sixty-first critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of...

Sixty-First Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the Historyof Civilization (to May 1941)Author(s): George Sarton and Frances SiegelSource: Isis, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Sep., 1941), pp. 353-430Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/330799 .

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Sixty-first Critical Bibliography of the

History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to May 1941)

T HE latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the sixtieth which was published in Isis 33, 84-180, March 1941), but the two preceding bibliographies, nos. 58 and 59, are thus far unavailable to the ma-

jority of our readers because of the German invasion of Belgium. The bibliography no. 59 has actually been published in Isis (vol. 31, 491-608, April 1940), but thus far only five copies of the issue containing it (no. 84 of Isis completing vol. 31) have reached America, via Siberia (between June 6 and July 2, 1941).

This sixty-first bibliography contains about 610 items. They have been kindly contributed by the twelve following scholars belonging to three different countries:

C. W. ADAMS (Hertford, England) R. K. MERTON (New York, N. Y.) I B. COHEN (Cambridge, Mass.) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Narberth, Pa.) T. L. DAVIS (Cambridge, Mass.) J. PELSENEER (Brussels) L. GUINET (Brussels) A. POGO (Cambridge, Mass.) C. A. KOFOID (Berkeley, Calif.) G. SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) C. D. LEAKE (San Francisco, Calif.) C. ZIRKLE (Philadelphia, Pa.)

The notes of this bibliography are based on an autopsy of the original books or articles, except in a few cases when various secondary notes (derived from reviews) relative to the same item confirm one another completely.

The historical classification (Part II) contains a new section (IV), "The New World and Africa" divided into three subsections: (a) America, (b) Oceania, (c) Africa. (These subsections have not been numbered, in order not to disturb the numbering of sections of Part III.)

I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be registered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing they will not simply help me and every other historian of science but they will help themselves in the best manner, for they will obtain for their work the most valuable publicity and its certain incorporation into the literature of the subject.

Most of the notes were selected by me. They were typed by Miss



354 VIth B. C. to IVth B. C. (1)

FRANCES SIEGEL and the typing read by I BERNARD COHEN. The proofs were read by Dr. A. POGO.

GEORGE SARTON

July 9, 1941 Harvard Library, 185, Cambridge, Mass.

PART I

FUNDAMENTAL CLASSIFICATION (CENTURIAL)

VITH CENTURY B.C.

ERHARD, HUBERT.-WAR ANAXIMANDROS DESZENDENZTHEORETIKER? Archiv fur Geschichte der Medizin 33, 107-11, 1940.

VTH CENTURY B.C.

KAPFERER, RICHARD.-DER BLUTKREISLAUF IN DEN HIPPOKRATISCHEN SCHRIFTEN.

Hippokrates 29, 84-86, 646-48, 1940.

KIRK, WILLIAM C., JR.-FIRE IN THE COSMOLOGICAL SPECULATIONS OF HERACLEITUS. 60 p., 12 diagrams (Inaugural Dissertation, Princeton University, 1938). Minneapolis, Burgess Publishing Co., 1940 ($1.25).

Only the ipsissima verba of HERACLEITUS can safely be used to determine his teachings. This is especially true in the case of fire, the principle on which he sought to explain the physical world and all in it. The later increments in the doxographical tradition acquire importance only from the light they throw upon the subsequent history of HERACLEITUS' doctrines. His "physics" were included in the philosphy of the Stoics and later writers often confused him and the Stoics. Even PLATO mingled him and other pre-Socratics rather indiscriminately. When the Stoic extensions are subtracted from DIOGENES' compilation the remainder agrees with HERACLEITUS' own words. All

things consist of fire and are an exchange of fire. The cosmos is one, being produced from fire and alternately becoming fire. These changes comprise the Way Up and the Way Down and thus include the three stages,-fire, earth, and water. GALEN'S statement is interesting only in not making the cycle complete a circuit. The theory of periodic con- flagrations of SIMPLICIUS was a Stoic extension. The fragments which DIELS collected add nothing and only serve to show how repeated quotations perverted the original doctrine of HERACLEITUS.-C.A.K.

