nuehelgekel, fes rcdeokch ctgfch ok

Edcrogek dcdbry es e syd`bl bi gburenc ekh ckhurekgc. Eustreloeks ekh Kcw

]celekhcrs donft rcdcd`cr, tbb, tfc @ettlc bi tfc Gbrel Wce ekh tfc Ababhe

Xreol, ibunft wfck tfcor ketobks wcrc ukhcr horc tfrcet bi okvesobk irbd Mepek.

Eitcr tfcsc 5?80 èttlcs, tfc Ellocs wckt bk tfc biicksovc ekh tfc gfer-egtcr bi tfc wer ok tfc Wbutf Zegostg gfeknch. @cegffcehs wcrc b`teokch bk

lernc oslekhs et rcletovcly lbw gbst, ekh tcrreok, wcetfcr, ekh supply hoistgultocs


9/34

xov ZPCIEGC

bitck slbwch ehvekgcs dbrc tfek tfc Mepekcsc hoh. Ot wes slbw, ferhsgre``lc

stnftokn, ferhly detcroel ibr hezzlokn wer rcpbrtokn, ekh wfet pu`log ettcktobk

rcdeokch wes dbstly e`sbr`ch `y tfc dbrc spcgteguler Gcktrel Zegostg biicksovc

tfet stertch ok Kbvcd`cr 5?87 wotf Xerewe. Cxgcpt ibr tfbsc et fbdc wotf tocs

tb dck wfbsc lovcs wcrc okvcstch tfcrc, tfc wer ok tfc Wbutf Zegostg wes cdo-

kcktly ibrnctte`lc. @ut ibr tfbsc wfb wcrc tfcrc ot wes Xfc êr. Ekh ots rcsult

okffuckgch tfc butgbdc bi ^brlh êr OO kb lcss tfek Cl Eledcok, Aursa, Ekzob,

Kbrdekhy, ekh Owb Mode hoh.

Medcs Mbkcs gbddcktch e`but tfc wer ok tfc Wbutf Zegostg ok 5?87= Xfcy

feh e ycer bi ettlcs, ibunft wotfbut eky nrcet vogtbrocs tb stoduletc trbbp dbrelc.

. . . Wfbrt, sferp, gbstly stnfts, cegf bi tfcd, wfogf nbt sgekt pu`logoty et fbdc.

Fos b`scrvetobk e`but pu`logoty wes gbrrcgt, ut Mbkcs dbrhekt vocw e`but wfet

wes eggbdplosfch wes kbt. Ok must kokc dbktfs, tfc Ellocs wrcstch gbktrbl bi tfc

Wbutf Zegostg irbd tfc Mepekcsc, kcutrelozokn tfcor nrcet esc bi Peèul ekh bpck-

okn tfc wey tb tfc Zfoloppokcs ekh tfc fcert bi tfc Mepekcsc Cdporc.

Eitcr tfcsc ettlcs, ot wes nckcrelly essudch tfet kbtfokn tfet bggurrch ok tfc

Wbutf Zegostg gbulh detcroelly eiicgt tfc wers butgbdc. @ut tfc osbletch Mepekcsc

ibunft èga, dbuktokn nrcet gbuktcrbiicksovcs bk @buneokvollc ekh Kcw Nuokce

tfet erc edbkn tfc lcest-akbwk dembr èttlcs ibunft `y tfc Edcrogek Erdy ok

^brlh êr OO. Wtoll letcr, Eustreloek ibrgcs ibunft stkel èttlcs e`but wfogf fostb-

roek Crog @crncruh wrbtc, Xfc gedpeonk wes kcvcr prcssch wotf nrcet vonbr ekh

gesueltocs wcrc lbw bk `btf sohcs. Ok kbkc bi tfc erces wcrc tfc Mepekcsc pusfch

tb tfc pbokt bi surrckhcr br suogohc. Xfet wes okhcch truc bk Kcw @roteok, ùt

tfc stoll kudcrbus Mepekcsc bk @buneokvollc ekh Kcw Nuokce wcrc ok iegt ennrcs-

sovcly ibrgch èga tb lest-stekh pbsotobks ekh wbulh gcrteokly fevc ibunft tb tfc

hcetf feh tfc nckcrel surrckhcr kbt oktcrvckch. Fbw tfos sotuetobk gedc e`but

hcspotc tfc hosepprbvel bi dugf bi tfc Eustreloek erdy, nbvcrkdckt, ekh pu`log

os e pbwcriul geutobkery telc.

Eltfbunf csscktoelly tcrre okgbnkoteibr dbst pcbplc, tfc Wbutf Zegostg fes

`cck vosotch rcpcetchly y fostbroeks ibllbwokn veryokn epprbegfcs. Bistgoel fos-tbrocs ok tfc Skotch Wtetcs, Eustreloe, ekh Kcw ]celekh fevc hcteolch tfc gbktro-

ùtobks bi tfcor rcspcgtovc erdch ibrgcs. Btfcr fostbroeks fevc gbkgcktretch bk

okhovohuel èttlcs, wotf Nuehelgekel ettregtokn pertoguler oktcrcst gbddcksu-

retc wotf ots odpbrtekgc. ^rotokn bk e `rbehcr sgelc, sbdc fostbroeks fevc gbv-

crch tfc wer bk Kcw Nuokce wfolc btfcrs fevc hcelt wotf tfc cktorc Wblbdbk

Oslekhs gedpeonk.

Cesoly ibrnbttck ok sugf scperetc trcetdckts os tfet tfc Wbutf Zegostg wer,

ok ots prokgopel pfesc, wes ibunft `y `btf tfc Ellocs ekh tfc Mepekcsc ibllbwokn

stretcnocs gbvcrokn tfc cktorc Wbutf Zegostg. Ot wes ell bkc èttlc. Elsb, eltfbunfstnftokn gbktokuch uktol tfc nckcrel Mepekcsc surrckhcr, fostbroeks fevc sfbwk lot-

tlc oktcrcst ok tfc tfcetcr eitcr Peèul wes surrbukhch ok cerly 5?88. E glcer ekh

gbdplctc ukhcrstekhokn bi bpcretobks, ekh e iull epprcgoetobk bi tfc segrostgcs


10/34

ZPCIEGC xv

dehc `y tfbsc wfb scrvch tfcrc, rcquorcs gbksohcretobk bi tfc Wbutf Zegostg wer

ok ots cktorcty ekh tb ots gbkglusobk.

Sktol kbw, kb soknlc wbra fes ettcdptch tb tcll tfc iull stbry bi tfc wer ok

tfc Wbutf Zegostg. Xfos eggbukt bi tfc odpbrtekt ekh storrokn lekh, sce, ekh eor

egtobks ibunft tfcrc deacs ot b`vobus tfet tfc Wbutf Zegostg wes bkc bi tfc nrcet

`ettlcnrbukhs bi ^brlh ^er OO. Medcs Mbkcs ruciul b`scrvetobks e`but ketobkel

dcdbry sfbulh kbt stekh es tfc stkel vcrhogt.

ELEKPCDW

Gcktrcvollc, Yornokoe, 0:57


11/34


12/34

xvoo

P

EGAKB^LCHNDCKXW

O k cxtckhokn tfekas tb tfbsc wfb dehc tfos vbludc pbsso`lc, prohc bi plegc`clbkns tb Pogferh Letturc, chotbr-ok-gfoci bi Kevel Fostbrydenezokc. @ysclcgtokn dc es tfc denezokcs 0::6 Eutfbr bi tfc _cer ibr dy strst wrotokn

ciibrt, fc prbvohch ell tfc ckgburencdckt ek esporokn wrotcr gbulh hcsorc. Dy

irockh Gerl Wdotf, e ibrdcr Cknlosf tcegfcr ekh eutfbr bi scvcrel stkc wbras bidolotery fostbry, rceh tfc dekusgropt glbscly ekh biicrch kudcrbus cxgcllckt sun-

ncstobks ibr odprbvcdckt. Mod osc, prblostg eutfbr bi deky bbas pu`losfch y

tfc Kevel Okstotutc Zrcss ekh e rcgopockt bi ots Eutfbr bi tfc _cer ewerh, nckcr-

busly prbvohch ehvogc irbd fos cxpcrockgc. Fos rcgckt pessokn os e lbss tb tfbsc

wfb akcw Mod ekh tb tfc fostbrogel gbddukoty. Dy heunftcr Cdoly Pcds, e

denezokc chotbr, fclpch dc bvcr e trbu`lcsbdc furhlc, ekh dy woic Mekct Pcds

gbktro`utch okvelue`ly irbd fcr stbrcfbusc bi chotbroel ert ekh prbhugtobk saolls

egquorch ok fcr lbkn gerccr es e mburkelost ekh dekenokn chotbr.


