small wind systems: clean energy for new jersey homes, farms, and businesses mike bergey bergey...
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Small Wind Small Wind Systems:Systems:
Clean Energy for Clean Energy for New Jersey New Jersey
Homes, Farms, Homes, Farms,
and Businessesand Businesses
Mike BergeyMike BergeyBergey Windpower Co.Bergey Windpower Co.
Bergey Windpower Co.Bergey Windpower Co.A World Leader in Small Wind
BWC Established in 1977 (sole survivor from “energy crisis”)
Serve Consumer, Commercial, and Industrial Markets
Installations in All 50 U.S. States and Over 90 Countries
400 U.S. and 300 foreign dealers
World’s leading supplier of residential wind turbines
Subsidiary in China (Beijing Bergey Windpower Ltd.)
ResidentialMontana
Health ClinicAfghanistan
FarmNew York
MilitaryAtlantic Ocean
New Jersey InstallationsNew Jersey Installations
10 kW, Farm, Chesterfield, NJ
10 kW, Liberty Science CenterJersey City, NJ
Awaiting the 3Awaiting the 3rdrd Coming of Small Wind Coming of Small Wind
1st Coming: Mechanical Windmills: 1890 – 1930 (and lingering still today)
Aermotor Windmill Factory at 110 S. Jefferson, Chicago, ~ 1895(3.4 miles from here)
Ida Noyes Hall, Univ. of Chicago. Built by LaVerrne Noyes, President of Aermotor Windmill
Awaiting the 3Awaiting the 3rdrd Coming of Small Wind Coming of Small Wind
2nd Coming: Pre-REA Electrification: 1920 – 1950 (and resurgent today on a limited basis)
Jacobs WindElectric
Zenith Farm Radio and Wincharger
Paris-Dunn
Awaiting the 3Awaiting the 3rdrd Coming of Small Wind Coming of Small Wind
3rd Coming False-Start No. 1: Oil Crisis: 1975 - 1985
Popular Science, July 1982
3rd Coming False-Start No. 2: Village Electrification, 1980 - Today
Small Wind Turbines in China
People Want Energy People Want Energy AlternativesAlternatives
Coal is too dirty, natural gas is too volatile, and consumers feel trapped
“Please give me something that will lower my electric bills, will help the environment, and that I can afford”
Fuel Cells:Not a source of energy!Wind
Solar-PV
Solar-Thermal
Clean Distributed GenerationClean Distributed GenerationRenewables for Homes, Farms, and Businesses
Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Small Wind
Installed Cost $ 9 / Watt $ 15 / Watt $ 4 / Watt
Status Commercial Demo Commercial
Payback Period 30 Years 30+ Years 15 Years
Cost Potential $ 3 in 2010 ? $ 1.50 in 2010
Typical Site Suburban Southwest Rural
Available Resources Poor - Good Poor - Good Poor - Great
StatusStatusof theof theTechnologiesTechnologies
Modern Small Wind Turbines:Modern Small Wind Turbines:Not Your Grandfather’s Windcharger
Definition: Under 100 kWDefinition: Under 100 kW Aerospace TechnologyAerospace Technology Sophisticated, but SimpleSophisticated, but Simple Proven: ~ 5,000 On-Grid Proven: ~ 5,000 On-Grid
American Companies American Companies are the Market and are the Market and Technology LeadersTechnology Leaders
10 kW50 kW
400 W
(Not to scale)
1 kW
Blades
Tail Boom
Tail Fin
PowerheadAlternator
TowerM ount
Spinner
Nacelle
How They WorkHow They Work
The blades act like wings of an airplane – capturing the energy in the wind
The blades turn a generator that converts blade rotation into electricity
The tail keeps the blades facing the wind
In high winds, the blades turn sideways to limit speed
Mechanical Simplicity ... Few Moving Parts
Tower
Small Wind Applications – Off-GridSmall Wind Applications – Off-Grid
Wind Home SystemsWind Home Systems
Controller
Battery Bank
120/240 VAC Loads
24 VDC Loads
DC Source Center Static
Inverter
600 W Wind Turbine
Wind Turbine
Tower
Wind Charge
Controller
Battery Bank
120/240 VAC Loads
DC Loads
DC Source Center PV Charge
Controller
PV Array (Optional)
DC - AC Inverter
System Controls Not Shown
Engine Generator (Optional)
Hybrid Power SystemsHybrid Power Systems
Wind-Electric Wind-Electric Pumping SystemsPumping Systems
Wind Turbine
Tower
Pump & System
Controller
Jack Pump
Centrifugal Pump
Submersible Pump
Small Wind Applications - On-GridSmall Wind Applications - On-Grid
10 kW Wind Turbine
24 m (80 ft) GuyedTower
Safety Switch
Power Processing
Unit (Inverter)
Cummulative Production
Meter
AC Load Center
Grid-Intertie Intertie + Back-up
Rural Residential Wind Rural Residential Wind
10 kW (23 ft. Rotor Diameter) Rural Site, 1 Acre or More Connected to House Wiring Produces ~ 13,000 kWh per
Year Offsets ~ 7 Tons of CO2 per
Year Excess Power Sold to Utility
(PURPA) Either Net Metering or Very
Low Buy-Back Rate Cost: ~ $35,000 - $50,000
10 kW Wind Turbine
24 m (80 ft) GuyedTower