NITTIS, SAVAS-THE AUTHORSHIP AND PROBABLE DATE OF THE HIPPOCRATIC OATIT.

Linguistic and philological considerations of the }vyy pa arj with a short history of Greek fraternal societies. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1012-21, 1940.

SOUQUES, A.--LA DOULEUR DANS LES LIVRES HIPPOCRATIQUES. Bulletin de la societg

franQaise d'histoire de la m.decine 32, 178-86, 222-42, 1938; 33, 37-48, 131-44, 1939; 34, 53-59, 1940.

IVTH CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

COOPER, LANE.-PLATO ON THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF SOCRATES. XIV +200 p. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1941 ($2.00).

The Platonic dialogues relating to the trial and death of SOCRATES are here presented in a new translation by Professor LANE COOPER; the dialogues are Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo. The translation is quite undistinguished and pedestrian, but it seems



IVth B. C. (1) to lInd (1) 355

to follow the original closely. Professor COOPER contributes an introduction and four brief prefatory notes. There is a useful list of dates and an index.-M.F.A.M.

GOMPERZ, H.-PLATO ON PERSONALITY. The Personalist, 5 p., 1941.

IVTH CENTURY B.C. (second half)

HALBE, A.-PYTHEAS AUS MASSILIA entdeckt im Jahre 320 v. Chr. auf dem Seewege die Ostsee und an ihren Kiisten Germanenvolker sowie die Haupt-Fundstiitte des Bern- steins das Samland. 40 p. Zeulenroda-Thiir., SPORN, 1934.

IIIRD CENTURY B.C. (second half)

BODDE, DERK.-STATESMAN, PATRIOT, AND GENERAL IN ANCIENT CHINA: Three

"Shih chi" biographies of the Ch'in Dynasty (255-206 B.C.). Translated and discussed. XI+75 p. (American Oriental Series). New Haven, American Oriental Society, 1940.

Reviewed by F. D. SCHULTHEIS, American Historical Review 46, 654, 1941.

MEINECKE, BRUNO.-A QUASI-AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL CASE HISTORY OF AN ANCIENT

GREEK CHILD. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1022-31, 1940.

THAER, CLEMENS.-DIE W URFELVERDOPPELUNG DES APOLLONIOS. Deutsche Mathe- matik 5, 241-43, 1940.

IST CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

NEUGEBAUER, OTTO.-CLEOMEDES AND THE MERIDIAN OF LYSIMACHIA. American Journal of Philology 62, 344-47, 1941.

IST CENTURY (whole and first half)

CASTIGLIONI, ARTURO.-AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS AS A HISTORIAN OF MEDICINE.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 857-73, 1940.

DUBS, HOMER H.-WANG MANG AND HIS ECONOMIC REFORMS. T'oung Pao 35, 219-65, 1940.

GOODENOUGH, ERWIN R.-AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILO JUDAEUS. XII +223 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1940.

Reviewed by SOLOMON ZEITLIN, Jewish Quarterly Review 31, 314-21, 1941.

IST CENTURY (second half)

PLINY.-NATURAL HISTORY. With an English translation by H. RACKHAM (in ten volumes). Vol. I. Praefatio. Libri I, II. xIv +378 p., Latin and English texts on facing pages. (Loeb Classical Library, No. 330). Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by CHARLES A. KOFOID, Isis 31, 433-34, 1940.

IIND CENTURY (whole and first half)

DILLER, AUBREY.-THE PARALLELS ON THE PTOLEMAIC MAPS. Isis 33, 4-7, 1941.

SCHNABEL, PAUL.-TExT UND KARTEN DES PTOLEMAUS. VIII+128 p., 8 pl. (Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Geographie und Volkerkunde, 2). Leipzig, KOEHLER, 1938.

Reviewed by AXEL NELSON, Lychnos, 442, 1941.



356 IVth (2) to VIIIth (1)

IVTH CENTURY (second half)

ALFOLDI, ANDREAS.-A FESTIVAL OF ISIS IN ROME IN THE FOURTH CENTURY. Trans- actions of the International Numismatic Congress (London 1936), p. 135-36, London, 1938.

