smoky hill/saline river basin total …wak en y oakley russel l paradi se 538 0 1 548 wils on lake...
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SMOKY HILL/SALINE RIVER BASIN TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD
Water Body/Assessment Unit: Wilson Lake and the Wilson Lake Watershed including Paradise Creek, Saline River (Russell), and Saline River (Hays)
Water Quality Impairment: Sulfate
1. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Subbasin: Upper Saline
Counties: Ellis, Ellsworth, Gove, Graham, Lincoln, Logan, Osborne, Rooks, Russell,Sheridan, Thomas, Trego
HUC 8: 10260009 HUC 11 (14): 010 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060, 070) (Figure 1)020 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060, 070, 080)030 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060, 070, 080)040 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050)050 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050)060 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060)070 (010, 020, 030, 040)
Ecoregion: Western High Plains, Flat to Rolling Cropland (25d)Central Great Plains, Smoky Hills (27a)Central Great Plains, Rolling Plains and Breaks (27b)
Drainage Area: Approximately 1,900 square miles.
Wilson Lake
Conservation Pool: Area = 8,293 acresWatershed Area: Lake Surface Area = 147:1Maximum Depth = 18 meters (59 feet)Mean Depth = 7.4 meters (24 feet)Retention Time = 1.9 years (23 months)
Designated Uses: Primary and Secondary Contact Recreation; Expected Aquatic Life Support;Food Procurement
Authority: Federal (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and State (Kansas Dept. of Wildlifeand Parks)
2002 303(d) Listing: Smoky Hill/Saline River Basin Lakes
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Wilson Lake Watershed
Main Stem Segment: WQLS: (4), 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, & 16 (Saline River) starting at Wilson Lake andtraveling upstream to the headwaters west of Oakley.
Main Stem Segments with Tributaries by HUC 8 and Watershed/Station Number:HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Wilson Lake (014001)
Saline R (4) Cedar Cr (30)
HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Paradise Creek (538)
Paradise Cr (5) Eagle Cr (6)
Paradise Cr (7)
HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Saline R. (Russell) (011)
Saline R (8) Salt Cr (20)
Saline R (9-part) Sweetwater Cr (29)
HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Saline River (Hays) (548)Saline R (9-part) Sand Cr (10) Saline R (11) E. Spring Cr (19)Saline R (12) Tomcat Cr (28)
Wild Horse Cr (27)Unnamed Stream (13)
Saline R (14) Chalk Cr (26)Happy Cr (25)Trego Cr (24)N. Fk. Saline R. (15)
Saline R (16) Coyote Cr (23) Unnamed Stream (1061)Plum Cr (22)Spring Brook Cr (21)N. Fk. Saline R (17)S. Fk. Saline R (18)
Designated Uses: Secondary Contact Recreation; Expected Aquatic Life Support; DrinkingWater; Food Procurement; Groundwater Recharge, Industrial Water Supply,Irrigation; Livestock Watering on Main Stem Segments
Primary Contact Recreation on Main Stem Segments except 14 and 16
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%a%a
%a
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Pla invil leNatoma
Wakeeney
Oakley
Russel l
Paradise
538011
548
WilsonLake
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Wilson Lake TMDL Reference Map
WatershedCitiesHUC 8LakesStreamsCounty
Monitoring Stations%a Fixed#0 Rotational
2002 303(d) Listing: Wilson Watershed Streams
Impaired Use:Domestic Water Supply (Potentially)
Water Quality Standard: Domestic Water Supply: 250 mg/L at any point of domestic watersupply diversion (K.A.R.28-16-28e(c) (3) (A)
In stream segments where background concentrations of naturally occurringsubstances, including chlorides and sulfates, exceed the domestic water supplycriteria listed in table 1a in subsection (d), at ambient flow, due to intrusion ofmineralized groundwater, the existing water quality shall be maintained, and thenewly established numeric criteria for domestic water supply shall be thebackground concentration, as defined in K.A.R. 28-16-28b(e). Backgroundconcentrations shall be established using the methods outlined in the ‘‘Kansasimplementation procedures: surface water quality standards,’’ as defined inK.A.R. 28-16-28b(ee), available upon request from the department. (K.A.R.28-16-28e(c) (3)(B))