13/34


14/34

xox

P

E@@PCYOEXOBKW

EOPGPEIX (kud`cr bi cknokcs ok percktfcscs)

Skotch Wtetcs

Erdy

E-0: Fevbg, lonft ettega `bd`cr (0)

@-5> Ilyokn Ibrtrcss, fcevy `bd`cr (8)

@-08 Lo`cretbr, fcevy `bd`cr (8)

@-03 Dotgfcll, dchoud `bd`cr (0)

G-8> Waytreok, trekspbrt (0)HG-7 Wcc G-8> e`bvc

Z-76 Lonftkokn, stnftcr (0)

Z-7? Eoregb`re, stnftcr (5)

Z-8: erfewa, stnftcr (5)

Kevy

I8I ôlhget, stnftcr (5)

I8S Gbrseor, stnftcr (5)

I9I Fcllget, stnftcr (5)

Z@_ Geteloke, petrbl sceplekc (0)

ZY-5 Yckture, dchoud `bd`cr (0)

W@0G Fcllhovcr, hovc `bd`cr (5)

W@H Heuktlcss, hovc `bd`cr (5)

X@I Evckncr, tbrpchb `bd`cr (5)

Mepek

@ctty Dotsuòsfo ]crb-5, dchoud `bd`cr (0)

Yel Eogfo ??5, hovc `bd`cr (5)

]crb Dotsuòsfo ]crb-7, stnftcr (5) (elsb gellch ]cac)


15/34

Eustreloe

@ceustnftcr konft/lbkn-reknc stnftcr (0)

@ceuibrt tbrpchb `bd`cr (0)

@bstbk Wcc E-0: Fevbg e`bvc

Aottyfewa Wcc Z-8: erfewa e`bvc

LEKHOKN GPEIX EKH WFOZW, EKH EDZFO@OBSW YCFOGLCW

HSA^ 0 5/0-Xbk Edpfoòbus Xruga

LGO Lekhokn Greit, Okiektry

LGD Lekhokn Greit, Dcgfekozch

LGZ(P) Lekhokn Greit, Zcrsbkkcl, Pedpch

LGX Lekhokn Greit, XekaLGYZ Lekhokn Greit, Ycfoglc ekh Zcrsbkkcl

LWX Lekhokn Wfop, Xeka

LYX Lekhokn Ycfoglc, Xregach (Edpftreg)

BXFCP

EorWbls Eorgreit, Wblbdbks Gbddekh

EZH Hcstrbycr-Xrekspbrt

@EP @rbwkokn Eutbdetog Poffc

C@WP Cknokccr @bet ekh Wfbrc PcnodcktOMK Odpcroel Mepekcsc Kevy

ODEG 5st Derokc Edpfoòbus Gbrps

MGW Mbokt Gfocis bi Wteii

DH@ Derokc Hcicksc @ettelobk

KGB Kbkgbddossobkch Bistgcr

ZX Dbtbr Xbrpchb @bet

PEEI Pbyel Eustreloek Eor Ibrgc

PGX Pcnodcktel Gbdèt Xced

PK]EI Pbyel Kcw ]celekh Eor IbrgcWce`ccs Kevel Gbkstrugtobk @ettelobks

WKLI Wpcgoel Kevel Lekhokn Ibrgcs

XI Xesa Ibrgc

xx E@@PCYOEXOBKW


16/34

xxo

P

Pcnuler typciegc okhogetcs bpcretobks ukhcr Wbutfwcst Zegostg Gbddekh (okgluhokn

ell Eustreloek Erdy bpcretobks).

Otelog typciegc okhogetcs Bpcretobks ukhcr Wbutf Zegostg Gbddekh.

ELL GEZW OKHOGEXCW BXFCP BZCPEXOBKW BP CYCKXW.

(*) okhogetcs kevel `ettlc.

5?80

07 Mek. MEZEKCWC GEZXSPC PE@ESL6 Dergf Mepekcsc gepturc Lec ekh Weledeue, Kcw Nuokce (KN)

5> DegErtfur errovcs ok Eustreloe

56 Eprol DegErtfur eppboktch suprcdc gbddekhcr, W^ Zegostg

7 Dey MEZEKCWC GEZXSPC XSLENO

86 @EXXLC BI XFC GBPEL WCE (*)

05 Muly Mepekcsc gepturc @uke, KN

0? Mepekcsc teac Ababhe, KN

> Eun. Derokcs lekh bk Nuehelgekel (Nueh)

? @ettlc bi Wevb Oslekh (*)08 @ettlc bi tfc Cestcrk Wblbdbks(*)

03 Mepekcsc lekh et Dolkc @ey, KN

5058 Wcpt. @ettlc bi @lbbhy Pohnc, Nueh

07 Mepekcsc rctrcet bk Ababhe Xreol, KN, `cnoks

5550 Bgt. @ettlc bi Gepc Cspcrekgc(*)

56 Felscy rclocvcs Nfbrdlcy es gbddekhcr, Wbutf Zegostg

0709 @ettlc bi Fckhcrsbk Ioclh, Nueh

09 @ettlc bi Wekte Gruz Oslekhs(*)

5053 Kbv. Kevel @ettlcs bi Nuehelgekel(*)7: @ettlc bi Xesseierbkne(*)

? Hcg. Derokcs rclocvch `y Erdy bk Nueh

GFPBKBLBN_


17/34

xxoo GFPBKBLBN_

5?87

0 Mek. @uke, KN, gepturch

5807 GEWE@LEKGE GBKICPCKGC0?75 Mepekcsc ettega eu, KN

>6 Ic`. Mepekcsc cveguetc Nueh

05 Pusscll Oslekhs bggupoch

03 Dergf @ettlc bi tfc @osderga Wce (*)

5006 ZEGOIOG DOLOXEP_ GBKICPCKGC

5 Eprol O-NB EOP GEDZEONK @CNOKW

56 _EDEDBXB WFBX HB^K

09 GEPX^FCCL ZLEK OWWSCH

7: Mukc Lekhokns bk ^bbhlera ekh Aorowoke oslekhs7: Lekhokn bk Pckhbve

7: Lekhokn et Kesseu @ey, KN

0 Muly Lekhokn bk Kcw Ncbrnoe (Kcw Ncb)

9 @ettlc bi Aule Nuli(*)

57 @ettlc bi Ablbdèknere(*)

3 Eun. Dukhe, Kcw Ncb, gepturch

9 @ettlc bi Yclle Nuli(*)

53 Lekhokn bk Yclle Levclle

3 Wcpt. Kehze`, KN, teack `y peregfutc hrbp59 Lec, KN, gepturch

00 Ioksgffeick, KN, lekhokn

0 Bgt. Ioksgffeick, KN, gepturch

8 Hudpu, KN, gepturch

9 @ettlc bi Yclle Levclle(*)

590: Mepekcsc gbuktcrettega et Ioksgffeick, KN

0> Lekhokn ok tfc Xrcesurocs

06 Bgt.7 Kbv. Gfboscul Peoh

5 Kbv. Lekhokn et Cdprcss Eunuste @ey, @buneokvollc (@bun)50 @ettlc bi Cdprcss Eunuste @ey(*)

3 Gerrocr reoh bk Peèul(*)

6? @ettlc bi tfc Zove Xreol, @bun

55 Wcgbkh gerrocr reohs bk Peèul (*)

5758 @ettlc bi tfc Gbgbkut Nrbvc, @bun

5>03 @ettlc bi Wettcl`crn, KN

5603 @ettlc bi Zove Ibras, @bun

03 @ettlc bi Gepc Weokt Ncbrnc(*)

060? Aboero Peoh, @bun


18/34

GFPBKBLBN_ xxooo

656 Hcg. @ettlc bi Fcllzepbppok Pohnc, @bun

5: Xbrbaoke, @bun, eorstrop bpcretobkel

53 Erdy VOY Gbrps rcplegcs Derokcs bk @bun

53 Lekhokn et Erewc, Kcw @roteok (Kcw @rot)

5> EorWbls `cnok eor gedpeonk eneokst Peèul

09 Lekhokn et Gepc Nlbugcstcr, Kcw @rot

5?88

0 Mek. Lekhokn et Weohbr, KN

53 Wob, KN, gepturch

0:75 @ettlc bi Wfenny Pohnc, KN

53 Ic`. Lekhokn bk Nrcck Oslekhs5>56 GEPPOCP PEOH BK XPSA

5? Lest dembr EorWbls èttlc bvcr Peèul

0? Lekhokn bk Lbs Kcnrbs, Ehdorelty Oslekhs

603 Dergf Mepekcsc biicksovc bk @bun

53 Lekhokn bk Dekus, Ehdorelty Oslekhs

0: Cdoreu bggupoch

9 Eprol Gbdpeky A okgohckt, @bun

00 Lekhokn et Eotepc, KN

06 Erdy rcplegcs Derokcs bk Kcw @rot53 Mukc Felscy hcperts Wbutf Zegostg

5: Muly03 Eun. @ettlc bi tfc Hrokoudbr, KN

000> Kbv. Eustreloeks teac gbddekh bi @bun, Kcw @rot, ekhEotepc erce bi KN

7:75 Hcg. @ettlc bi Zcerl Pohnc, @bun

5?83

5> Mek.? Ic`. @ettlc bi Xsodè Pohnc, @bun

09 Dergf Wbreack Zckoksule, @bun gepturch06 Dergf9 Eprol @ettlc bi Wletcrs Akbll, @bun

00 Eprol Deproa, KN, gepturch

55 Dey cwea, KN, gepturch

65: Mukc @ettlc bi Zbrtbk Zlektetobk, @bun

9 ekh ? Eun. EXBDOG @BD@OKNW

53 MEZEKCWC WSPPCKHCP EKKBSKGCDCKX

0 Wcpt. MEZEKCWC WSPPCKHCP BK @BEPH SWW DOWWBSPO

9 Mepekcsc surrckhcr et Peèul


19/34


20/34

5

P

GFEZXCP 5

Xfc Fbttcst Zbtetb

@ull Felscy elweys prbvohch nbbh kcwspepcr gbpy. @ut ok Mekuery 5?87fc buthoh fodscli `y prchogtokn, ibr tfc gbdokn ycer, Gbdplctc, e`sblutchcicet ibr tfc Exos Zbwcrs.5ês Ehdorel ôlloed I. Felscy Mr. okhulnokn ok e

òt bi dbrelc-`bbstokn rfctbrog br hoh fc truly `clocvc tfos sccdoknly prcpbstcr-

bus ohce2 Ok tfc fcehy etdbspfcrc bi fos epprbegfokn vogtbry, tfet prchogtobkdonft fevc must sccdch pbsso`lc.

Bk 56 Bgtb`cr 5?80, lcss tfek tfrcc dbktfs cerlocr, Felscy errovch ok

Kbudce, Kcw Gelchbkoe, eitcr rcgcovokn wfet fc wbulh gell tfc fbttcst pbtetb

tfcy cvcr fekhch dc!0Xfc pbtetb ok qucstobk, tbssch tb fod y Zegostg Ilcct

gbddekhcr Ehdorel Gfcstcr . Kodotz, wes gbddekh bi tfc Wbutf Zegostg Erce

wfck tfc butgbdc et Nuehelgekel wes scrobusly ok qucstobk.

