“I've come to realize that life is not a

musical comedy, it's a Greek tragedy.”

-Billy Joel

Long Bones- Easily

identified by their

extended longitudinal

axes and expanded and

often uniquely shaped

articular ends. Examples:

Femur of the Thigh and

Humerus of the Arm.

Short Bones- Are often

described as cube- or box-

shaped structures, which

are about as broad as they

are long. Examples: Wrist

(carpals) and Ankle

(tarsal) bones.

Flat Bones- Generally broad and thin with a flattened and often curved surface. Examples: Skull, the Shoulder Blades, Ribs, and the Breastbone.

Irregular Bones- Often clustered in groups and come in various sizes and shapes. Examples: the Vertebral Bones.

Diaphysis- main

shaftlike portion

Epiphyses-both ends

of the long bone

Articular Cartilage-

thin layer of hyaline

cartilage that covers

articular or joint

surfaces of

epiphyses.

Periosteum- dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces where articular cartilage forms the covering.

Medullary (or marrow)- a tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis of a long bone.

Endosteum- A thin epithelial membrane that lines the medullarycavity of long bones.

This beautiful song The HaversianSystem is a song that touches your heart and moves throughout your bones giving you fresh air (oxygen) and gives you the strength (nutrients) to sooth your body

(2©)

The major components of the song are:

-Collagen; is a part of forming the bones

-Calcium; is what multiplies the bone cells

-Phosphate; it keeps our blood good (3©)

1. mechanical support of soft tissues

2. levers for muscle action

3. protection of the central nervous system

4. release of calcium and other ions for the maintenance of a constant ionic

environment in the extracellular fluid

5. housing and support of hemopoiesis

Compare and contrast the development of intramembranous and

endochondral bone.

· Endochondral ossification is the gradual replacement of cartilage by bone

during development. This process is responsible for formation of most of the

skeleton of vertebrate animals. In this process, actively dividing bone-forming

cells (osteoblasts) arise in regions of cartilage called ossification centers. The

osteoblasts then develop into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells

embedded in the calcified (hardened) part of the bone known as the matrix.

· Intramembranous ossification is the transformation of the mesenchyme, cells

of an embryo into bone. During early development of vertebrate animals, the

embryo consists of three primary cell layers: ectoderm on the outside,

mesoderm in the middle, and endoderm on the inside. Mesenchyme cells

constitute part of the embryo's mesoderm and develop into connective tissue

such as bone and blood. The bones of the skull derive directly from

mesenchyme cells by intramembranous ossification

Fracture healing is considered the prototype

of bone repair. The complex bone

tissuerepair process that follows a fracture is

apparently initiated by bone death or by

damage to persiosteal and haversian system

blood vessel.

Classifications of Joints- Joints can be classified as three major categories using structural or a functional scheme. If a “structural classification” is employed, joints are named according to the type of connective tissue that joins the bones together. For example: The fibrous or cartilaginous joints. OR the synovial joints. If a “functional classification” scheme is used, joints are divided into three classes according to the degree of movement they permit.

For Example: Synarthroses (immovable, Like when you do the robot and have to keep your joints stiff as if they are immovable) , or amphiarthroses (slightly movable, Like when you do the wave through your body and limbs) and Diarthroses (freely, Like when you do the Bernie Lean)

Functional

Name:

Structural

Name:

Degree of

Movement

Permitted:

Example:

Synarthroses Fibrous Immovable Sutures of Skull

Amphiarthroses Cartilaginous Slightly Movable Symphysis

Diarthroses Synovial Freely Movable Shoulder Joint

Synovial Joints- Synovial Joints are freely movable joints. they are also most anatomically most complex Joints. A Majority of the joints are between the appendicular skeleton are synovial joints. There are 4 Major Joints in the synovial Joint. ( Humeroscapular, Hip, Kee, and Vertebral). The types of movement possible at synovial joints depend on the shapes of articulating surfaces of the bones and the position of the joints’ ligaments and nearby muscles and tendons. All synovial Joints, however permit one or more of the following types of movements.

The range of motion is often one of the first assessment techniques employed by health care provider to determine the degree of damage in an injured joint.Angular Movements change the size of the angle between articulating bones. flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are some of the different types of angular movements.Circular Movements result in the arclike rotation of a structure around axisGliding Movements are the simplest of all movements. The articular surface of one bone moves over the articular surface of another without any angular or circular movement.

“Treatment for certain kinds of cancer have a side affect that

causes bone marrow to be broken and if this happens, blood cells

won’t be able to be made.” -Caller 1

“When Osteoporosis occurs, it stops calcium from doing it’s job to

help bone growth”

-Caller 1

“The Epiphyseal Plate fracture is most common in young adults and

children cause they are located at the ends of a long bone and

harden while the young person grows through their life, so they

fracture cause they don’t harden right away”

-Caller (4©)

“The skeletal framework affect adults because bones grow and if

adults don’t take in the nutrients that they need, then they can

have weak bones and could cause fractures more easily.”

-Caller 3