Figure 1
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1026000901010260009020
1026000903010260009040
10260009050
10260009060
10260009070
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Wilson Lake HUC 11s
WatershedHUC 8HUC 11LakesStreamsCounty
Figure 2
2. CURRENT WATER QUALITY CONDITION AND DESIRED ENDPOINTLake Monitoring Site: Station 014001 in Wilson Lake (Figure 2).
Period of Record Used: Six surveys during 1988 - 2003 Elevation Record: Wilson Lake near Wilson, KS (USGS Gage 06868100)
Stream Chemistry Monitoring Site: Station 011 near Russell (Saline River)Period of Record Used: 1990 - 2003Flow Record: Saline River near Russell, KS (USGS Gage 06867000)
Stream Chemistry Monitoring Site: Station 538 near Waldo (Paradise Creek)Period of Record Used: 1990 - 2003Flow Record: Matched to flow duration for Salt C near Ada (06876700)
Stream Chemistry Monitoring Site: Station 548 near Hays (Saline River)Period of Record Used: 1990 - 2003Flow Record: Saline River near Russell, KS (USGS Gage 06867000)
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Flow at Russell vs. WakeeneyWilson Lake TMDL
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
Flow
(cfs
)
Russell USGS Gage 06867000 Wakeeney USGS Gage 06866900Linear (Russell USGS Gage 06867000) Linear (Wakeeney USGS Gage 06866900)
Current Condition: There is a relatively good relationship between flow within the drainage basin ofthe Saline River and the sulfate content of Wilson Lake. Large fluctuations in the amount of rainfall thatflows into Wilson Lake cause variations in the sulfate concentrations. The runoff following a substantialrainstorm is appreciably fresher than most of the baseflow of streams and can dilute the sulfateconcentration of the lake and stream water (Figure 14). The flood of 1993 significantly increased theflow at the Saline River near Russell to an annual average flow of 566 cfs (Figure 3). The lake wasreplenished, and the salinity decreased. A low of 306 mg/L of sulfate was seen in 1994. In droughtyears, the sulfate concentration is approximately 520 mg/L (Appendix A).
Average Sulfate Concentrations in Wilson LakeDate Sulfate (mg/L) Average Annual Flow at Saline Rv.
Near Russell (cfs)6/27/1988 402.5 22.28/13/1991 524.3 5.36/7/1994 305.5 85.46/24/1997 373.4 87.07/18/2000 439.8 60.37/21/2003 521.7 16.6
Figure 3
The sulfate concentrations in Wilson Lake parallel the concentrations at the stream stations during thesix months prior to sampling (Figure 4). On the Saline River near Russell (011), sulfate levels increasewith low flow, while on Paradise Creek (538) and the Saline River near Hays (548), the sulfate levelsare more constant. Concentrations over the period of record for the three stream stations can be seenin Figures 5 through 7. From 1990 to 2003, the average sulfate concentrations were 543 mg/L for theSaline River near Russell, 520 mg/L for Paradise Creek, and 372 mg/L for the Saline River near Hays.