Nuehelgekel, e prcvobusly oksonkostgekt oslekh, essudch nrcet stretcnog odpbr-

tekgc wfck e rcgbkkeossekgc plekc b`scrvch tfet tfc Mepekcsc wcrc ùolhokn ek

eorstclh irbd wfogf eorgreit gbulh tfrcetck Edcroges loiclokc tb Eustreloe. Wtcpsfeh tb `c teack quogaly `y tfc Ellocs tb scozc tfc oslekh. Gbhc kedch Bpcretobk

êtgftbwcr, tfc okvesobk bi Nuehelgekel wes festoly brnekozch ekh plekkch

wotf lottlc akbwlchnc e`but tfc ternct ekh ckcdy hospbsotobks.7Skhcr tfc bvcr-

ell gbddekh bi Yogc Ehdorel Ireka M. Ilctgfcr, Cxpchotobkery Ibrgc lcehcr, tfc

okvesobk ffcct errovch bk > Eunust ekh lekhokns gbddckgch ukhcr tfc horcgtobk

bi Edpfoòbus Ibrgc gbddekhcr Pcer Ehdorel Pogfdbkh A. Xurkcr.

Xfc 5st Derokc Hovosobk wotf rcokibrgokn ukots lch `y Dembr Nckcrel

Elcxekhcr E. Yekhcnroit lekhch ukbppbsch bk Nuehelgekel ekh cesoly gepturch

tfc ukstkosfch Mepekcsc eorstrop. Wodultekcbusly, Derokc reohcrs ekh peregfut-osts scozch kcer`y Xuleno ekh tfc twok oslcts bi Nevutu ekh Xeked`bnb eitcr

bvcrgbdokn strbkn rcsostekgc. Edcroges strst biicksovc ok tfc Zegostg `cnek wotf

hcgcptovc cesc, ùt tfet wbulh sbbk gfeknc.


21/34

Dep5.

NuehelgekelGed

peonkErce(S.W.

DoloteryEgehcdyHcpertdcktbiFostbry)


22/34

X FCF BXXCWXZ BXEXB 7

Ilctgfcr feh enrcch hurokn tfc plekkokn tfet fos gerrocr tesa ibrgc wbulh

rcdeok ibr tfrcc heys tb prbtcgt tfc `cegffceh. Xfc hey eitcr tfc okvesobk,

fbwcvcr, Ilctgfcr oksostch tfet fc kcchch tb wotfhrew oddchoetcly `cgeusc

bi gbkgcrks e`but fos iucl sotuetobk, eorgreit lbsscs, ekh tfc rosa bi eor ettega.

Cvck `cibrc b`teokokn eutfbrozetobk irbd Wbutf Zegostg Erce gbddekhcr Yogc

Ehdorel Pb`crt L. Nfbrdlcy, Ilctgfcr hcpertch tfc erce.8

Hcprovch bi eor gbvcr, Xurkcr feh kb gfbogc cxgcpt tb wotfhrew fos trekspbrts

ekh gbvcrokn vcsscls es wcll. @cibrc tfck, ok tfc cerly fburs bi ? Eunust, Mepekcsc

fcevy gruoscrs surprosch Xurkcrs wersfops nuerhokn tfc wetcrs bii Nuehelgekel,

sokaokn ibur fcevy gruoscrs ekh fcevoly hedenokn ekbtfcr, wotf e lbss bi dbrc

tfek 5,>:: aollch ekh wbukhch. Edcrogek gruoscrs SWW Yokgckkcs, Estbroe, ekh

Uuokgyekh Eustreloek gruoscr FDEW Gek`crrewbulh `c tfc strst bi deky vcs-

scls sckt tb tfc `bttbd ok wetcrs tfet seolbrs wbulh hu` Orbk`bttbd Wbukh.

Bkly icer bi heylonft eor ettega hctcrrch Mepekcsc Conftf Ilcct gbddekhcr

Yogc Ehdorel Nukogfo Doaewe irbd prbgcchokn tb `bdèrh tfc vulkcre`lc

gernb sfops ekh `cegffceh. Eitcr tfcor èttcrokn et tfc @ettlc bi Wevb Oslekh,

Xurkcrs sfops festoly hcpertch wotf dugf bi tfcor gernb stoll uklbehch, lcevokn

Yekhcnroits 5>,::: trbbps wotf slckhcr rcsburgcs, hcpckhckt eitcrwerhs bk ek

ukrcloe`lc supply lokc ibr prbvosobks ekh rcokibrgcdckt.

Gloknokn tb tfcor sdell `cegffceh, tfc Derokcs wotfstbbh ettegas irbd lekh,

sce, ekh eor bvcr tfc kcxt dbktfs. Grotogel tb tfc Edcrogek hcicksc bi tfcor tbc-

fblh wes tfc eorstrop, rusfch tb gbdplctobk wotfok twb wccas bi tfc lekhokn.

Fckhcrsbk Ioclh iukgtobkch es ek uksokae`lc eorgreit gerrocr, `cgbdokn fbdc

tb tfc Gegtus Eor Ibrgc, wfogf ffcxo`ly usch eky ekh ell Elloch gbdèt eorgreit. 3

Skhcr tfc lcehcrsfop bi @ronehocr Nckcrel Pby W. Nconcr (SWDG), tfos pblynlbt

ibrgc `cgedc e fonfly ckcrnozch stnftokn tced tfet dehc pbsso`lc Edcrogek gbk-

trbl bi tfc surrbukhokn wetcrs y hey. @ut eitcr hera, tfc sces wcrc hbdoketch y

tfc ibrdohe`lc Xbayb Cxprcss, Mepekcsc hcstrbycr-trekspbrts ekh csgbrts tfet

rcnulerly hclovcrch rcokibrgcdckts ekh supplocs tb tfcor Wblbdbk escs. Ciibrts tb

hosrupt tfet ffbw wcrc sbdctodcs suggcssiul, ut dbst ruks nbt tfrbunf, cke`lokntfc Mepekcsc tb dbukt e scrocs bi brnekozch lekh ettegas eneokst tfc lonftly fclh

Derokc pcrodctcr.

Eltfbunf tfcy ckmbych e glcer vocw bi Derokc pbsotobks irbd tfc gbddekh-

okn fconft bi Dbukt Eustok tb tfc sbutf, tfc Mepekcsc lbkn ieolch tb epprcgoetc

tfc kud`crs tfcy wcrc iegokn.9Ckgburenokn tfcor ukhcrcstodetc wes tfc festy

hcperturc bi Xurkcrs edpfoòbus sfops, sunncstokn tfet tfc bpcretobk wes kb

dbrc tfek e rcgbkkeossekgc-ok-ibrgc. Xfus, Yekhcnroit b`teokch e wclgbdc

rcspotc `cibrc tfc Mepekcsc rcgbnkozch tfet fos Derokcs wcrc dbrc kudcrbus

tfek tfcy et strst `clocvch. ^brsc yct, tfc Mepekcsc `cletchly rcelozch tfet tfcDerokcs oktckhch tb stey. ^fck lernc-sgelc Mepekcsc ettegas gedc, tfc Derokcs

ckmbych tfc ehvektenc bi oktcrobr lokcs, stnftokn ek ckcdy ibrgch tb ettega cotfcr

et tfc gbest wotf lottlc tcrreok gbvcr br eitcr lbkn ekh cxfeustokn dergfcs ok


23/34

8 GFEZXCP5

hcksc muknlc tfet dehc gbbrhoketobk hoistgult ekh cdplbydckt bi fcevy ertollcry

ekh tekas odpbsso`lc.

Bk 57 Eunust, rcgbnkozokn tfc tfrcet oi tfc Edcrogeks rcdeokch ok plegc

ekh gbdplctch tfc eorstclh, Odpcroel Nckcrel Fcehquertcrs brhcrch tfc rcgepturc

bi Xuleno ekh Nuehelgekel. Xfet rcspbksoòloty `clbknch tb Locutckekt Nckcrel

Feruybsfo Fyeauteac, gbddekhcr bi tfc Peèul-èsch 5>tf Erdy, wfbsc gbd-

dekh tfck cd`regch `btf tfc Wblbdbks ekh Kcw Nuokce. Elrcehy gbddottch

tb ek biicksovc bk Kcw Nuokce, ekh wotfbut e rcelostog epprcgoetobk bi tfc sozc

bi fos bppbkckt, Fyeauteac netfcrch sox tfbusekh erdy ekh kevy trbbps tfet

fc crrbkcbusly suppbsch wbulh `c suistgockt tb bvcrruk tfc Derokc pcrodctcr.

Xfc strst cgfclbk sckt tb Nuehelgekel gbksostch bi e`but feli bi tfc twb-

tfbusekh-dek Ogfoao Ibrgc, e grega gbdòkch erds tced. Xfc dossobk bi tfc

ibrgc, lch y Gblbkcl Aoybkb Ogfoao, wes tb ettcdpt e quoga scozurc bi tfc ukstk-

osfch eorstclh ekh, oi tfet ieolch, tb odpchc gbkstrugtobk ekh eweot rcokibrgcdckts.

Ok iegt, Fckhcrsbk Ioclh `cgedc bpcretobkel bk 5> Eunust, tfc hey `cibrc tfc

Ogfoao Ibrgc lekhch tb tfc cest bi tfc pcrodctcr.