Safety Switch
Power Processing
Unit (Inverter)
Cummulative Production
Meter
AC Load Center
TYPICAL HOME SYSTEMTYPICAL HOME SYSTEM
Grid-Intertie SystemGrid-Intertie SystemGrid-Intertie SystemGrid-Intertie System Variable Speed Wind Turbine, with
Inverter
No Batteries
Grid-Connect Through Dedicated Breaker in AC Load Center
Simultaneous Supply from Turbine and Utility … Not “Either or”
Turbine Production Reduces Purchase of Utility Power
Excess Production Sold to Utility
System Shuts Down During Outage
Easily Retrofitted to Existing Facilities
10 kW Wind Turbine
24 m (80 ft) GuyedTower
Safety Switch
Power Processing
Unit (Inverter)
Cummulative Production
Meter
AC Load Center
System Components:System Components:Wind Turbine – Bergey Excel-S
Rated at 10 kW at 30 mph
22 ft. Diameter Rotor ~ 900 Installed 5 Year Warranty No Scheduled
Maintenance 30 Year Design
System Components:System Components:Inverter – Bergey GridTek 10
Converts Wind Power into Utility Power – Power Processor
Standards: UL 1741, IEEE 929, IEEE 519
No risk to utility lineman during outages
InterconnectionInterconnection Industry Experience: 400+ Million
Operating Hours at Thousands of Sites – No Safety Issues
PURPA 210, Qualifying Facility
State Implementation Rules Differ
Net Metering (Energy Banking) for Small Systems in ~ 36 States
Utility Interconnection Agreement Required
UL and IEEE Standards for Safety and Power Quality
PermitsPermits Building Permit Usually
Required
Industry Design Standards Exceed Building Code Requirements for Wind Loading
Height Restrictions are the Most Common Problem: 35 ft. in Many Areas
Need 80 – 120 ft Towers
Neighbor’s Concerns: Noise, Aesthetics, Property Values … NIMBY & Neighborhood Politics
Case Study: Case Study: Farm with Wind SystemFarm with Wind System
Southwestern Kansas Bergey Windpower Excel wind
turbine 10 kW, 23 ft rotor, 100 ft tower
~21,000 kWh/year generation, utility bill savings ~$2,800/year
Installed in early 1980s, ~$25,000, received federal tax credit
Maintenance costs $50/year One lightning strike, damage was
covered by farm insurance
Typical CustomerTypical Customer 1 acre of property or more $100 / month electric bill or more DOE Class 2 wind
resource or better(over 50% of theU.S.)
State subsidy program
Typical Customer … Tomorrow?Typical Customer … Tomorrow? Single family dwelling Any size electric bill DOE Class 2 wind
resource or better(over 50% of the “inhabited” U.S.)
No or minimal subsidy
Monthly payment for wind system ~ equal to utility bill savings
U.S. Market Potential: U.S. Market Potential: It’s Big!It’s Big! Residential Electricity Consumption
Exceeds Either Commercial or Industrial (35% of U.S. Sales in 1998)
20.6 Million Homes have 1 Acre or More
30.4 Million Homes have ½ Acre or More
4.6 Million Commercial Buildings
Estimated 50%+ are in Class 2 Winds or better
Arthur D. Little, 1981:3.8 Million Units
Market Potential: Units by 2020
4 - 8 Million
Strategic PlanStrategic PlanFor Small Wind For Small Wind Turbine TechnologyTurbine Technology
American WindEnergy Association& US-DOE2002
http://www.awea.org/smallwind/documents/31958.pdf
Available On-line:
New Jersey New Jersey Wind Wind ResourcesResources
High-Res (800m)Wind Map NowAvailable
Recommend 5 m/s for Small Wind
New Jersey Market PotentialNew Jersey Market PotentialOver 1/4 Million Rural Homes & Businesses
1981 Arthur D. Little Study for US-DOE Showed a Potential Market of 234,000 Small Wind Systems In New Jersey
Today, That Equals Over 290,000 Rural Homes & Businesses, or ~ 2,900 MW
Potential Market of ~ $ 6 Billion
Market Barriers are Significant
Barriers to the MarketBarriers to the MarketWhy Aren’t There More Small Turbines
Equipment Costs too Much! (Low Production Volumes & Shortage of Subsidies)
Zoning / Permits: 35’ Height Restrictions in Residential Zones, NIMBY’s
New Technology is Lowering CostsNew Technology is Lowering Costs
Advanced Airfoils
“Super-Magnet” Generators
Low Cost Manufacturing
Smart Power Electronics
Stealth: Very Low Noise
US-DOE Advanced Small Wind US-DOE Advanced Small Wind Turbine Program + Industry Turbine Program + Industry Funded R&DFunded R&D
Volume Production will Drive Costs Volume Production will Drive Costs Down SignificantlyDown Significantly
Production Economies
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
Cumulative Production, No. of Units
Fa
cto
ry N
et
Pri
ce
(Tu
rbin
e O
nly
) -9%-16%
-23%
-30% -35%-41%
Current Situation
Example: When production reaches 8,200 units (82 MW), the production cost willbe 35% lower than the current cost.