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Wilson Lake, Saline River, and Paradise Creek6 Months Before Lake Sample
0100200300400500600700800900
Aug-87 May-90 Jan-93 Oct-95 Jul-98 Apr-01 Jan-04 Oct-06
Date
Sulf
ate
(mg/
L)
Wilson Lake Saline River 011 Paradise Creek 538 Saline River 548
Sulfate: WQ Site 011Saline River
0200400600800
10001200
3/26
/90
11/2
6/90
8/19
/91
3/23
/92
11/1
6/92
8/23
/93
5/23
/94
2/20
/95
10/2
3/95
5/20
/96
2/17
/97
10/1
3/97
11/1
6/98
7/19
/99
4/24
/00
12/1
9/00
7/30
/01
4/24
/02
12/1
8/02
7/30
/03
Sample Date
Su
lfat
e (m
g/L
)
Drought Background (780 mg/L) Dom. Water Supply (250 mg/L)Normal Background (500 mg/L)
Figure 4
Figure 5
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Sulfate: WQ Site 538Paradise Creek
0200400600800
10001200
3/26
/90
11/2
6/90
8/19
/91
3/23
/92
11/1
6/92
8/23
/93
5/23
/94
2/20
/95
10/2
3/95
5/20
/96
2/17
/97
10/1
3/97
11/1
6/98
7/19
/99
6/26
/00
1/22
/01
9/24
/01
6/26
/02
1/29
/03
10/1
/03
Sample Date
Su
lfat
e in
mg
/L
Background (630 mg/L) Dom. Water Supply (250 mg/L)
Sulfate: WQ Site 548Saline River
0100
200
300
400500
600
3/27
/90
2/19
/91
12/1
0/91
9/29
/92
8/24
/93
7/26
/94
6/27
/95
5/21
/96
4/15
/97
7/14
/98
5/25
/99
4/25
/00
1/23
/01
11/2
7/01
10/2
9/02
7/29
/03
Sample Date
Su
lfat
e (m
g/L
)
Background (390 mg/L) Dom. Water Supply (250 mg/L)
Figure 6
Figure 7
8
Saline River nr RussellSulfate TMDL
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Days Load Exceeded
Su
lfat
e (T
on
s/D
ay)
TMDL (250 mg/L) Spring Sample Data Summer/Fall Sample Data
Winter Sample Data Background (500-780 mg/L)
Since loading capacity varies as a function of the flow present in the stream, this TMDL represents acontinuum of desired loads over all flow conditions, rather than fixed at a single value. Sample data forthe sampling sites were categorized for each of the three defined seasons: Spring (Apr-Jul), Summer-Fall (Aug-Oct) and Winter (Nov-Mar). High flows and runoff equate to lower flow durations;baseflow and point source influences generally occur in the 75-99% range. A Load curve wasestablished for the Domestic Water Supply criterion by multiplying the flow values along the curve bythe applicable water quality criterion and converting the units to derive a load duration curve of tons ofsulfate per day. This load curves represent the TMDL since any point along the curve represents waterquality for the standard at that flow. Historic excursions from the water quality standard are seen asplotted points above the load curve. Water quality standards are met for those points plotting below theload duration curve (Figures 8-10).
Figure 8
Station 011: Excursions were seen in each of the three defined seasons and are outlined below. Ninety-two percent of Spring samples and 94% of Summer-Fall samples were over the domesticsupply criterion. Ninety-six percent of Winter samples were over the criterion. Overall, 94% of thesamples were over the criteria. This would represent a potential baseline condition of non-support ofthe impaired designated use, if a point of diversion for water supply was present along the river.
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Paradise Creek near WaldoSulfate TMDL
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Days Load Exceeded
Su
lfat
e (T
on
s/D
ay)
TMDL (250 mg/L) Spring Sample Data Summer/Fall Sample Data
Winter Sample Data Background (630 mg/L)
LA
WLA
NUMBER OF SAMPLES OVER SULFATE STANDARD OF 250 mg/L BY FLOW AND SEASON
Station Season 0 to10%
10 to25%
25 to50%
50 to75%
75 to90%
90 to100%
Cum Freq.
Station 011 nearRussell (Saline
River)
Spring 6 6 4 3 2 1 22/24=92%
Summer 3 1 5 4 0 3 16/17=94%
Winter 1 5 12 1 1 4 24/25=96%
Station 538: Excursions were seen in each of the three defined seasons and are outlined below. Seventy-two percent of Spring samples and 88% of Summer-Fall samples were over the domesticsupply criterion. Ninety-two percent of Winter samples were over the criterion. Overall, 84% of thesamples were over the criteria. This would represent a potential baseline condition of non-support ofthe impaired designated use, if a point of diversion for water supply was present along the river.
Figure 9
NUMBER OF SAMPLES OVER SULFATE STANDARD OF 250 mg/L BY FLOW AND SEASON
Station Season 0 to10%
10 to25%
25 to50%
50 to75%
75 to90%
90 to100%
Cum Freq.
