slide 4-1 chapter 4 terms data communications and networking considerations introduction to...

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Chapter 4 TermsChapter 4 Terms

Data Communications andNetworking Considerations

Introduction to Information Systems

Judith C. Simon

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"Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. "Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without

the express written permission of the copyright owner is the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no

responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information use of these programs or from the use of the information

contained herein."contained herein."

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Chapter 4 Terms ReviewChapter 4 Terms Review

Analog signal:Analog signal: a continuous signala continuous signal Asynchronous communications:Asynchronous communications: one-character-at-a-time transmission of dataone-character-at-a-time transmission of data Bandwidth:Bandwidth:

the range (highest minus lowest) of frequencies that can be the range (highest minus lowest) of frequencies that can be transmitted transmitted

Baud rate:Baud rate:how fast signals can by sent over a communications how fast signals can by sent over a communications channelchannel

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Bits per second (bps):Bits per second (bps): how fast data can be sent over a communications channel; how fast data can be sent over a communications channel;

bps may be greater than the baud ratebps may be greater than the baud rate Bridge:Bridge: hardware that connects two homogeneous (similar) hardware that connects two homogeneous (similar)

networksnetworks Client/server model:Client/server model: a system that includes at least one server—a computer that a system that includes at least one server—a computer that

provides a service to at least one other computer (a client); provides a service to at least one other computer (a client); often referred to as a distributed systemoften referred to as a distributed system

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Codec:Codec: device that converts analog video and audio data into device that converts analog video and audio data into

digital signalsdigital signals Common carrier:Common carrier: an organization that provides a common type of an organization that provides a common type of

communications service to many people, such as telephone communications service to many people, such as telephone serviceservice

Data communications:Data communications: use of a computer-based system to transmit data use of a computer-based system to transmit data

electronically electronically

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Data communications media:Data communications media: means of transmitting data such as wire pairs, coaxial means of transmitting data such as wire pairs, coaxial

cables, or microwavecables, or microwave

Dedicated communications channel:Dedicated communications channel: service in which the connection from one piece of service in which the connection from one piece of

hardware to another is used only for that connectionhardware to another is used only for that connection

Digital signal:Digital signal:a discrete or pulse-type signala discrete or pulse-type signal

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Full duplex:Full duplex: a communications channel over which data transmissions a communications channel over which data transmissions

can travel in both directions simultaneouslycan travel in both directions simultaneously

Gateway:Gateway: hardware that connects heterogeneous (not similar) hardware that connects heterogeneous (not similar)

networks networks

Half duplex:Half duplex: a communications channel over which data transmissions a communications channel over which data transmissions

can travel in both directions, but not at the same timecan travel in both directions, but not at the same time

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Latency:Latency: amount of time required to get data from one point to amount of time required to get data from one point to

another another

Local area networks (LAN):Local area networks (LAN): computers linked into a network in a small geographic area computers linked into a network in a small geographic area

and widely used for sharing data, software, and hardwareand widely used for sharing data, software, and hardware

Medium:Medium: the means by which a transmission occurs, also referred to the means by which a transmission occurs, also referred to

as a channel; examples include wire pairs, coaxial cables, as a channel; examples include wire pairs, coaxial cables, optical fiber, and microwaveoptical fiber, and microwave

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Message:Message: a group of bits being transmitteda group of bits being transmitted

Middleware:Middleware: software that links client and server applications in software that links client and server applications in

distributed systemsdistributed systems

Modem:Modem: device that converts digital data to analog (modulation) device that converts digital data to analog (modulation)

and analog data to digital (demodulation)and analog data to digital (demodulation)

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Network:Network: a group of computers and other hardware that is connected a group of computers and other hardware that is connected

by communications media so that resources can be sharedby communications media so that resources can be shared

Network protocol:Network protocol: rules for network communications; examples include rules for network communications; examples include

CSMA/CD, token passing and TCP/IPCSMA/CD, token passing and TCP/IP

Packet-switched service:Packet-switched service: a type of communications service in which messages travel a type of communications service in which messages travel

in small groupings (packets) and may be relayed through in small groupings (packets) and may be relayed through several computers before arriving at the destinationseveral computers before arriving at the destination

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Parallel communications:Parallel communications: use of multiple paths at one time to transmit bits of datause of multiple paths at one time to transmit bits of data

Receiver:Receiver: the recipient of data being communicatedthe recipient of data being communicated

Router:Router: device that selects the channel (route) to use for device that selects the channel (route) to use for

transmission of a messagetransmission of a message

SenderSenderthe originator of a message being communicatedthe originator of a message being communicated

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Serial communications:Serial communications: use of one path to transmit bits of datause of one path to transmit bits of data

Simplex:Simplex: a communications channel over which data transmission a communications channel over which data transmission

travels in one direction onlytravels in one direction only

Synchronous communications:Synchronous communications:transmission of a block of characters at a time rather than transmission of a block of characters at a time rather than one character at a timeone character at a time

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Telecommunications:Telecommunications:

any communications over long distances, including those any communications over long distances, including those by telephone or telegraph as well as by computerby telephone or telegraph as well as by computer

Topology:Topology:

method of connecting computers in a network; examples method of connecting computers in a network; examples include fully interconnected, chain, loop, star, ring, and include fully interconnected, chain, loop, star, ring, and busbus

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Value-added carrier:Value-added carrier:

organization that enhances the services of common carriers organization that enhances the services of common carriers (an added value) and sells the use of this capability(an added value) and sells the use of this capability

Wide area network (WAN):Wide area network (WAN):

computers linked into a network in a large geographic are computers linked into a network in a large geographic are and widely used for sharing data, software and hardwareand widely used for sharing data, software and hardware

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