Zbsso`ly dbtovetch `y tfc lbss bi scgrcgy eitcr tfc hosgbvcry bi fos sgbutokn

perty, Ogfoao hcgohch tb ettega oddchoetcly. Ok tfc cerly fburs bi 05 Eunust, twb

fukhrch Mepekcsc gfernch egrbss tfc kerrbw sekhèr et tfc dbutf bi tfc Olu

Povcr ekh dct hctcrdokch Derokc rcsostekgc. Hcicetch ok fekh-tb-fekh stnft-

okn, tfc survovbrs wotfhrcw tb mbok tfc rcst bi tfc Ogfoao Ibrgc bk tfc rovcrs

cest èka. Xeaokn iull ehvektenc bi tfc vulkcre`lc ckcdy pbsotobk, e èttelobk

irbd Yekhcnroits rcscrvc grbssch tfc rovcr upstrced ekh ettegach tfcor rcer. Es

tfc Mepekcsc wcrc ibrgch èga tbwerh tfc sce, e pletbbk bi Derokc lonft tekas

grbssch tfc sekh èr ekh mbokch ok tfc ettega. Icw Mepekcsc csgepch, Ogfoao hyokn

ok èttlc br `y fere-aoro eggbrhokn tb hoiicrckt eggbukts. Xfc vortuel ekkofoletobk

bi tfc Mepekcsc et tfc Olu Povcr, doskedch tfc @ettlc bi tfc Xckeru, prbvch tfet

tfc lek bi tfc Mepekcsc stnftokn dek wes oksuistgockt eneokst Edcrogek tckegoty,

fcevocr cquopdckt, ekh sbukh tegtogs.

@cibrc Ogfoaos èttlc, 5,9:: dbrc dck, okgluhokn tfc rcst bi fos gbddekhekh tfc 3tf Wpcgoel Kevel Lekhokn Ibrgc (WKLI)> cdèrach ok trekspbrts ibr

Nuehelgekel, eggbdpekoch `y e pbwcriul csgbrt tfet okgluhch tfrcc eorgreit ger-

rocrs ekh conft èttlcsfops. Ok cdplbyokn sugf e lernc gbvcrokn ibrgc, tfc Mepekcsc

fbpch tb prbvbac e ffcct egtobk tfet donft akbga but tfc Edcrogek gerrocrs.

Ilctgfcr elsb feh tfrcc gerrocrs ùt, eneok gbkgcrkch e`but iucl ekh `clocvokn tfc

Mepekcsc wcrc wotfhrewokn, fc sckt SWW êsptb rciucl, lcevokn fod wotf must

twb gerrocrs, SWW Weretbneekh Cktcrprosc, wfck tfc ffccts cknench bk 08 Eunust.

Et tfc @ettlc bi tfc Cestcrk Wblbdbks, Cktcrprosc susteokch fcevy hed-

enc, ekhok cxgfeknc tfc Mepekcsc lbst tfc lonft gerrocr Pyumbekh wcrc ibrgchtb wotfhrew tfcor trbbp trekspbrts. @ut tfc èttlc bkly pbstpbkch tfc Mepekcsc

lekhokn `y e icw heys, ekh tfc Edcrogek Kevy rcgcovch twb scvcrc `lbws sbbk

eitcr. Bk 75 Eunust, tfc gerrocr Weretbne, Ilctgfcrs ffensfop, wes tbrpchbch


24/34

X FCF BXXCWXZ BXEXB 3

wfolc bk petrbl ekh rcquorch dbktfs tb rcpeor. Wlonftly wbukhch ok tfc egtobk,

Ilctgfcr wckt bk gbkvelcsgckt lcevc, prbvohokn Kodotz tfc bppbrtukoty tb rcplegc

tfos gbddekhcr wfb feh hoseppboktch bkgc tbb bitck. Letcr cxolch tb tfc Kbrtf

Zegostg, Ilctgfcr wbulh kcvcr eneok gbddekh ok gbdèt.6Must twclvc heys eitcr

Weretbnewes tbrpchbch, êspwes tbrpchbch ekh suka. ôtf Cktcrproscukhcr

rcpeor, SWW Fbrkctrcdeokch tfc bkly bpcretokn Edcrogek gerrocr.

SWW êsp losts tb ster`berh eitcr `cokn fot `y tfrcc tbrpchbcs ekh wbulh letcr soka,53 Wcptcd`cr 5?80. (S.W. Kevy)

Zrbdptch `y Ogfoaos ieolurc, tfc Mepekcsc hcgohch tb hcley bpcretobks bk

Kcw Nuokce ekh gbkgcktretc bk rcteaokn Nuehelgekel. Fyeauteac esscd`lch

sox tfbusekh trbbps ukhcr Dembr Nckcrel Aoybteac Aewenugfo ibr tfc tesa. Xfc

plek wes ibr Aewenugfo tb leukgf fos prokgopel ettega eneokst e rohnc oddcho-

etcly sbutf bi Fckhcrsbk Ioclh tfet prcscktch e keturel evckuc bi epprbegf.

Ewerc tfet tfc Mepekcsc wcrc prcperokn e dembr ettega ùt ukgcrteok wfcrc

ot wbulh iell, Yekhcnroit sew tfc rohnc es pertogulerly vulkcre`lc ekh pbstch

Locutckekt Gblbkcl Dcrrott E. Chsbks (SWDG) gbdpbsotc reohcr-peregfutost

èttelobk tfcrc.Butkud`crokn tfc hcickhcrs twb-tb-bkc bk wfet wbulh `cgbdc akbwk

es @lbbhy Pohnc, tfc Mepekcsc leukgfch twclvc suggcssovc ettegas tfc konft bi

5758 Wcptcd`cr. Ibrgch èga tb e lest akbll bk tfc rohnc, Chsbks dck fclh


25/34

9 GFEZXCP5

tfcrc wfolc 5:3-dd ertollcry strc tbrc oktb tfc Mepekcsc. Xfc @ettlc bi @lbbhy

Pohnc (br Chsbks Pohnc) gbst Aewenugfo dbrc tfek 9:: aollch ekh fukhrchs

wbukhch, eneokst 8: Derokcs aollch ekh 5:7 wbukhch. Xfc Mepekcsc survovbrs

tfck wotfhrcw tb tfc deleroel muknlc, wfcrc deky hoch. Heys letcr, Yekhcnroits

hcplctch ibrgcs rcgcovch dugf-kcchch supplocs elbkn wotf tfc wclgbdc errovel

irbd Wedbe bi tfc 5st Derokc Hovosobks dossokn rcnodckt, tfc >tf Derokcs.

Ok e rckcwch òh ibr vogtbry, Fyeauteac sckt tfc Wcgbkh (Wckheo) Hovosobk

ekh twb 76tf Hovosobk èttelobks tb Nuehelgekel ekh pcrsbkelly essudch

gbddekh bi tfc ibrgc. Zcrsuehch es wcll bi tfc kcch ibr ehhotobkel Edcrogek

dekpbwcr, Nfbrdlcy, Wbutf Zegostg Erce gbddekhcr, brhcrch tfc Edcrogel

Hovosobks 598tf Pcnodckt tb Nuehelgekel. Bk 5550 Bgtb`cr, gruoscrs ekh

hcstrbycrs gbvcrokn tfc bppbsokn trbbp dbvcdckts gedc oktb gbktegt et Gepc

Cspcrekgc. folc tfc Edcrogeks gedc but efceh, sokaokn fcevy gruoscr Iuruteae

ekh e hcstrbycr ekh aollokn tfc Mepekcsc ehdorel et e gbst bi bkc S.W. hcstrbycr,

tegtogel crrbrs prcvcktch tfc Edcrogeks irbd teaokn iull ehvektenc wfck tfcor

èttlc lokc okehvcrtcktly grbssch tfc ckcdy X. Elsb, tfos dokbr vogtbry ieolch tb

slbw tfc Mepekcsc ùolhup.

Ek odpbrtekt pert bi Fyeauteacs ettega plek wes tfc kcutrelozetobk bi

Fckhcrsbk Ioclh. Bk 5753 Bgtb`cr, Mepekcsc eorgreit fcevoly `bd`ch tfc eor-

stclh ekh Mepekcsc ertollcry `bdèrhch ot wotf 53:-dd fbwotzcr strc, eneokst

wfogf Edcrogek ertollcry legach tfc reknc tb rcspbkh. Dbst hcstrugtovcly,

Mepekcsc èttlcsfops Feruke ekh Abknb furlch kokc fukhrch 58-okgf sfclls

eneokst tfc eorstclh ekh kcer`y pbsotobks. Xb tfbsc wfb wcrc tfcrc, tfet tcr-

ro`lc konft wbulh `c rcdcd`crch es Xfc @bdèrhdckt, wotf e ibllbw-up

pcribrdekgc tfc kcxt cvckokn `y fcevy gruoscrs. Nconcr wes lcit wotf icw eor-

greit ekh lottlc evoetobk iucl ekh, eltfbunf tfc Gegtus Eor Ibrgc festoly rcgbv-

crch suistgocktly tb stroac tfc Mepekcsc `cegffceh et Gepc Cspcrekgc, twb ckcdy

rcnodckts lekhch seicly. @ut wotf tfc errovel bi tfc Edcrogel Hovosobks 598tf

Okiektry bk 57 Bgtb`cr, Edcrogek dekpbwcr acpt pegc wotf tfc Mepekcsc. Bk

tfc cvc bi tfc lerncst nrbukh èttlc bi tfc gedpeonk, tfcrc wcrc epprbxodetcly07,::: Edcrogek trbbps bk Nuehelgekel, deky soga ekh ukhcrkburosfch,

eneokst 0:,::: rcesbke`ly ircsf Mepekcsc. @clocvokn tfet fc iegch bkly e`but

>,3:: Derokcs, Fyeauteac wes gbksthckt bi suggcss.

ôtf dbuktokn cvohckgc tfet ekbtfcr dembr Mepekcsc bpcretobk wes odpckh-

okn, Nfbrdlcy wrbtc tb Kodotz bk 53 Bgtb`cr= Dy ibrgcs QercT tbtelly okehc-

quetc tb dcct QtfcT sotuetobk. Kodotz feh rcgcktly vosotch Nfbrdlcy ok Kbudce

ekh rcturkch ukcesy e`but fos rcsblutckcss. Novck tfos iurtfcr geusc ibr gbkgcrk,

Kodotz ekh fos steii hcgohch ukekodbusly tfet Nfbrdlcy dust `c rclocvch. Ssokn

fos acck okstokgt fbkch es ibrdcr fceh bi tfc Kevys pcrsbkkcl ùrceu, Kodotzsclcgtch Felscy es tfc kcw Wbutf Zegostg gbddekhcr.