Small Wind as a New-Age Home Appliance …Small Wind as a New-Age Home Appliance … “ a ceiling fan on steroids”“ a ceiling fan on steroids”
Prime Small Prime Small Wind Market Wind Market Areas in Areas in CaliforniaCalifornia
Antelope Valley
Solano County
Hesperia Area
Hesperia Market AreaHesperia Market Area
~ 45 10 kW wind turbine within 10 mile radius
Relaxed permitting requirements in San Bernardino Co.
Market tipping point achieved in 2004 after 3 years
Hesperia Market AreaHesperia Market Area
Neighboring 10 kWTurbines
“5 – Pack” Shipment
NJ Market: Picking Up SteamNJ Market: Picking Up Steam
NJ Clean Energy Program offers a 60% rebate Permitting has been problematic in
residentially zoned property More dealers, more sales – the market is
gaining momentum The BPU has been
supportive NJ Utilities have
been supportive
Installing the Chesterfield 10 kW
May 2003
Typical 10 kW System Costs (California)Typical 10 kW System Costs (California)
Item Description Price1 EXCEL-S Wind Turbine $14,9002 GridTek 10 Inverter $8,0003 100 ft. Guyed-Lattice Tower $6,9004 Tower Wiring Kit $9305 Shipping & Delivery $1,6006 Foundations $2,5007 Wire Run (250 ft) $1,7508 Electrical Contractor $1,3759 Turbine Set-Up (Inc. Crane) $1,500
10 Misc. Costs $50011 Building Permit $2,50012 Sales Tax (7.75%) $2,385
Total: $44,840
Item Description Price1 EXCEL-S Wind Turbine $14,9002 GridTek 10 Inverter $8,0003 100 ft. Self-Supporting Tower $10,9004 Tower Wiring Kit $9305 Shipping & Delivery $2,0006 Foundations $7,6007 Wire Run (250 ft) $1,7508 Electrical Contractor $1,3759 Turbine Set-Up (Inc. Crane) $2,10010 Misc. Costs $50011 Building Permit $2,50012 Sales Tax (7.75%) $2,690
Total: $55,245
Guyed Lattice Towers~ 2/3 of Market
Self-Supporting Towers~ 1/3 of Market
Guyed Lattice Tower
Top 10’ Section
Regular 10’ Sections
Bottom 10’ Section
Upper Guy Tabs (1/2” cable)
Lower Guy Tabs (5/16” cable)
TurnbucklesEqualizer PlatesAnchor RodAnchor Channel
Anchor Layout
120°
12
0°
Guy Anchor Pad, 3 Req'd
Base Pad
17.8928
Guy Radius + 1.3m (4.2')
Minimum Guy Radius is 50% Of The Tower Height Maximum Guy Radius is 90% of the Tower Height*
* - BWC tower kits are shipped with sufficient guy wire for an 80% guy radius. For longer guy radii, the guy wire must be special ordered.
16.6Guy Radius
BERGEY WINDPOWER CO.TITLE
DWG NO.DRAWN
PROJECT
DATE
4/7/00 MB
Guyed-Lattice Tower Nominal Layout
Figure 3
30”
30”
4”24”Min.
Pier PinBase Pads
Normal Soils
Weak Soils
Base Pad Construction
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Deadman Anchors
Anchor Construction
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Tower Assembly
Photo courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Guy Wires and Turnbuckles
Photo courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Turbine Assembly
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Turbine Assembly
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Turbine Assembly
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Disconnect and Furling Winch
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Raising Tower & Turbine
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Attach & Tension Guy Wires
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Detach Crane Lanyard
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Final Leveling of Tower
Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
Recheck Guy Wire Tension at 30-day and 180-day Inspections
Safety Guy Wires
Photo courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT
How to BuyHow to Buy
Contact local dealer(s): www.bergey.com
Check local zoning, particularly relating to 80 ft –120 ft tower height
Dealer site survey
Quotation - acceptance
Rebate reservation
Contact utility (dealer does usually)
Get building permits
Install and commission
Site SurveysSite Surveys
Site surveys help establish installation details that will set the scope and cost of the project Location of tower
Type & height of tower
Length of wire run
Type of soil and difficulty of excavation and trenching
Location for electronics
Other site or project details that might affect the budget or schedule
Dealer can review your bills and provide an estimate of the savings you can expect plus the approximate installation costs
Sources for Further Information Sources for Further Information on Small Windon Small Wind
American Wind Energy Association, Washington, DC
www.awea.org or 202-383-2500 Bergey WindPower Co., Norman, OK
www.bergey.com or 405-364-4212 US-DOE National Wind Technology
Center, Boulder, COMs. Trudy Forsyth: 303-384-6932
Let the Wind Let the Wind Pay your Pay your Electric BillsElectric Bills