Station 538 nearWaldo (Paradise
Creek)
Spring 1 6 3 5 2 1 18/25=72%
Summer 0 1 3 3 3 4 14/16=88%
Winter 0 4 10 5 4 1 24/26=92%
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Saline River near Hays Sulfate TMDL
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pct of Days Load Exceeded
Su
lfat
e L
oad
(T
/d)
Background TMDL (390 mg/l) Winter Sample DataSpring Sample Data Summer Sample DataTMDL (250 mg/l)
Figure 10
Station 548: Excursions were seen in each of the three defined seasons and are outlined below. Ninety-one percent of Spring samples and 84% of Summer-Fall samples were over the domesticsupply criterion. One hundred percent of Winter samples were over the criterion. Overall, 92% of thesamples were over the criteria. This would represent a potential baseline condition of non-support ofthe impaired designated use, if a point of diversion for water supply was present along the river.
NUMBER OF SAMPLES OVER SULFATE STANDARD OF 250 mg/L BY FLOW AND SEASON
Station Season 0 to10%
10 to25%
25 to50%
50 to75%
75 to90%
90 to100%
Cum Freq.
Station 548 nearHays (Saline
River)
Spring 5 3 6 3 2 1 20/22=91%
Summer 2 1 6 3 1 3 16/19=84%
Winter 1 5 10 1 0 5 22/22=100%
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Interim Endpoints of Water Quality (Implied Load Capacity) at Wilson Lake and Stations011, 538, and 548 over 2008 - 2012:
Current Condition and Reductions for Wilson Lake
Parameter Current Condition TMDL/Background Percent Reduction
Sulfate (mg/L) 439 480 0 %
The ultimate endpoint for this TMDL will be to achieve the Kansas Water Quality Standards fullysupporting Drinking Water Use. This TMDL will, however, be phased. The current standard of 250mg/L of sulfate was used to establish the TMDL. However, the discharge of saline ground water fromthe Dakota aquifer, gypsum dissolution, and pyrite weathering are the main sources of the sulfate in thesurface water entering Wilson Lake. As such, the watershed’s main stem and many of its tributarieshave elevated sulfate levels from these natural sources. . The natural background of sulfate, consistentlyabove 250 mg/L at all flow conditions, makes achievement of the Standard unlikely at Stations 011,538, and 548. Since the Standard is not achievable because of natural contributions to the sulfate load,alternative endpoints are needed.
Kansas Implementation Procedures for Surface Water allow for a numerical criterion based on naturalbackground to be established from samples taken at flows less than median in-stream flow. However,Figures 8 through 10 indicate sulfate levels are elevated well above 250 mg/l at flows greater thanmedian flow, as well. Figure 5 indicates the need to have a dual endpoint for the Saline River nearRussell, with one established for low flow, drought conditions and another for normal flow conditions. Under normal conditions, there is more likelihood of flows from above Station 548 near Hays dilutingthe mineralized inflows along the Saline River entering Russell County, and lowering sulfate levels. Ahigher sulfate endpoint is needed for drought periods when the upstream inflows dwindle and flow atStation 011 is dominated by the local ground water contributions. Concentrations at Stations 538 and548 tend to be less variable with flow and therefore, a single endpoint will be determined for sulfate atthose stations.
Tentative Endpoints for Stations 011, 538, and 548
Station Low Flow Background (mg/L) Normal FlowBackground (mg/l)
Station 011 near Russell (Saline River) 780 500
Station 538 near Waldo (Paradise Creek) 630 630
Station 548 near Hays (Saline River) 390 390
These specific stream criteria to supplant the current standard will be developed concurrent with PhaseOne of this TMDL following the appropriate administrative and technical Water Quality StandardsProcesses. The Phase Two TMDL will be based on the future standard applied to these flows withinthe contributing portions of the Saline River and Paradise Creek. Seasonal variation has been
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W ilson Lake Geology
HUC 8
St re a msCounty
Ge ol ogi c al F orm a ti on sALLU VI UM (K A NSA N A N D O LD ER D EP O SITS )ALLU VI UM (P O ST-KAN SA N DE PO SI TS)CA RLI LE S HA LEDA KO TA FO R MATI ONDU NE SA N DGR EE N HO R N LIMES TO N E A ND G R ANE RO S SH ALELO ESSNI O BR AR A C H ALKOG A LLA LAW ATER B O DI ES
incorporated in this TMDL through the documentation of the seasonal consistency of elevated sulfatelevels. Achievement of the endpoints indicates that loads are within the loading capacity of the stream,water quality standards are attained and full support of the designated uses of the stream has beenrestored.
