Skeletal Disorders InformationIn Alphabetical Order

By Kruti Patel

Blount’s Disease (Reagan T)• growth disorder of the shin bone (tibia) in which the lower leg turns

inward, resembling a bowleg

• Symptoms; look the same on both legs, occur just below the knee, rapidly get worse

• Blount's disease occurs in young children and adolescents.

• The cause is unknown

• Braces are used to treat children who develop severe bowing before the age of 3.

Chondromalacia (Taylor) The cartilage under your kneecap is a natural shock absorber.

Usually causes a dull, aching pain in the front of your knee. This pain can be aggravated when you: Walk up or down stairs, kneel or squat, sit with a bent knee for long periods of time

Causes; Poor control of your muscles, overuse, or injury

Treatment of patellofemoral pain often begins with simple measures. Rest your knee as much as possible.

Dislocations (Laura)

Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position.

 The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact sport.

Dislocated joints often are swollen, very painful and visibly out of place.

Treatment depends on which joint you dislocate and the severity of the injury. It might include manipulations to reposition your bones, medicine, a splint or sling, and rehabilitation.

Ewing’s Sarcoma (Alexis G)

Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant (cancerous) bone tumor that affects children.

Ewing's sarcoma can occur any time during childhood and young adulthood, but usually develops during puberty, when bones are growing rapidly. It is 10 times as common in Caucasian children as in African-American, African, and Asian children.

The most common symptom is pain and occasionally swelling at the site of the tumor.

Treatment should be done by a cancer specialist (oncologist) and often includes a combination of: Chemotherapy, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Vincristine, Radiation therapy, Surgical to remove the primary tumor

Gout (Jonathan)

Gout is a kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in blood and causes joint inflammation.

Gout is caused by having higher-than-normal levels of uric acid in your body.

Symptoms usually involve only one or a few joints. The big toe, knee, or ankle joints are most often affected; The pain starts suddenly, often during the night and is often described as throbbing, crushing, or excruciating, the joint appears warm and red. It is usually very tender (it hurts to lay a sheet or blanket over it), there may be a fever, the attack may go away in a few days, but may return from time to time. Additional attacks often last longer.

Medicines should be taken as soon as possible if you have a sudden gout attack.

Fractures (Dante)

A fracture is a break, usually in a bone.

Symptoms of a fracture are; Out-of-place or misshapen limb or joint

Swelling, bruising or bleeding

Intense pain

Numbness and tingling

Limited mobility or inability to move a limb

You need to get medical care right away for any fracture.

Lordosis (Ericka J)

Lordosis is an increased curving of the spine.

Causes; Achondroplasia

Benign juvenile lordosis (not medically significant)

Spondylolisthesis

If the back is flexible, lordosis is usually not treated and will not progress or cause problems.

Leukemia (Ariana)

Leukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system.

Leukemia usually starts in the white blood cells. Your white blood cells are potent infection fighters — they normally grow and divide in an orderly way, as your body needs them.

Treatment for leukemia can be complex — depending on the type of leukemia and other factors. But there are strategies and resources that can help to make your treatment successful.

Kyphosis (John C) Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding

of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.

In adults, kyphosis can be caused by: Degenerative diseases of the spine (such as arthritis or disk degeneration)

Fractures caused by osteoporosis (osteoporotic compression fractures)

Injury (trauma)

Slipping of one vertebra forward on another (spondylolisthesis)

Symptoms; Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)

Fatigue

Mild back pain

Round back appearance

Tenderness and stiffness in the spine

Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder.

Osgood-Schlatter’s disease ( CJ) Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the

upper part of the shinbone, just below the knee. This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.

Osgood-Schlatter disease is thought to be caused by small injuries due to repeated overuse before the knee area is finished growing

The main symptom is painful swelling over a bump on the lower leg bone (shinbone). Symptoms occur on one or both legs

Osgood-Schlatter disease will almost always goes away on its

own once the child stops growing.

Osteochondritis(Andru S)

Inflammation of a bone along with its cartilage.

Osteochondritis occurs most often in young men, particularly after an injury to a joint.

Symptoms include: Pain, joint popping, joint weakness, and/or swelling and tenderness

The exact cause of Osteochondritis is unknown.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta(Ashley)

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a condition causing extremely fragile bones.

Symptoms; Blue tint to the whites of their eyes (blue sclera)

Multiple bone fractures

Early hearing loss (deafness)

There is not yet a cure for this disease

Osteomalacia (Kruti P) Osteomalacia is softening of the bones due to a lack of vitamin D or

a problem with the body's ability to break down and use this vitamin.

There are many causes of osteomalacia. In children, the condition is called rickets and is usually caused by low levels of vitamin D.

Symptoms; Bone fractures that happen without a real injury

Muscle weakness

Widespread bone pain, especially in the hips

Treatment may involve vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus supplements taken by mouth. People who cannot properly absorb nutrients through the intestines may need larger doses of vitamin D and calcium.

Osteomyelitis (Jessica) Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by bacteria or other

germs.

Bone infection is most often caused by bacteria, but it can also be caused by fungi or other germs.

Symptoms; Bone pain

Fever

General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill-feeling (malaise)

Local swelling, redness, and warmth

Antibiotics are given to destroy the bacteria causing the infection.

Osteonecrosis(Brannen M)

Osteonecrosis occurs when your bones lose their blood supply. The bones die and eventually collapse, leading to pain and arthritis.

The disease can affect men and women of any age, but it usually strikes in your thirties, forties or fifties.

Unknown cause.

Treatments include medicines, using crutches, limiting activities that put weight on the affected joints, electrical stimulation and surgery.

Paget’s Disease (Noel)

Paget's disease is a disorder that involves abnormal bone destruction and regrowth, which results in deformity.

The cause of Paget's disease is unknown, although it might have to do with genes or a viral infection early in life.

Most patients have no symptoms. Paget's disease is often diagnosed when an x-ray is done for another reason.

Rheumatoid Arthritis(Kathy) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term disease that leads to

inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It can also affect other organs.

The cause of RA is unknown.

RA usually affects joints on both sides of the body equally. Wrists, fingers, knees, feet, and ankles are the most commonly affected.

RA usually requires lifelong treatment, including medications, physical therapy, exercise, education, and possibly surgery. Early, aggressive treatment for RA can delay joint destruction.

Polio (Sean)

Polio is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis.

Symptoms: General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise)

Headache

Red throat

Slight fever

Sore throat

Vomiting

The goal of treatment is to control symptoms while the infection runs its course.

Scoliosis (Samantha T) Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine.

Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. It is the most common type. It is grouped by age.

Symptoms; Backache or low-back pain

Tired feeling in the spine after sitting or standing for a long time

Uneven hips or shoulders (one shoulder may be higher than the other)

Spine curves more to one side

1. Spina Bifida (Leilani)

Spina Bifida (Leilani)

Spina Bifida is a birth defect in which the backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth.

Spina bifida refers to any birth defect involving incomplete closure of the spine.

Normally, during the first month of a pregnancy, the two sides of the spine (or backbone) join together to cover the spinal cord, spinal nerves and meninges (the tissues covering the spinal cord).

Genetic counseling may be recommended. In some cases where severe defect is detected early in the pregnancy, a therapeutic abortion may be considered.

Talipes equinovarus (Zach) Talipes equinovarus is when the foot turns inward and downward. It

is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth.

It’s the most common congenital disorder of the legs. It can range from mild and flexible to severe and rigid.

Treatment may involve moving the foot into the correct position and using a cast to keep it there. This is often done by an orthopedic specialist. Treatment should be started as early as possible -- ideally, shortly after birth -- when it is easiest to reshape the foot.

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