slide 1 of 28 classifying the elements 6.2. © copyright pearson prentice hall slide 2 of 28 6.2...
TRANSCRIPT
Slide 1 of 28
Classifying the Elements 6.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 28
6.2 Classifying the Elements
A coin may contain much information in a small space—its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements >
Slide 3 of 28
6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table
Squares in the Periodic Table
What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?
Slide 4 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table
The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.
6.2
Slide 5 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table
The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements.
• The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals.
• The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals.
• The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens.
6.2
Slide 6 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table6.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements >
Slide 7 of 28
Electron Configurations in Groups
Electron Configurations in Groups
How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations?
6.2
Slide 8 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
Elements can be sorted into the following based on their electron configurations:
1)noble gases
2)representative elements
3)transition metals
4)inner transition metals
6.2
Slide 9 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases.
6.2
Slide 10 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Do Now:
Write the electron configurations for:
Helium (He)
Neon (Ne)
Argon (Ar)
Krypton (Kr)
Slide 11 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The Noble Gases
The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.
6.2
Slide 12 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Nobel gases
What do all these Nobel gases have in common?
Take a look at the highest energy levels for each gas.
The s and p sublevels are completely filled with electrons.
Slide 13 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements
Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
• The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.
• The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
6.2
Slide 14 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.
6.2
Slide 15 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
6.2
Slide 16 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
Slide 17 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
Slide 18 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
Slide 19 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements
Representative Elements
6.2
Slide 20 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
Transition Elements
There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.
6.2
Slide 21 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
In atoms of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons.
In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.
6.2
Slide 22 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
Blocks of Elements
6.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 23 of 28
Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
Section Assessment
6.2.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 24 of 28
6.2 Section Quiz
1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?
a. color
b. symbol
c. atomic number
d. atomic mass
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 25 of 28
6.2 Section Quiz
2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level
a. an s2 electron.
b. an s1 electron.
c. p2 electrons.
d. p6 electrons.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 26 of 28
3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled?
a. Ne, noble gas
b. Cu, transition metal
c. Ga, transition metal
d. Cl, halogen
6.2 Section Quiz
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 27 of 28
6.2 Section Quiz
4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals?
a. p
b. d
c. s
d. f
END OF SHOW