3. SOURCE INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENTBackground Conditions: One of the major natural sources of sulfate in Wilson Lake is the dischargeof naturally saline groundwater from the Dakota aquifer into the alluvial aquifer of the Saline River. Thesaline groundwater originates from upward intrusion of saltwater from the Cedar Hills Sandstone ofPermian age, which underlies the Dakota aquifer in parts of central and north-central Kansas. Althoughthe chloride content of the saltwater in the Cedar Hills Sandstone is substantially greater than the sulfatecontent, the sulfate is generally in the 5,000 mg/L range in Russell and Ellis Counties. Another naturalsulfate source is the dissolution of gypsum (hydrous calcium sulfate) that occurs in small amounts inselected units of the Cretaceous bedrock that underlies the drainage basin of Wilson Lake. Cretaceousunits containing some gypsum in the basin include the Carlile and Graneros shales (Figure 11). Rainfalldissolves the gypsum exposed at the surface in outcrops or in the shallow subsurface and increases thesulfate concentration of water moving through soils and shallow bedrock and sediment that dischargesinto streams. In addition, some shale members in the Greenhorn Limestone and the Carlile Shale andsometimes shales and sandstones in the Dakota Formation contain pyrite (iron sulfide) that weathers toproduce locally high concentrations of sulfate in groundwater. This groundwater slowly flows towardstreams and adds to the sulfate load of water draining into Wilson Lake. Figure 11
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Irrigation Return Flows: Land use and water use are expected to have caused a small long-termincrease in the sulfate concentration (in comparison to conditions without these impacts) by increasingevapotranspiration consumption. Residual dissolved solids are left in a smaller volume of water becauseof reduced discharge of fresh groundwater and watertable levels from consumptive water use. Most ofthese land and water use changes are related to irrigation. However, the majority of irrigation occruswest of Wakeeney (Figure 12) and there is no sulfate exceedances on the Saline River in TregoCounty. The sulfate impairments begin in Ellis County because of natural ground water and gypsumrunoff influences. Irrigation declines in Ellis County and substantially in Russell County because ofchloride intrusion, rendering most water unusable for irrigation. Furthermore, the sulfate excursionsoccur at high flows with similar frequency as at low flows, indicating that factors other than irrigation arecontributing to the impairment. Irrigation reports from 2003 show the following:
Water Use Statistics for Each Monitoring Site
Monitoring SitesSurface Water Groundwater 1990-2003
Area(acres)
Volume(acre-feet)
Area (acres)
Volume (acre-feet)
Sulfate Conc.(mg/l)
Saline River Valley above Wakeeney (USGS est) 0 0 27,957 26,898 176
Station 548 near Hays up to Wakeeney (Saline R) 20 15 742 832 374
Station 011 near Russell (Saline River) 0 0 79 64 547
Station 538 near Waldo (Paradise Creek) 0 0 130 23 520
Figure 12
14
Stations 011, 538, and 548Wilson Lake TMDL
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Mar-90 Mar-92 Mar-94 Mar-96 Mar-98 Mar-00 Mar-02
Date
Su
lfat
e (m
g/L
)
Station 011 Station 538 Station 548
Linear (Station 011) Linear (Station 538) Linear (Station 548)
Evapotranspiration consumption of water in the drainage basin and evaporation from the surface of streamsand the lake can increase the sulfate concentration of the surface water. Long-term chemical data of theSaline River near Hays and Paradise Creek show that there is a slight increase in sulfate content with timewhile Russell has a decrease(Figure 13). The climatic variations have a much greater effect on the short-term sulfate concentration of the reservoir than the long-term land and water use changes. The monitoringrecord is insufficient to determine whether long-term climatic changes will have a greater impact on thesulfate than the land and water use changes. Any high flow events will dilute the sulfate content (Figure 14).