KEENAN, SISTER MARY EMILY.-ST. GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS AND EARLY BYZAN- TINE MEDICINE. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 8-30, 1941.

VTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

RICHESON, A. W.-HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA. National Mathematics Magazine 15. 11

p., 1940.

VIITH CENTURY (second half)

BAGCIII, PRABODH CHANDRA.-DEUX LEXIQUES SANSKRIT-CHINOIS, Fan yu tsa

ming de LI YEN et Fan yu ts'ien tseu wen de YI-TsING.-Tomes I et II. 541 p. (Sino-Indica, Publications de l'Universite de Calcutta, t. II-III). Paris, GEUTHNER, 1929-37.

Chinese text with transcription of Chinese and Sanskrit words and French translation. The first of these lexica was compiled by one LI YEN (6949, 13025) who died probably between 789 and 795; it was probably compiled toward the end of his life. The other lexicon is a century older, for it was compiled before 695 by the famous pilgrim I-CHING (VII-2), under the name of PARAMARTHA-DEVA which is the Sanskrit equivalent of I-CHING. Indeed from the time of FA-HSIEN (V-l) on, Chinese pilgrims fondly assumed Sanskrit names. PELLIOT has denied the ascription of the lexicon to this particular I-CHING, but I have more confidence in BAGCHI's argument which continues the old Chinese tradition. I would have liked to find comparisons between these two early lexica and the Fan-i ming-i chi compiled by FA YUN (XII-2) which is a part of the Chines Tripitaka (NANJIO no. 1640). We have discussed a previous work by BAGCHI: Le canon bouddhique en Chine (vol. 1, 1927; Isis 11, 506); since then vol. 2 has appeared (1938) but not yet vol. 3 which is to contain the indispensable Chinese index. As long as that index is lacking BAGCHI'S canon remains far less serviceable than NANJIO'S older work (1883).-G.S.

VIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

EMERTON, EPHRAIM (1851-1935).-THE LETTERS OF SAINT BONIFACE. 204 p. New

York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($3.00). This translation of the letters of Saint BONIFACE was completed by Professor

EMERTON shortly before his death, as was the introduction which he has written to the letters. The manuscript has been carefully checked and prepared for the press by Pro- fessor GEORGE LA PIANA, in fulfillment of a wish which Professor EMERTON expressed before his death.

Concerning the translation itself it need only be said that it is by EPHRAIM EMERTON, a scholar whose profound understanding of mediaeval ecclesiastical history was sur- passed only by his own sympathetic approach to its study. Although Professor EMERTON does not tell us what principle he followed in making this translation, it is very evident that it is literally faithful, and yet he catches the spirit of the original so closely that BONIFACE, the eighth-century missionary, would here seem to stand revealed more naturally than, in English dress, he has ever been represented. These letters reveal not alone the noble character of their writer, but also something of the character of the culture of the age in which he lived so fully. There is a short bibliography and an index. -M.F.A.M.

LAISTNER, MAX LUDWIG WOLFRAM.-BEDAE VENERABILIS EXPOSITIO ACTUUM



VIIIth (1) to Xth (1) 357

APOSTOLORUM ET RETRACTATIO, XLV +176 p. Cambridge, Mediaeval Academy of Amer-

ica, 1939. IXTH CENTURY (second half)

BAKOS, JAN.-QUELLENANALYSE DER ZOOLOGIE AUS DEM HEXAEMERON DES MOSES

BAR KEPH_. Archiv orientdlni 6, 267-71, 1934 (to be cont'd).

FARMER, HENRY GEORGE.-MusIc: THE PRICELESS JEWEL. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 22-30, 1941 (to be cont'd).

"Although IBN 'ABD RABBIHI'S priceless jewel has fourteen facets (fusul), what is re- flected here is only from four of them, viz. the origin of singing and its source, the beautiful voice, the disagreement of people about singing, and stories of the singers."

LUTZ, C. E.-IOHANNIS SCOTTI ANNOTATIONES IN MARCIANUM. XXX +9244 p. Cambridge, Mass., Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939.

