end show slide 1 of 28 classifying the elements 6.2
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Classifying the Elements 6.2
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Element Song
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History
Mid 1800 – atomic masses of elements were known
Wrote down the elements in order of increasing mass
Russian Scientist Dmitri Mendeleev found a pattern of repeating properties.
Grouped elements in columns by similar properties in order of increasing atomic mass
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The Modern Table
Elements are still grouped by properties
Similar properties are in the same column
Order is in increasing atomic number
Added a column of elements Mendeleev didn’t know about.
The noble gases weren’t found because they didn’t react with anything.
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Horizontal rows are called periods
There are 7 periods
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Vertical columns are called groups and also families
Columns have similar
properties.
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Metals
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Metals
Luster – shiny.
Ductile – drawn into wires.
Malleable – hammered into sheets.
Conductors of heat and electricity.
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Transition metals
The Group B elements
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Transition Metals
The transition metals are the metallic elements that serve as a bridge, or transition, between the two sides of the table.
Transition metals are :
very hard
high melting points
high boiling points.
Electron configuration fills the d-subshell.
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Metalloids or Semimetals
Semiconductors
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Metalloids/Semiconductors
Have properties of conductors as well as insulators.
Allow electricity to flow in only one direction.
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Classifying the Elements >
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6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table
Squares in the Periodic Table
What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?
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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table
The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.
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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table
The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements.
• The Group 1A elements = alkali metals.
• The Group 2A elements = alkaline earth metals.
• The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens.
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Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table6.2
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Classifying the Elements >
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Electron Configurations in Groups
Electron Configurations in Groups
How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations?
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The Noble Gases
Group 8A consists of the noble gases. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements
Representative elements are in elements in groups 1A - 7A.
They display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.
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Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups
In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
Transition Elements
Two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.
transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons.
inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.
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Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements
Blocks of Elements
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6.2 Section Quiz
1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?
a. color
b. symbol
c. atomic number
d. atomic mass
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6.2 Section Quiz
2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level
a. an s2 electron.
b. an s1 electron.
c. p2 electrons.
d. p6 electrons.
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3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled?
a. Ne, noble gas
b. Cu, transition metal
c. Ga, transition metal
d. Cl, halogen
6.2 Section Quiz
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4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals?
a. p
b. d
c. s
d. f
6.2 Section Quiz