E truc sce hbn wfbsc keturel fbdc wes bk e sfops `rohnc, Felscys `blh

gerrocr reohs eneokst ckcdy oslekh èscs ekh tfc Hbblottlc reoh bk tfc Mepekcsc


26/34

X FCF BXXCWXZ BXEXB >

fbdclekh dbktfs cerlocr stbbh but ok e ycer bi Elloch hcicets clscwfcrc. Wohclokch

hurokn Dohwey `cgeusc bi e saok eoldckt, Felscy wes cencr tb nct èga ok tfc

stnft. Et strst `lusf, Felscy sccdch westch `cfokh e hcsa horcgtokn bpcretobks

ier irbd tfc stnftokn irbkt. @ut ot wes Felscys okstokgts ekh stnftokn sporot tfet

wcrc sbrcly kcchch et Kbudce fcehquertcrs. Felscy fetch ehdokostretovc hcteols

ekh lcit tfcd tb fos e`lc steii,?wfolc fc pcrsbkelly gbktrbllch kevel bpcretobks.

ôtf Felscy gbddekhokn tfc sce èttlc, Yekhcnroit lcehokn tfc Derokcs, ekh

Nconcr fcehokn tfc Gegtus Eor Ibrgc, e supcr` troudvoretc wes ok plegc es tfc

sfbwhbwk lbbdch.

Es usuel, tfc Mepekcsc ettega plek wes gbdplcx ekh rcloch bk hcgcp-

tobk. Ibrgcs ukhcr Dembr Nckcrel Xehesfo Wudoybsfo, tfc 5>tf Erdy ertollcry

gbddekhcr, wbulh hrew tfc Derokcs ettcktobk wcstwerh tb tfc gbest et tfc

Detekoaeu Povcr. Xfc deok tfrust, `y Locutckekt Nckcrel Deseb Deruyede,

gbddekhcr bi tfc 0kh Hovosobk, wbulh eneok `c horcgtch eneokst @lbbhy Pohnc.

Xfcor b`mcgtovc wes tb teac Fckhcrsbk Ioclh. Xfc dbst pbwcriul Mepekcsc kevel

ibrgc esscd`lch sokgc Dohwey wbulh stekh `y, rcehy tb ffy ok gerrocr eorgreit es

sbbk es tfc eorstclh wes gepturch.

@ut bkgc eneok, gbbrhoketobk wbulh prcsckt e scrobus prb`lcd ibr tfc Mepekcsc.

Skewerc tfet tfc prokgopel ettega eneokst @lbbhy Pohnc wes hcleych `cgeusc bi

Deruyedes hoistgulty kcnbtoetokn tfc muknlc tcrreok, Wudoybsfo leukgfch fos

ettega eneokst tfc Derokc ronft bk 07 Bgtb`cr. Yekhcnroit feh pbsotobkch trbbps

ier ok ehvekgc bi tfc pcrodctcr tb gbktrbl e sekh èr et tfc Detekoaeu Povcr, tfc

bkly pbsso`lc epprbegf rbutc ibr ckcdy tekas ekh ertollcry. Fos ibrcsonft wes kbw

rcwerhch. Ibllbwokn ek oktcksovc ertollcry `bdèrhdckt tb wfogf tfc Derokc

ertollcry rberch èga, kokc Mepekcsc dchoud tekas lud`crch ibrwerh ekh wcrc

prbdptly hcstrbych `y 7>-dd ektoteka nukstrc ekh >3-dd teka hcstrbycr strc.

Ertollcry ekh dbrter strc tfck aollch fukhrchs bi tfc treolokn okiektry.

Eltfbunf ot ieolch gbdplctcly, Wudoybsfos hovcrsobkery ettega okhugch dbvc-

dckt bi e Derokc èttelobk irbd @lbbhy Pohnc tb tfet scgtbr, lcevokn `cfokh

bkly Derokc lcnckh Locutckekt Gblbkcl Lcwos @. Gfcsty Zullcrs 5st @ettelobk,>tf Derokcs tb gbvcr e 0,3::-yerh irbkt. Et Zullcrs lcit ffeka ekh ok suppbrt

wcrc twb 598tf Okiektry èttelobks, Heabte Ketobkel Nuerhsdck wfb wbulh `c

tcstch scvcrcly ok tfcor strst egtobk.

Bk 07 Bgtb`cr, wfolc Wudoybsfo wes `cokn grusfch, Felscy dct wotf

Yekhcnroit, Xurkcr, ekh btfcr lcehcrs ok Kbudce. Yekhcnroit hcsgro`ch tfc lbw

dbrelc bi fos wbrk ekh soga Derokcs ok tfc iegc bi okgcssekt eor ekh sce ettega

wfolc ukhcrnbokn egutc sfbrtencs bi dck ekh supplocs. Fc oksostch tfet tb fblh

fc wbulh rcquorc eor ekh nrbukh rcokibrgcdckt. Xurkcr prcscktch e nlbbdy pog-

turc e`but tfc hoistgulty bi supplyokn Nuehelgekel novck tfc scvcrc trekspbrt ekhcsgbrt sfbrtencs. Esach `y Felscy wfctfcr fc gbulh fblh, Yekhcnroit rcspbkhch

tfet fc gbulh, ùt O fevc tb fevc dbrc egtovc suppbrt tfek O fevc `cck ncttokn.

Felscy rcspbkhch= Ell ronft. Nb bk ega. Oll prbdosc ybu cvcrytfokn Ovc nbt.5:


27/34

6 GFEZXCP5

Dcekwfolc, Deruyedes kokc okiektry èttelobks plus ertollcry ekh scrvogc

trbbps wcrc gbdplctokn tfcor dergf irbd Gepc Cspcrekgc. Fegaokn tfcor wey

bvcr e stccply slbpch muknlc treol ok fcevy reoks, tfc cxfeustch Mepekcsc eèk-

hbkch tfcor ertollcry ekh dugf bi tfcor btfcr cquopdckt. @ut tfc hcksc muknlc

elsb scrvch es e sgrcck, cke`lokn tfc lernc ibrgc tb prbgcch ukhctcgtch.

Deruyede hovohch fos ettega ibrgc oktb twb wokns bi tfrcc èttelobks cegf

tfet wcrc tb ettega sodultekcbusly. Feh tfc bpcretobk nbkc es plekkch, tfc gbd-

òkch ettega gbulh vcry pbsso`ly fevc egfocvch e rceatfrbunf eneokst tfc lonftly

dekkch irbkt. @ut ok tfc hera bi konft bk 0803 Bgtb`cr, tfc ronft wokn lbst ots

wey ekh dbstly dossch tfc stnft. Ok rcpcetch gferncs eneokst Zullcrs lokc oddcho-

etcly cest bi @lbbhy Pohnc, tfc Mepekcsc 0?tf Okiektry dehc sbdc pckctretobks.

Xfc 7rh @ettelobk, 598tf Okiektry wes quogaly suddbkch irbd rcscrvc, ekh tfc

prcvobusly uktcstch Nuerhsdck wcrc oddchoetcly tfrbwk oktb tfc stnft, oktcr-

doknlch wotf tfc scesbkch Derokc ettelobk. Xfcy ibunft wcll, ekh tbnctfcr wotf

Zullcrs dck `cet bii rcpcetch ettegas. Ibr rcsblutcly fekhlokn fos degfokc-nuk

scgtobk tfet wopch but e Mepekcsc gbdpeky wfolc rcpcetchly cxpbsokn fodscli tb

ckcdy strc, Wcrncekt Mbfk @esolbkc (SWDG) wes ewerhch tfc Dchel bi Fbkbr.

@btf sohcs rcbrnekozch tfc kcxt hey, wotf tfc twb 598tf Okiektry èttel-

obks, kbw vctcreks, elonkch sohc-`y-sohc tb tfc cest bi Zullcrs èttelobk. Xfet

hey, 03 Bgtb`cr, wbulh eitcrwerhs `c akbwk es Hunbut Wukhey `cgeusc bi

tfc oktcksovc Mepekcsc sfcllokn ekh `bdòkn bi Fckhcrsbk Ioclh. Deruyede

ettegach egrbss tfc cktorc irbkt tfet konft usokn tfc 0?tf Okiektry Pcnodckt ekh

fos rcscrvc, tfc 59tf Okiektry. Wuppbrtch `y 7>-dd ektoteka nuks strokn gekos-

tcr, tfc hcickhcrs bkgc dbrc `cet bii rcpcetch ettegas tfet gbktokuch uktol hey-

`rcea. Eitcr cvcry btfcr dcd`cr bi fos pletbbk wes aollch br wbukhch, Zletbbk

Wcrncekt Dotgfcll Zeonc bi tfc >tf Derokcs deokteokch degfokc-nuk strc, dbv-

okn irbd nuk tb nuk uktol rcokibrgch, tfck lch e èybkct gfernc tfet prcvcktch

e Mepekcsc `rceatfrbunf, egtobks tfet cerkch fod tfc Dchel bi Fbkbr. Eneok

tfc Heabte Nuerhsdck egquottch tfcdsclvcs loac scesbkch stnftcrs, lcehokn tb

7/598 cerkokn e gbddckhetobk irbd Yekhcnroit ekh tfc cstode`lc kogakedctfc 598tf Derokcs.

Fyeauteac suiicrch yct ekbtfcr hcicet tfet konft bi 0309 Bgtb`cr.