Reviewed by E. K. RAND, Speculum 16, 129-31, 1941.

XTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

FARIS, NABIH AMIN.-AL-IKLIL (AL-JUZ' AL-THAMIN) BY AL-HASAN IBN-AHMAD AL-HAMDiNt. Edited with linguistic, geographic, and historic notes. xvI +249 p. Prince- ton University Press, 1940 ($5).

The same scholar published an English translation of the same text in 1938 (Isis 31, 499). For the Arabic author, AL-HAMDiANt, see my Introduction (vol. 1, 637); his work is very important, because he was one of the very few early Muslim writers (five in all) who paid any attention to pre-Islamic Arabia. Unfortunately, only books 1, 2, 8 and 10 of the Iklil have survived. Book 8 was first edited in Arabic by the learned Carmelite father ANASTASE-MARIE DE SAINT ELIE of Baghdad, well known among Arabists, because of his studies on the errors of ancient and modern lexicographers (Baghdad 1933) and of many other works. His edition (1931) though based on four MSS was defective in various respects, yet we should remember that he was a pioneer. One should always speak with gratitude of the first editor of any difficult text, for he cleared the ground and made the task of later editors considerably easier. FARIS' new edition is based on all the MSS, including a new one in the Princeton Library, the variants being scrupulously indicated in the footnotes. This volume increases our indebtedness to the editor and to the Princeton Department of Arabic Studies, the leading one of its kind in America.- G.S.

KLEIN, WALTER C.-ABU'L-HASAN 'ALi IBN ISMA'IL AL-ASH'ARI'S al-Ibanah 'an Uaul

ad-Diyanah (The elucidation of Islam's foundation). A translation with introduction and notes. xIv +143 p. (American Oriental Series, 19). New Haven, American Oriental Society, 1940.

This important treatise by the founder of Islamic scholasticism was twice printed in Arabic (Hyderabad, A. H. 1321, Cairo 1348). The present translation is based chiefly on the Cairene edition, and is preceded by a lucid introduction. Says the author: AL-ASH'ARI'S "title to renown is based mainly not upon eminent spirituality or the invention, on his part, of anything radically new in the domain of religion, but upon his discovery of a middle intellectual ground for orthodoxy, and upon his foundation of a school in whose hands the kaldm, largely suspect until his time, became the method of the speculative theologians of Islam." (See Introduction 1, 625).-G.S.

NEMOY, LEON.-KITAB AL-ANWAR WAL-MARAQIB. Code of Karaite law, by YA'QUB AL- QIRQISANI (second quarter of the tenth century). Edited from manuscripts in the State



358 Xth (1) to XIIth (1)

Public Library at Leningrad and the British Museum at London. Volume III, pp. 495- 788. New York, Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation, 1941.

The first two volumes of this great undertaking were reviewed in vol. 33, 89. Vol. III gives us the fifth discourse (circumcision, sabbath) and the sixth discourse (civil and criminal law, liturgy). The sixtlh one contains many materials of scientific interest, e.g., notes on numismatics. The text is lithoprinted, the original script, Arabic and Hebrew, remarkably beautiful, a pleasure to the eye. We hope that the author will soon publish the other volumes, especially the one containing the indices without which the wealth of information published in this work remains largely unavailable.-G.S.

XTH CENTURY (second half)

MIELI, ALDO.-ENTRE LOS MEDICAMENTOS Y LOS VENENOS DE ABJ MANSTR MUWAF- FAQ. Archeion 22, 398-406, 1940.

XITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

MACKINNEY, LOREN C.-QUERY NO. 96. The marvelous mule. Isis 33, 55, 1941.

MEYERHOF, MAX.-ETUDES DE PHARMACOLOGIE ARABE TIREES DE MANUSCRITS IN- EDITS. Bulletin de l'Institut d'Eygpte 22, 133-52, Le Caire 1940.

