skeletal system chapter 3. provide framework for the body protect & support the internal...
TRANSCRIPT
Provide framework for the body
Protect & support the internal organs
Joints help to provide for body movement
Calcium is stored in bones
Red bone marrow helps
form blood.
FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and bursa
Bones are made of connective tissue.
Bone is almost the hardest tissue in the body
SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEM COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
The Structure of Bones The Structure of Bones Bones are made up of tissue, bone
marrow, and cartilage (Figure 3.1, p. 39) www.taleghanihospital.ir/.../BMT/BoneMarrow.gif
Tissues includeTissues include: See Table 3.1 (p. 38)Peri /oste /um – outermost covering of boneCompact bone – strong outer layer of boneSpongy bone – found inside and at the ends
of bones; red bone marrow located hereMedullary Cavity – shaft of long bone,
surrounded by compact bone; contains yellow bone marrow
STRUCTURE OF BONESSTRUCTURE OF BONES
STRUCTURE OF BONES STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D.CONT’D.
Bone MarrowBone MarrowRed bone marrow – located within spongy
bone, manufactures products that help form blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow – located in medullary cavity; made of fat cells, serves as fat storage area
CartilageCartilageSmooth rubbery substance that acts as a
shock absorber between bonesArticular cartilage – covers surface
of bones that form joints www.straightfromthedoc.com/50226711/knee.jpg
Meniscus – rounded cartilage (ex. knee)
STRUCTURE OF BONES STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’DCONT’D.Anatomical Landmarks of a BoneAnatomical Landmarks of a BoneDiaphysis – shaft of long bone
Epiphysis – wide end of long bone
Proximal epiphysis – end of bone closest to midline of body
Distal epiphysis – end of bone farthest from midline of body
Foramen – opening in a bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments
Process – projection on the surface of a bone that serves as attachments for muscles and tendons
JointsJoints – connections between bonesTypes of JointsTypes of Joints
Suture – forms a joint between two bones that do not move (ex. - skull)
Symphysis – two bones are held firmly together and act as one bone
(ex. – symphysis pubis) Synovial – movable joints in the body
(ex. – ball and socket
and hinge joints)
apps.uwhealth.org/.../images/en/19903.jpg
JOINTSJOINTS
STRUCTURES OF STRUCTURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTSSYNOVIAL JOINTS
Turn to p. 40, Figures 3.4 and 3.5LigamentsLigaments – connects bone to boneSynovial membrane and fluid Synovial membrane and fluid – synovial
joints are surrounded by a capsule and are lined with a membrane. Synovial membrane secretes a fluid that acts as a lubricant.
BursaBursa – a sac, lined with a synovial membrane and also contains synovial fluid. Found in areas where a tendon passes over a bone (ex. knee)
BONES OF THE SKULLBONES OF THE SKULLPlease turn to p. 43, Figures 3.9 and 3.10Major bones of the skull include:Major bones of the skull include:
FrontalParietalOccipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid
BONES OF THE FACEBONES OF THE FACEMajor bones of the face include:Major bones of the face include:
ZygomaticMaxilla Lacrimal Vomer Mandible Nasal
BONES OF THE CHESTBONES OF THE CHESTTurn to p. 41, figure 3.7Ribs (12 pair)
Sternum Xyphoid process
Clavicle
Scapula
BONES OF THE UPPER BONES OF THE UPPER BODYBODYTurn to p. 44, figures 3.11 and 3.12
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
BONES OF THE SPINAL BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMNCOLUMNTurn to p. 45, figure 3.14
Cervical vertebra (1-7)
Thoracic vertebra (1-12)
Lumbar vertebra (1-5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
BONES OF THE BONES OF THE LOWER BODYLOWER BODYTurn to p. 47, figure 3.17
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals Metatarsals http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/000f09d2.gif
Phalanges