Figure 13
15
Stations 011, 538, and 548Wilson Lake TMDL
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Flow (cfs)
Su
lfat
e (m
g/L
)
Station 011 Station 538 Station 548
Linear (Station 011) Linear (Station 538) Linear (Station 548)
Figure 14
NPDES: Thirteen permitted waste treatment facilities are located within the watershed (Figure 15). Tenare non-overflowing lagoons that are prohibited from discharging. Because the source water for thedischarging municipalities is lower than the background levels of sulfate in the receiving streams, theirwastewater acts a dilution base for the background levels seen on the Saline River and Paradise Creek
Waste Treatment Plants in the Wilson Lake WatershedKansas Permit
NumberName Design Capacity
(MGD)Type Average Sulfate
(mg/L)Sulfate WLA
(tons/day)C-SH29-NO02 CAMP INN TRAILER PARK non-overflowing 4-cell Lagoon 0 0C-SH29-NO04 JOHN JONES OIL CO. TRUCK
STOPnon-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0
M-SA03-NO01 BUNKER HILL MWTP non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA04-NO01 COLLYER MWTP non-overflowing 3-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA10-OO01 NATOMA MWTP 0.054 3-cell Lagoon 391.4 0.09 M-SA12-NO01 PARADISE MWTP non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA13-NO01 PARK MWTP non-overflowing 4-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA14-OO02 PLAINVILLE MWTP (NEW) 0.225 4-cell Lagoon 378.0 0.38 M-SA15-OO01 QUINTER MWTP 0.107 3-cell Lagoon 22.2 0.02 M-SA19-NO01 ZURICH MWTP non-overflowing 3-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SH12-NO01 GRAINFIELD MWTP non-overflowing 3-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SH05-NO03 KDWP - WILSON PARK non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SH05-NO02 KDWP - WILSON LAKE non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0
16
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SD GH
TR EL
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GRAINFIELD MWTP PARK MWTPQUINTER MWTP
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ZURICH PLAINVILLE (NEW PLANT)NATOMA MWTP
PARADISE MWTP
BUNKER HILL MWTP
KDWP - WILSO N PARKKDWP - WILSON LAKE
N
EW
S
Wilson Lake NPDES Sites
WatershedHUC 8LakesStreamsCounty
#0 NPDES Sites
Since none of the municipal NPDES sites in the watershed are currently required to monitor for sulfate intheir effluent, average sulfate concentrations for municipal sources were estimated based on the sulfate oftheir source water. Wasteload allocations were set at concentrations of 50, 400 and 400 mg/l for Quinter,Natoma and Plainville, respectively.
Figure 15
Oilfield Brine: Oilfield brine in Kansas that was disposed at or near the surface in the past generally hasa sulfate concentration that is relatively low in comparison with the high chloride content. Thus, oil-brinecontamination in the drainage basin is not expected to be a significant source of sulfate in the lake water.
Contributing Runoff: The watershed’s average soil permeability is 1.4 inches/hour according to NRCSSTATSGO database. About 82.1% of the watershed produces runoff even under relatively low (1.5'’/hr)potential runoff conditions. Runoff is chiefly generated as infiltration excess with rainfall intensities greaterthan soil permeabilities. As the watersheds’ soil profiles become saturated, excess overland flow isproduced. Generally, storms producing less than 0.5"/hr of rain will generate runoff from 5.4% of thiswatershed, chiefly along the stream channels.
17
4. ALLOCATION OF POLLUTANT REDUCTION RESPONSIBILITYThe source assessment has ascertained that natural sulfate loading within the watershed is the primary factorfor the excursions seen at the monitoring stations within the Wilson Lake basin.