This study deals with the materia medica, Kitdb al-saydala f-l-tibb which AL-BIRUNI composed but was apparently unable to complete. The text remained unknown until BEVERIDGE gave a description of a late MS (BM, Or 5849) in JRAS (333-35, 1902), containing a Persian version of it. In 1930 the Russian Muslim, Dr. ZAKI VELIDI, found in Brusa an incomplete and imperfect but early MS of the Arabic text. Dr. MEYERHOF analyzes al-BIRmuN's preface divided into five chapters and most interesting from the philological and historical points of views (a complete translation of it would be highly desirable). The textbook itself contains about 800 articles of which one tenth is lost, and every part gives an impression of incompleteness (e.g., some articles devoted to very important drugs extend to two or three lines only). AL-BIRUNI often gave the names of drugs in Arabic, Greek, Syriac, Hebrew, and many dialects of India and Central Asia. For the sake of illustration MEYERHOF translates the essential parts of three articles taken from each of the three kingdoms (1) azfdr al-tibb, ungues odorati, opercula of a marine gastropoda, (2) bish aconite; this article is far superior to articles devoted to the same plant by other Muslim pharmacologists, perhaps because of AL-BIRJNI'S closeness to India, where some 25 species of aconite are growing, (3) tin al-karm, vine earth, that is, the y7 a 7reXrTLs of DIOSCORIDES and GALEN. This study confirms our very high opinion of AL-BIRuNI, one of the greatest scholars of mediaeval times.-G.S.

MIELI, ALDO.-LAS TEORiAS DE IBN SINX (AVICENNA) SOBRE LA FORMACION DE LAS MONTANAS. Archeion 22, 332-33, 1940.

XIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

ASIN PALACIOS, MIGUEL.-AVEMPACE BOTANICO. Al-Andalus 5, 255-99, 1940.

In my Introduction (vol. 2, 183), I expressed a wish for the study of the scientific writings of IBN BAJ.JA. Thanks to the untiring activity of Don MIGUEL ASiN Y PALACIOS that wish is now partially fulfilled. Don MIGUEL gives us here the Arabic text and Span- ish translation of IBN BAJJA'S treatise on plants.-G.S.

IBN BASSAM AL-SHANTARINI, ABU-L-HASAN 'ALI.-AL-DHAKHIRA Fr MAHASIN AHL AL-JAZIRA. Part I, vol. 1, 419 p. (Publications of the Faculty of Letters of the

Egyptian University, no. 26).

Reviewed by E.G.G., Al-Andalus 5, 494-96, 1940.



XIIth (1) to XIIIth (1) 359

FLEISCHER, Y. L.-SEFER HA-'6LAM LE-RABBENU ABRAHAM IBN EZRA. Osar ha-hayyim 13, 19 p., Homona, 1937. SEFER HA-MIBHARIM LE-RABBENU ABRAHAM IBN EZRA. 19 p. Published in the testimonial volume to Drs. P. LEVY, M. LANQO and J. SINGER. 1939.

Reviewed by J.M.V., Al-Andalus 5, 500-01, 1940.

MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSE M.-"RABBI ABRAHAM IBN EZRA'S WORK IN SCIENTIFIC

ASTRONOMY," Tarbitz, 9th year, parts 3-4, pp. 306-22 (in Hebrew). Jerusalem, Hebrew

University, 1938.

Reviewed by DANIEL NORMAN, Isis 31, 435-36, 1940.

SCHIRMANN, H.-HA-MESHORERIM BENE DORAM SEL MOSHE IBN EZRA WI-YEHUDA

HA-LEVI. Seder rishon. Published in Ye-di'ot hamekon le-beqer ha-shira ha-'ibrit, vol. II, p. 117-94, Berlin (SCHOCKEN), 1936.

Reviewed by J.M.V., Al-Andalus 5, 498-99, 1940.

XIITH CENTURY (second half)

AL-GHAFIQl, AHMAD IBN MUHAMMAD.-THE ABRIDGED VERSION OF "THE BOOK

OF SIMPLE DRUGS" of AHMAD IBN MUHAMMAD AL-GH'AFIQi, by GREGORIUS ABU'L-

FARAG (BARHEBRAEUS). Edited from the only two known manuscripts with an English translation, commentary and indexes by M. MEYERHOF and G. P. SOBHY bey. Vol. I, fasc. IV: letters ha and waw, p. 541-88 in English; 121-31 in Arabic (Fouad I Univer-

sity, Faculty of Medicine, 4). Cairo,Government Press, Bulaq, 1940.