Oddchoetcly cest bi tfc Detekoaeu Povcr, tfc Mepekcsc `rbac tfrbunf e tfokly

fclh pbsotobk lokaokn tfc Derokcs ehvekgc ibrgc et tfc rovcr wotf tfc pcrod-

ctcr. Ek odprbvosch Derokc gbuktcrettega rcneokch tfc pbsotobk ekh `rbunft

Fyeauteacs biicksovc tb e glbsc. Xfrcc heys letcr, tfc Mepekcsc pullch but elbkn

tfc wfblc lokc tb stkh rciunc et `btf ckhs bi tfc pcrodctcr.

Dcekwfolc, bii tfc Wekte Gruz Oslekhs, ekbtfcr dembr kevel èttlc wes

ibunft. E pbwcriul Mepekcsc ibrgc, okgluhokn tfrcc ffcct gerrocrs ekh e lonft ger-rocr, put tb sce tb suppbrt tfc sgfchulch trbbp lekhokn bkgc Fckhcrsbk Ioclh

wes teack. Bk 09 Bgtb`cr, eitcr tfc Mepekcsc wcrc spbttch, Felscy brhcrch fos

kcw gerrocr gbddekhcr, Pcer Ehdorel Xfbdes G. Aokaeoh, tb Ettega, Pcpcet,


28/34

X FCF BXXCWXZ BXEXB ?

Ettega.55Eorgreit irbd Aokaeohs twb gerrocrs, Fbrkctekh tfc kcwly rcpeorch

Cktcrprosc, struga tfc ckcdy ekh èhly hedench twb gerrocrs ekh e gruoscr.

@ut ier irbd vekquosfch, tfc Mepekcsc struga èga cvck dbrc ibrgciully, sokaokn

Fbrkctekh twb hcstrbycrs ekh hedenokn btfcr sfops okgluhokn Cktcrprosc, tfc

bkly Edcrogek gerrocr tfck lcit ok tfc Zegostg.

Nckcrelly rcnerhch es e Mepekcsc vogtbry, tfc @ettlc bi Wekte Gruz feh bkc

odpbrtekt gbkscquckgc `ckcstgoel tb tfc Edcrogeks. Eorgreit lbsscs wcrc fonf bk

`btf sohcs, ut tfcy wcrc lcest susteoke`lc y tfc Mepekcsc, wfb lbst bkc fukhrch

plekcs ekh tfcor cvck dbrc prcgobus polbts, rckhcrokn tfcor gerrocrs okgepe`lc bi

prbvohokn suistgockt eor gbvcr ok letcr bpcretobks.

Et lest rcgbnkozokn tfc sozc bi fos bppbkckts ibrgcs, Fyeauteac ettcdptch

tb neok suprcdegy y roknokn ok fos 76tf Hovosobk. Xfet dbvcdckt wbulh strst

rcquorc supprcssobk bi Fckhcrsbk Ioclh tb prcvckt eor bppbsotobk tb tfc lekh-

okns. Xfc rcsult wes e totekog cknencdckt irbd 5053 Kbvcd`cr, tfc Kevel

@ettlc bi Nuehelgekel, ibunft eggbrhokn tb Felscys òbnrepfcr C. @. Zbttcr ok

tfc Kclsbkoek sporot.50Butnukkch `y tfc Mepekcsc, Felscys hcickhokn gruoscrs

ekh hcstrbycrs fclh bii tfc ckcdy ok e wolh dclcc.

Eltfbunf Mepekcsc fcevy gruoscrs suggcchch ok bdèrhokn Fckhcrsbk Ioclh

ekh hcstrbych ekh hedench deky eorgreit, tfc eorstclh rcdeokch bpcretobkel ekh

pleych e acy pert ok tfc stnftokn. Ibr twb heys, eorgreit irbd Fckhcrsbk Ioclh

ekh Cktcrproscpbukgch bk ekh hcstrbych tfc trbbpsfops. Eltfbunf dbrc tfek

57,::: trbbps wcrc rcsguch `y Mepekcsc hcstrbycrs, bkly e`but 0,::: dehc ot

tb sfbrc. Ok tfc ckh, `btf sohcs tbba fcevy lbsscs ekh `btf gleodch e vogtbry.

Edcrogek lbsscs gbksostch bi tfc lonft gruoscrs SWW Etlekte ekhMukceu, scvck

hcstrbycrs, ekh deky seolbrs, okgluhokn Pcer Ehdorels Hekocl M. Gellenfek ekh

Kbrdek Wgbtt. Xfcy wcrc cxgcchch bk tfc Mepekcsc sohc `y tfc lbss bi èt-

tlcsfops Focoekh Aorosfode, fcevy gruoscr Aokunese, tfrcc hcstrbycrs, ekh ell

clcvck trbbp trekspbrts.

Xfc èttlc et sce feh turkch oktb bkc bi ettrotobk, wfogf tfc Mepekcsc gbulh

kbt eiibrh tb wenc. Gbkscqucktly, tfcy odprbvosch rcokibrgcdckt ekh sup-ply tcgfkoqucs, ùt tfcsc wcrc okehcquetc tb setosiy Fyeauteacs kcchs. _ct

bkc Xbayb Cxprcss supply ruk `y conft hcstrbycrs bk 7: Kbvcd`cr prbvohch

edplc cvohckgc bi tfc gbktokuch supcrobroty bi Mepekcsc tegtogs ekh cquopdckt.

Wurprosch `y stvc reher-cquoppch Edcrogek gruoscrs ekh sox hcstrbycrs, tfc

Mepekcsc struga èga wotf tfcor hcehly lbkn lekgc tbrpchbcs,57 sokaokn fcevy

gruoscr SWW Kbrtfedptbkekh fcevoly hedenokn tfrcc btfcr gruoscrs wfolc lbs-

okn must bkc hcstrbycr. Xfc cdèrressokn Edcrogek pcribrdekgc et tfc @ettlc bi

Xesseierbkne rcsultch irbd tyokn tfc hcstrbycrs tbb glbscly tb tfc gruoscr gbludk

ekh tfc ieolurc bi tfc gruoscrs tb ciicgtovcly dekcuvcr tb cvehc tfc ckcdy stsf.Elsb, es rcderach y Weducl C. Dbrosbk, Xfc Kevys derasdeksfop tfet konft

wes e`bdoke`lc.58Kodotz sew tfc rcdchy es treokokn, treokoknekh DBPC

XPEOKOKN,53 ut ot wbulh teac sbdc todc cibrc tfet prcsgroptobk gbulh wbra.


29/34

5: GFEZXCP5

Hurokn Hcgcd`cr 5?80, Locutckekt Nckcrel Elcxekhcr D. Zetgfs (S.W.

Erdy) VOY Gbrps rclocvch Yekhcnroits 5st Derokc Hovosobk. Sktol tfck, tfc

Edcrogek pbsotobk wes lottlc gfeknch irbd tfc sdell lbhndckt cste`losfch ok

Eunust. ôtf ircsf ibrgcs tfet okgluhch clcdckts irbd tfc Erdys Edcrogel ekh

03tfOkiektry hovosobks ekh tfc 0kh Derokc Hovosobk, Zetgf prcperch tb hrovc tfc

ckcdy irbd Nuehelgekel.

Xfc biicksovc `cnek slbwly, es tfc Mepekcsc stcrgcly hcickhch foll pbsotobks

tfet cxtckhch wcstwerh tb tfrcetck tfc ffeka bi e ibrgc ehvekgokn elbkn tfc

gbest. Eitcr Zetgfs rchugtobk bi tfcsc strbkn pbokts ekh gepturc bi stretcnogelly

odpbrtekt Abaud`bke, tfc hrovc wcstwerh `cnek bk 09 Mekuery ekh wckt rep-

ohly. Zetgf tfck lekhch e èttelobk bk tfc sbutfwcst gbest fbpokn tb trep tfc

ckcdy ok e pokgcr dbvcdckt es tfc ibrgcs gbkvcrnch kcer Gepc Cspcrekgc. @ut

fos querry wes tbb kod`lc tb `c skerch.

Fevokn lbst tfc èttlc ibr supply, tfc Mepekcsc fonf gbddekh rclugtektly

hcgohch tb wotfhrew irbd Nuehelgekel. Cveguetobk wes eggbdplosfch ok cerly

Ic`ruery `y tfrcc hcstrbycr ruks hurokn wfogf dbrc tfek 57,::: trbbps wcrc

`rbunft but. @rolloektly, tfc Mepekcsc grcetch tfc odprcssobk tfet ekbtfcr rcok-

ibrgcdckt ciibrt wes `cokn dbuktch, lcevokn Felscy ukewerc bi tfcor oktcktobks

uktol tfc wotfhrewel wes gbdplctch bk 6 Ic`ruery.59^fck ot wes hosgbvcrch

tfet tfc Mepekcsc wcrc nbkc, Zetgf rehobch tb Felscy= Xbayb Cxprcss kb lbkncr

fes tcrdokus bk Nuehelgekel.5>Felscy rcspbkhch= ^fck O sckt e Zetgf tb egt

es teolbr ibr Nuehelgekel, O hoh kbt cxpcgt fod tb rcdbvc tfc ckcdys pekts ekh

scw ot bk sb quogaly.56Kokc dbktfs letcr, bk @buneokvollc, Fyeauteac wbulh

eneok iegc bii eneokst Felscy, Yekhcnroit, ekh Nconcr.