Point and Nonpoint Sources: In the table below, under Phase One, the Wasteload and Load Allocationsare given for all the stations included in this TMDL. The total Wasteload Allocation entering Wilson Lakeis 0.49 tons per day. Wasteload Allocations were established based on the concentration of sulfateassumed to be in each discharger’s effluent, reflecting their source water content. Under Phase Two, LoadAllocations were calculated from the applicable background concentrations designated in the endpoint.Since sulfate levels differ between low and normal flows, dual background concentrations were used atRussell. Wasteload and Load Allocations (tons per day) of Sulfate in Wilson Lake Watershed
Sulfate TMDLSC548 SC011 SC538
Low Flow (90% excd) - cfs 1.6 3.6 0.6 Median Flow (50% excd) - cfs 16.7 29.2 4.4
Wasteload Allocations 0.02 0.00* 0.47
Phase One Load Allocation - Low 0.97 2.19 ** 0.36Phase One Margin of Safety - Low 0.11 0.24 *** 0.04
Phase One TMDL - Low 1.12 2.43 0.62
Phase One Load Allocation - Normal 10.15 17.74 2.67 Phase One Margin of Safety - Normal 1.13 1.97 0.30
Phase One TMDL - Normal 11.32 19.71 3.19
Phase Two Load Allocation - Low 1.51 6.82 0.92Phase Two Margin of Safety - Low 0.17 0.76 0.10
Phase Two TMDL - Low 1.70 7.58 1.49
Phase Two Load Allocation - Normal 15.83 35.48 6.74Phase Two Margin of Safety - Normal 1.76 3.94 0.74
Phase Two TMDL - Normal 17.61 39.42 7.95
Phase Two Concentrations 390 mg/l 780/500 mg/l**** 630 mg/l
* represents point sources between Stations 548 & 011** cumulative load allocation from entire upstream watershed*** margin of safety is an explicit 10% off the load allocation**** 780 mg/l at low flows; 500 mg/l at normal flows
Defined Margin of Safety: Since the majority of contribution of sulfate to the Saline River derives fromnatural mineralized ground water intrusion, the Margin of Safety is explicitly 10% of calculated LoadAllocations using either the original water quality criterion or the proposed background concentrations.Additionally, a Margin of Safety is applied to the Wasteload Allocations by their calculations based on
18
sulfate concentrations in the discharger’s effluent below the Phase One or Two endpoints (range 50-400mg/l). Both of these calculations ensure that resulting loadings will cause the sulfate content in the SalineRiver and Paradise Creek to remain below the intended endpoints.
State Water Plan Implementation Priority: Because the impairment is due to natural geologic sources,this TMDL will be a Low Priority for implementation.
Unified Watershed Assessment Priority Ranking: Wilson Lake lies within the Upper Saline (HUC8: 10260009) with a priority ranking of 39 (Medium Priority for restoration).
Priority HUC 11s: Because of the natural geologic contribution of this impairment, no prioritysubwatersheds or stream segments will be identified.
5. IMPLEMENTATION
Desired Implementation Activities1. Monitor any anthropogenic contributions of sulfate loading to the lake and streams.2. Establish an alternative background criterion.3. Assess likelihood of the lake being used for domestic uses.
Implementation Programs GuidanceNPDES and State Permits - KDHE
a. Municipal permits for facilities in the watershed will be renewed after 2004 with annualsulfate monitoring and any excessive sulfate discharge will have appropriate permit limitswhich do not increase the ambient background levels of sulfate.
Non-Point Source Pollution Technical Assistance - KDHEa. Evaluate any potential anthropogenic activities which might contribute sulfate to the lakeas part of an overall Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy.
Water Quality Standards and Assessment - KDHEa. Establish background levels of sulfate for the lake, river, and tributaries.
Use Attainability Analysis - KDHEa. Consult with Division of Water Resources on locating existing or future domestic pointsof diversion from Wilson Lake for drinking water purposes.
Time Frame for Implementation: Development of a background level-based water quality standardshould be accomplished with the next water quality standards revision.
Targeted Participants: Primary participants for implementation will be KDHE, KWO and DWR.
19
Milestone for 2008: The year 2008 marks the midpoint of the ten-year implementation window for thewatershed. At that point in time, additional monitoring data from Wilson Lake will be reexamined to confirmthe impaired status of the lake and the suggested background concentration. Should the case of impairmentremain, source assessment, allocation and implementation activities will ensue.
Delivery Agents: The primary delivery agents for program participation will be the Kansas Departmentof Health and Environment, Kansas Water Office and the Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division ofWater Resources.
Reasonable Assurances:
Authorities: The following authorities may be used to direct activities in the watershed to reduce pollutants.
