SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

Support: bones help support and provide shape to the bodyProtection: provides protection to internal organsMineral storage: calcium and phosphorus make bones strong and help with oxygenHemopoiesis: blood cell formation that occurs in the red bone marrow

CONT.

Movement: anchors muscle and helps move limbsPronation-turn downward or backwardSupination- to turn forward or upwardFlexion- decreases the angle between two bonesExtension-increasing the angle between two bones

Rotation-movement around one central axisAbduction-movement away from the midline of the bodyAdduction-toward the midlineCircumduction- circular movement at a joint

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS

Arthritis: inflammation of the joints

2 types Osteoarthritis- most common joint disorder, cause from aging wear and tear, symptoms are joint stiffness, tenderness, swelling, Rx is medication, lifestyle changes

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS

Rheumatoid arthritis- symptoms are stiffness, joint pain and loss of ROM, cause is unknown, Rx is to alleviate symptoms

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS

Gout: type of arthritis from high uric acid in joints

Symptoms- starts in big toes, throbbing pain, swelling, tender, red

Cause- uric acid build up (diabetes, obesity, kidney disease)

Rx-ibuprofen, steroids, medication to reduce uric acid

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS

Osteoporosis: bones become weak and fragile, porous

Cause: low calcium, estrogen, steroid use

Rx: calcium, meds to make bone stronger, lifestyle changes,

Symp: pain, shrinking, easy breaks

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS

Rickets is softening and weakening of the bones

Symp: bone pain, tenderness, teeth deformaties

Cause: vitamin D defeciency

Rx- replace vitamin D, eat oranges

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS Abnormal Spinal Curvatures KYPHOSIS – humped curvature in the thoracic area of the spine “hunchback” LORDOSIS – exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum ”swayback”

SCOLIOSIS – side to side or lateral curvature of the spine

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

SKELETAL SYSTEM DISORDERS

Trauma's Dislocation: bone is displaced from its proper position in a joint

Strain: overstretching or tearing of a muscle

Fractures: bone break Sprain: wrenching of a joint, causing a stretching or tearing of ligaments

FRACTURES

Greenstick: fracture common in children - occurs when the bone is bent and splintered but never completely separates

Simple: bone is broken but no skin is punctured

Comminuted: bone is broken or splintered in many pieces embedded in surrounding tissue

Compound- most serious, broken bone protrudes through skin

FRACTURES

FRACTURES:

Rx: Open reduction: surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates or screws to hold the bone in alignment

Closed reduction: bone fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast orsplint is applied

Traction: pulling force is used to hold the bones in place after a fracture