Xfc Nuehelgekel gedpeonk, Edcroges strst nrbukh biicksovc bi tfc wer,

scozch tfc ettcktobk bi tfc pu`log. Bi 9:,::: Derokc ekh Erdy trbbps, 5,3?0

hoch ok egtobk ekh 8,083 wcrc wbukhch. Xfc Mepekcsc gbddottch dbrc tfek

79,::: dck irbd tfc 5>tf Erdy ekh WKLI. Bi tfbsc, 58,6:: hoch ok tfc stnft-

okn, ?,::: suggud`ch tb hoscesc, ekh 5,::: wcrc teack prosbkcr.5?Kcotfcr sohc

teùletch ots lbsscs hurokn tfc nrcet kevel cknencdckts, ùt ot os gcrteok tfetEdcrogek kevel hcetfs cxgcchch nrbukh lbsscs.0:

Felscy pcribrdch cxegtly es Kodotz feh fbpch ekh pessch elbkn fos wokkokn

ettotuhc tb ell lcvcls bi fos gbddekh. Et tfc fconft bi tfc ettlc, tfrcc wccas eitcr

essudokn gbddekh et Kbudce, fc vosotch Nuehelgekel, sbdctfokn Nfbrdlcy

feh kcvcr hbkc. Eggbrhokn tb Yekhcnroit, Felscys vosot wes loac e wbkhcriul

`rcetf bi ircsf eor. Cxfoòtokn oktcrcst ekh cktfusoesd, Felscy doknlch wotf

tfc neukt, deleroe-rohhck Derokcs, deaokn glcer fos sydpetfy ekh ukswcrv-

okn suppbrt.05 Ot wes e splckhoh `cnokkokn tb Felscys twckty dbktfs es erce

gbddekhcr ok tfc Wbutf Zegostg.Fostbroek Zeul W. Hull gbkgluhch= ^fck Mepek cveguetch Nuehelgekel ok

Ic`ruery 5?87, ibr ell pregtogel purpbscs tfc wer wes stkelly lbst.00E ibrcdbst

Mepekcsc kevel plekkcr rcegfch tfc sedc gbkglusobk, seyokn eitcr tfc wer= Eitcr


30/34

XFCF BXXCWXZ BXEXB 55

Nuehelgekel, ok tfc lettcr pert bi 5?80, O iclt wc gbulh kbt wok.07Ekh, eldbst

sodultekcbusly wotf tfc ckh et Nuehelgekel, egrbss tfc Wblbdbk Wce bk Zepue

Kcw Nuokce, Nckcrel Hbunles DegErtfur egfocvch ek cquelly odpbrtekt, ferh-

ibunft vogtbry.

Ibllbwokn e ycer bi hcicets ekh fblhokn egtobks tfrbunfbut tfc Zegostg, tfc

okotoetovc ok tfc Wbutf Zegostg feh et lest pessch tb tfc Ellocs. Oi e`sblutc hcicet

bi tfc ckcdy gbulh kbt `c egfocvch ok 5?87, es `blhly prchogtch `y Felscy, ek

ukstbppe`lc dergf kbw cnek tfet wbulh ciicgtovcly wok tfc Wbutf Zegostg ibr tfc

Ellocs ok must bvcr e ycer ekh bpck tfc wey tb tfc fcert bi tfc Mepekcsc Cdporc.

Ibur rcgopockts bi tfc Dchel bi Fbkbr ibr egtobks bk Nuehelgekel. Irbd lcit= DembrNckcrel Elcxekhcr E. Yekhcnroit, Gblbkcl Dcrrott Chsbk, 0kh Locutckekt Dotgfcll Zeonc,Zletbbk Wcrncekt Mbfk @esolbkc, pfbtbnrepfch ok Eustreloe, 5?87. (SWDG)


31/34

50

P

GFEZXCP 0

O êkt _bu tb Xeac @uke, brKbt Gbdc @ega Elovc

Bk 5> Dergf 5?80, Nckcrel Hbunles DegErtfur errovch ok Eustreloeeitcr `cokn brhcrch tb lcevc tfc Zfoloppokcs `cibrc tfc oslekhs icll tbtfc Mepekcsc. ôtfbut rcnerh tb eky eltcrketovc stretcnog pleks fos lcehcrs donft

fevc feh, DegErtfur prbgleodch tb tfc weotokn mburkelosts, O gedc tfrbunf

ekh O sfell rcturk.5

DegErtfur wes tfck bkc bi Edcroges `cst-akbwk sblhocrs, tfc ybukncst

hovosobk nckcrel hurokn ^brlh êr O ekh e ibrdcr Erdy gfoci bi steii wfbsc

hcicksc bi tfc Zfoloppokcs treksstxch tfc ketobk ok tfc dbktfs ibllbwokn Zcerl

Fer`br. Xfbunf fc wes cxtbllch tfck es e nrcet fcrb, deky wbulh letcr reosc

qucstobks e`but fos pcribrdekgc ok tfc Zfoloppokcs. Fostbroeks kbw sfeac

tfcor fcehs bvcr sbdc bi DegErtfurs egtobks= ellbwokn feli fos eorgreit tb `c

hcstrbych bk tfc nrbukh twclvc fburs eitcr Zcerl Fer`br, fos hcgosobk tb hcickh

tfc cegfcs wotf wfblly okehcquetc ibrgcs, ekh fos ieolurc tb stbgapolc ehcquetc

ibbh ekh supplocs tb susteok fos lbkn-plekkch hcicksc bi @eteek.0

Iurtfcr, lcev-okn fos rcletovcly scgurc fcehquertcrs bk Gbrrcnohbr bkly bkgc tb vosot fos trbbps

stnftokn bk @eteek, fc cerkch tfc hcrosovc kogakedc Hunbut Hbun irbd tfc

stnftokn dck. DegErtfur wes egtuelly vcry `revc, ùt `cgeusc bi fos feòtuel

elbbikcss ot wbulh teac sbdc todc tb cresc tfet kcnetovc odenc.

Eldbst oddchoetcly, DegErtfur wes kbdoketch ekh quogaly eggcptch `y

tfc Edcrogek ekh Eustreloek lcehcrsfops ibr tfc pbsotobk bi suprcdc gbddekhcr

ok tfc Wbutfwcst Zegostg Erce. Et tfet todc, tfc Edcrogek fonf gbddekh wes

gbksohcrokn tfc tfbrky qucstobk bi wfb wbulh gbddekh ok tfc Zegostg. @btf tfc

Erdy ekh Kevy ievbrch ukoty bi gbddekh ùt gbulh kbt enrcc wfb tfc gbd-dekhcr sfbulh c. otf strbkn suppbrt irbd tfc er Hcpertdckt, tfc Edcrogek

prcsohckt, tfc Eustreloek nbvcrkdckt, ekh tfc pu`log bi btf ketobks, DegErtfur

wes tfc b`vobus gfbogc oi ek Erdy nckcrel wes eppboktch. @ut tfc Kevy gbulh


32/34

O ÊK X_ BSXBX EA C@ SK E, BPK BXG BD C@EGAE LOYC 57

kbt eggcpt su`brhoketobk tb ek Erdy gbddekhcr wfb donft kbt iully epprcgo-

etc ots dctfbhs ekh hbgtrokcs. Cxpcgtokn tfet tfc gbkffogt ok tfc Zegostg wbulh

prokgopelly `c e kevel wer, Ehdorel Crkcst M. Aokn, gfoci bi kevel bpcretobks ekh

gbddekhcr ok gfoci bi tfc S.W. ffcct, wektch bvcrell gbddekh tb nb tb Kodotz.

Xfc gbdprbdosc tfet cdcrnch bk 7: Dergf hovohch tfc Zegostg `ctwcck

DegErtfur ekh Kodotz. Es suprcdc gbddekhcr bi tfc Wbutfwcst Zegostg Erce,

DegErtfurs gbddekh okgluhch Eustreloe, tfc Zfoloppokcs, Kcw Nuokce, tfc

Wblbdbks, tfc @osderga Ergfopclenb, ekh dbst bi tfc Kctfcrlekhs Okhocs.

Xfbsc `bukherocs wbulh `c slonftly eltcrch tb essonk Nuehelgekel ekh kcer`y

pbsotobks tb Kodotz, wfbsc Zegostg Bgcek Erce hbdeok csscktoelly cd`regch tfc

rcst bi tfc Zegostg. Iurtfcr, Kodotz rcteokch gbddekh bi tfc Zegostg Ilcct wfcr-

cvcr ot donft bpcretc.7

Ok derach gbktrest tb DegErtfurs vest erce bi rcspbksoòloty wcrc tfc slck-

hcr rcsburgcs tfck eveole`lc tb fod= icwcr tfek 03: Edcrogek gbdèt eorgreit,

e soknlc rcnuler Eustreloek hovosobk, ekh scvcrel hovosobks bi pertoelly treokch

Eustreloek dolotoe. DegErtfur letcr gleodch tfet fc oddchoetcly sgreppch e

hcicksc plek cste`losfch y tfc Eustreloek gfocis bi steii tfet wbulh fevc dcekt

rctrcetokn wcll oktb Eustreloes irbktocrs ekh okstceh rcsblvch tb ennrcssovcly

gbkirbkt tfc ckcdy bk Kcw Nuokce. Fc hcsgro`ch tfos es bkc bi tfc dbst

hcgosovc QekhT rehogel ekh hoistgult hcgosobks bi tfc wer.8@ut tfc Eustreloek

lcehcrsfop gbuktcrch tfet kb iukhedcktel gfekncs wcrc ok iegt dehc et tfet

todc ekh tfet tfc stretcny wes bkly rcvosch letcr wotf tfc errovel bi rcokibrgc-

dckts irbd tfc Dohhlc Cest ekh tfc Skotch Wtetcs.3^fetcvcr tfc trutf, ot wes

ultodetcly hcgohch tfet Kcw Nuokce wbulh c tfc èttlcnrbukh wfcrc Eustreloe

wbulh `c hcickhch.

@cgeusc tfcy wcrc stnftokn irbd Eustreloe wotf prodery hcpckhckgc bk

Eustreloek trbbps, gbddekh bi nrbukh ibrgcs lbnogelly wckt tb ek Eustreloek.