1. K.S.A. 65-171d empowers the Secretary of KDHE to prevent water pollution and to protectthe beneficial uses of the waters of the state through required treatment of sewage and establishedwater quality standards and to require permits by persons having a potential to discharge pollutantsinto the waters of the state.
2. K.S.A. 2-1915 empowers the State Conservation Commission to develop programs to assistthe protection, conservation and management of soil and water resources in the state, includingriparian areas.
3. K.S.A. 75-5657 empowers the State Conservation Commission to provide financial assistancefor local project work plans developed to control nonpoint source pollution.
4. K.S.A. 82a-901, et seq. empowers the Kansas Water Office to develop a state water plandirecting the protection and maintenance of surface water quality for the waters of the state.
5. K.S.A. 82a-951 creates the State Water Plan Fund to finance the implementation of the KansasWater Plan.6. The Kansas Water Plan and the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin Plan provide the guidance to stateagencies to coordinate programs intent on protecting water quality and to target those programsto geographic areas of the state for high priority in implementation.
Funding: The State Water Plan Fund annually generates $16-18 million and is the primary fundingmechanism for implementing water quality protection and pollutant reduction activities in the state throughthe Kansas Water Plan. The state water planning process, overseen by the Kansas Water Office,coordinates and directs programs and funding toward watersheds and water resources of highest priority.Typically, the state allocates at least 50% of the fund to programs supporting water quality protection. Thiswatershed and its TMDL are a Low Priority consideration and should not receive funding.
Effectiveness: Minimal control can be exerted on natural contributions to loading.
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6. MONITORING
KDHE will continue to collect samples from Wilson Lake and at Stations 011, 538, and 548. Based onthat sampling, the priority status will be evaluated in 2008 including application of a numeric criterion basedon background concentrations. Should impaired status remain, the desired endpoints under this TMDLwill be refined and direct more intensive sampling will need to be conducted under specified seasonal flowconditions over the period 2008-2012.
Monitoring of sulfate levels in effluent will be a condition of NPDES and state permits for facilities. Thismonitoring will continually assess the functionality of the systems in reducing sulfate levels in the effluentreleased to the streams upstream of Wilson Lake.
7. FEEDBACK
Public Meetings: Public meetings to discuss TMDLs in the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin were held January7 and March 5, 2003 in Hays. An active Internet Web site was established athttp://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/tmdl/ to convey information to the public on the general establishment ofTMDLs and specific TMDLs for the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin.
Public Hearing: A Public Hearing on the TMDLs of the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin was held in Hays on June2, 2003.
Basin Advisory Committee: The Smoky Hill/Saline Basin Advisory Committee met to discuss theTMDLs in the basin on October 3, 2002, January 7, March 5, and June 2, 2003.
Milestone Evaluation: In 2008, evaluation will be made as to the degree of implementation which hasoccurred within the watershed and current condition of Wilson Lake. Subsequent decisions will be maderegarding the implementation approach and follow up of additional implementation in the watershed.
Consideration for 303(d) Delisting: The lake will be evaluated for delisting under Section 303(d), basedon the monitoring data over the period 2008-2012. Therefore, the decision for delisting will come aboutin the preparation of the 2012 303(d) list. Should modifications be made to the applicable water qualitycriteria during the ten-year implementation period, consideration for delisting, desired endpoints of thisTMDL and implementation activities may be adjusted accordingly.
Incorporation into Continuing Planning Process, Water Quality Management Plan and theKansas Water Planning Process: Under the current version of the Continuing Planning Process, the nextanticipated revision will come in 2004 which will emphasize revision of the Water Quality ManagementPlan. At that time, incorporation of this TMDL will be made into both documents. Recommendations ofthis TMDL will be considered in Kansas Water Plan implementation decisions under the State WaterPlanning Process for Fiscal Years 2004-2008.
21
Bibliography
Liscek, Bonnie C. Methodology Used in Kansas Lake TMDLs [web page] Jul. 2001;http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/tmdl/eutro.htm [Accessed 30 September 2002].
Whittemore, D. (1 Jul 2003). Wilson Lake/Saline River Cl & SO4 TMDLs
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Appendix A - Boxplots
9/15/04