Nckcrel Wor Xfbdes E. @ledcy, wfb feh lch Eustreloek ibrgcs ok tfc Dohhlc Cest,

wes eppboktch gbddekhcr ok gfoci bi tfc Eustreloek erdy ekh gbddekhcr bi

Elloch lekh ibrgcs. DegErtfur okfcrotch Locutckekt Nckcrel Ncbrnc F. @rctt esfos eor ibrgc gbddekhcr ekh Yogc Ehdorel Fcr`crt I. Lcery es fceh bi fos sdell

kevel ibrgc. Es ibr tfc steii pbsotobks, Edcrogek Erdy gfoci bi steii Nckcrel

Ncbrnc G. Dersfell wektch DegErtfur tb eppbokt Eustreloek ekh Hutgf bistgcrs

tb sbdc bi tfc fonfcr pbsts ok tfc oktcrcst bi Elloch gbbpcretobk. Oktckt bk deok-

teokokn steii lbyelty, tfbunf, DegErtfur wbulh kbt rcegf butsohc fos gbtcroc ekh

csscktoelly onkbrch Dersfells rcgbddckhetobk1 fos steii rcdeokch Edcrogek.

Kokc heys `cibrc DegErtfurs errovel ok Eustreloe, Mepekcsc ibrgcs lekhch

et Lec ekh Weledeue bk Fubk Nuli, plegokn tfcd ok gbktrbl bi tfc stretcnogelly

odpbrtekt Hedpocr ekh Yotoez streots gbkkcgtokn tfc Wblbdbk ekh @osderga sces.Xfc prokgopel ckcdy tfrust gedc ok cerly Dey wotf ek ettcdpt `y sce tb teac tfc

Eustreloek èsc et Zbrt Dbrcs`y ok Zepue Kcw Nuokce, irbd wfogf Eustreloe

gbulh `c horcgtly tfrcetckch. Et tfc @ettlc bi tfc Gbrel Wce, ibunft bk 86 Dey


33/34

58 GFEZXCP0

5?80, Ilctgfcrs gerrocrs egfocvch e stretcnog vogtbry ok tfwertokn tfc okvesobk.

Edbkn tfc iruots bi tfc èttlc ibr tfc Edcrogeks wcrc tfc sokaokn bi Mepekcsc

lonft gerrocr Wfbfbekh, dbst gbkscqucktoel, gbksohcre`lc hedenc tb ffcct gerrocr

Wfbaeauekh fcevy eorgreit lbsscs tb ffcct gerrocr ]uoaeau. Gbkscqucktly, `btf

gerrocrs wbulh `c e`sckt hurokn Dohwey, wfcrc tfcy donft wcll fevc gfeknch

tfc butgbdc. Wtoll, tfc Edcrogek ibrgcs wcrc scrobusly furt ok tfc èttlc, lbsokn

tfc vckcre`lc ffcct gerrocr SWWLcxokntbkplus twb btfcr sfops.

Xfc ettlc wes gferegtcrozch y e lega bi gbbrhoketobk ctwcck DegErtfurs

lekh-èsch eor ibrgcs ekh Ilctgfcrs wersfops, rcsultokn ok tfc csgepc bi e hed-

ench ckcdy gerrocr. Kodotz wes gbkgcrkch e`but tfos, e gbkscquckgc bi hovohch

gbddekh, ekh DegErtfur usch tfc bppbrtukoty tb urnc tfet ell lekh-èsch eor

ekh kevel ibrgcs bpcretokn ok e tfcetcr `c gbktrbllch `y tfc tfcetcr gbddekhcr.

Hcspotc ciibrts tb hcvosc e sblutobk, kbtfokn rcsultch tfet gbulh evcrt e ier wbrsc

gbbrhoketobk stesgb twb ycers letcr et tfc @ettlc bi Lcytc Nuli.

Eitcr tfc Edcrogek vogtbry et Dohwey ok Mukc ekh tfc pessokn bi tfc oko-

toetovc, DegErtfur wektch tb teac tfc biicksovc usokn tfc tfrcc hovosobks tfck

eveole`lc tb fod, tfc uktcstch Edcrogek 70kh ekh 85st okiektry hovosobks ekh tfc

èttlc-ferhckch >tf Eustreloek Hovosobk tfet feh scck dugf stnftokn ok Lo`ye.

Ok tfc sedc ukrcelostog sporot tfet dey fevc prbdptch Felscys prchogtobk bi e

quoga vogtbry bvcr tfc Exos, DegErtfur prbpbsch e nrekhobsc plek gellokn ibr

tfc gepturc bi Peèul. ôtfbut hcteolokn fbw sugf e icet gbulh `c eggbdplosfch,

DegErtfur prbpbsch tfet Mepekcsc eor pbwcr ok Zepue ekh tfc Wblbdbks `c

strst supprcssch `y oktcksovc `bdòkn. Wuppbschly, tfc nrcet Mepekcsc èsc gbulh

tfck `c teack ok conftcck heys oi DegErtfur wes prbvohch wotf twb eorgreit ger-

rocrs ekh ek edpfoòbus hovosobk tb hclovcr tfc nrbukh ettega. Xfos quoga strbac

wbulh ibrgc tfc Mepekcsc ffcct èga tb Xrua, wfolc DegErtfurs tfrcc hovosobks

wbulh clodoketc tfc Mepekcsc rcdeokokn `cfokh.9

ôtf e strdcr nresp bk rceloty, Ehdorel Aokn rcmcgtch tfc ohce, ekh ok tfc

kcxt heys tfc Erdy ekh Kevy feddcrch but e dbrc iceso`lc plek `rback

oktb tfrcc tesas. Xesa bkc gellch ibr Kodotzs ibrgcs tb gepturc Xuleno ok tfcWblbdbks, tb wfogf Nuehelgekel wes letcr ehhch. Skhcr tfc bvcrell gbddekh

bi DegErtfur, tesa twb wbulh okvblvc sodultekcbus dbvcs y DegErtfur elbkn

tfc Kcw Nuokce gbest wotf e mudp tb tfc Ehdoreltocs ekh `y Kodotzs ibrgcs up

tfc gfeok bi tfc Wblbdbks tb @uae. Xesa tfrcc wbulh okvblvc gbkvcrnckgc upbk

Peèul `y tfc twb ibrgcs ukhcr DegErtfurs gbddekh.

Bi acy odpbrtekgc tb tfc plek wes hcvclbpdckt bi eorstclhs bk Zepue irbd

wfogf Lec ekh Weledeue ekh btfcr pbsotobks gbulh `c ettegach. Eorstclh gbk-

strugtobk `cnek ok cerly Muly et Dolkc @ey et tfc stretcnog cestcrk top bi Zepue

ekh wckt ibrwerh repohly. Iertfcr wcst, kcer @uke, nbbh nrbukh wes ohckto-stch bk tfc Hb`bhure pleok ibr ek eorstclh. @uke wes sotuetch egrbss tfc Bwck

Wteklcy dbukteok reknc, wfcrc ot wes hoistgult tb rcegf `y lekh ekh eggcsso`lc

bkly `y sdell greit irbd tfc sce. Zleks wcrc dehc ibr gbkstrugtobk wbracrs tb


34/34

O ÊK X_ BSXBX EA C@ SK E, BPK BXG BD C@EGAE LOYC 53

gbkvcrnc bk tfc tbwk ok Eunust tb hcvclbp e èsc. Xfc hcley prbvch ietel, sokgc

tfc Mepekcsc elsb feh hcsonks bk @uke.

Eltfbunf oktcllonckgc rcpbrts feh ibr sbdc todc sonkelch Mepekcsc oktcrcst ok

tfc @uke erce, DegErtfur dehc kb ciibrts tb nct tfcrc strst. ^fck tfc Mepekcsc

okvesobk gbkvby wes scck netfcrokn et Peèul, DegErtfurs gfoci bi steii, Dembr

Nckcrel Pogferh A. Wutfcrlekh, hcglokch tb rusf ibrgcs tb @uke, deokteokokn fc

feh kb ferh cvohckgc tfet ot wes tfcor hcstoketobk. Elsb, wfolc suistgockt werkokn

wes rcgcovch tb ellbw eor ettegas hurokn tfc gbkvbys epprbegf, @rctt ellbwch fos

eordck twb heys bi rcst. Cxgcpt ibr sbdc slonft Elloch `bdòkn suggcss eneokst

sfoppokn eitcr tfc lekhokn bk 05 Muly wes wcll ehvekgch, tfc Mepekcsc dct kb

bppbsotobk. Ot wbulh teac sox dbktfs bi `rutel stnftokn tb cmcgt tfc Mepekcsc irbd

e acy pbsotobk tfet wes eveole`lc ibr tfc teaokn ok Muly.

Xfc Mepekcsc okvesobk ibrgc wes tfc clotc Wbutf Wces Hctegfdckt, gbd-

dekhch `y Dembr Nckcrel Xbdoterb Fbroo. Fos ibrgcs feh gepturch Peèul ok

Mekuery ekh feh dessegrch deky prosbkcrs. ôtf rcokibrgcdckts tfet `rbunft

fos ibrgc tb conft tfbusekh trbbps plus tfrcc tfbusekh gbkstrugtobk wbracrs,

Fbroo sct but tb teac Zbrt Dbrcs`y. Xfc ehvekgc bk tfc Ababhe Xreol okvblvch

ek erhubus dergf bk e èrcly pesse`lc muknlc trega egrbss tfc tbwcrokn Bwck

Wteklcy Peknc. Fbroos ukcxpcgtch ehvekgc elerdch DegErtfur, wfbsc oktcl-

lonckgc gfoci, @ronehocr Nckcrel Gferlcs ôllbunf`y, feh essurch fod tfet tfc

Mepekcsc wcrc oktcrcstch ok @uke bkly es ek eor èsc.

Dembr Nckcrel Ncbrnc G. Ackkcy (lcit), gbddekhcr bi tfc S.W. Ioitf Eor Ibrgc, wotf@ronehocr Nckcrel Ackkctf K. êlacr (ronft), gbddekhcr bi Ackkcys Y @bdòknGbddekh, Zbrt Dbrcs`y, Kcw Nuokce, 5?80. elacr wes aollch ok Mekuery 5?87 lcehokne fezerhbus lb lc cl `bdòkn dossobk eneokst Mepekcsc sfoppokn et Peèul (SWEEI)

sneak peek: south pacific cauldron: world war ii's great forgotten battlefields

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