This undertaking was discussed in Isis 20, 454-57 at the time of the appearance of the first part, 1932. Parts 2 and 3 were published in 1937 and 1938. This part is to be the last, though at least fifteen more fascicules would be needed to publish the remainder of the text, commentaries and indices. The stopping of the undertaking is due partly to the inability of the Egyptian government press to cope with it under the present circumstances, partly to the fact that two MSS of AL-GHAFIQI'S original book of simple drugs have come to light. One, probably written in Baghdad about the middle of the thirteenth century, is now in the Osler collection (McGill no. 7508); the other is in the Royal Library, Cairo. Say the editors: "Both of these MSS. contain only the first half of AL-GHAiFIQ'S work. A hasty examination of them showed that BARHEBRAEUS, the great scholar who produced the abridged version of which we edited the first six letters, had made his extract from AL-GH.'S book in a most intelligent manner, preserving all the essential material, and leaving off parts of minor importance. Nevertheless AL-GH.'S original work shows, besides its remarkable illustrations, many botanical and philological observations (especially the synonyms in Spanish and Oriental languages), so that we find it more scientific to rely on the original text. We thus hope to bring out, at first, the pictures of plants-many of them unknown to DIOSCORJDES and the other Greek authors and then to publish the most important parts of the text."-G.S.

SHAFI', MOHAMMAD.-TATIMMA "SIWAN AL-HIKMA" OF 'AL! B. ZAID AL-BAYHAQI.

Fasc. I, Arabic text, 14+359 p. fasc. II, Persian version, 134 p. Lahore, Punjab Uni-

versity Oriental Publications, 1935.

Reviewed by M.A.P., Al-Andalus 5, 483, 1940.

XIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

DONDAINE, A.-UN TRAITENEO-MANICHEEN DUXIIIE SIECLE: le 'Liber de duobus prin-

cipiis,' suivi d'un fragment de rituel Cathare. 172 p. Rome, Istituto Storico Domenicano, 1939.

Reviewed by PHILIP S. MOORE, Speculum 16, 123-25, 1941.



360 XIIIth (1) to XIVth (2)

SCHUTZ, A. H.-A NOTE ON THE LOCALIZATION OF DAUDE DE PRADAS. Speculum 15, 478-79, 1940.

VOGEL, KURT.-ZUR GESCHICHTE DER LINEAREN GLEICHUNGEN MIT MEHREREN UN- BEKANNTEN. Deutsche Mathematik 5, 219-40 (1940).

Study of problems in the Liber abaci (chapter 12, part 5) of LEONARDO OF PISA: De emptione equorum inter consocios secundum datam proportionem. LEONARDO used a method equivalent to our use of determinants; long before STIFEL and BUTEO he had obtained a general solution of systems of linear equations with several unknowns.-G.S.

XIIITH CENTURY (second half)

DEDECK-HERY, V. L.-THE MANUSCRIPTS OF THE TRANSLATION OF BOETHIUS'S

Consolatio by JEAN DE MEUNG. Speculum 15, 432-43, 1940.

MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSE M.-SOBRE LAS FUENTES DOCUMENTALES DE LA CON- TROVERSIA DE BARCELONA EN EL ANO 1263. Anales de la Universidad de Barcelona, Memorias y comunicaciones, 25-44, 1940.

Documents concerning the public disputation ordered by JAMES OF ARAGON in Barcelona between the Dominican PABLO CHRISTIANI and MOsEs BEN NAHMAN (Intr. 2, 883).-G.S.

SARTON, GEORGE.-QUERY NO. 97. The earliest reference to fossil fishes (1253, 1309). Isis 3S, 56-58, 1941.

SOLALINDE, A. G. (t).-UNA FUENTE DE LA PRIMERA CR6NICA GENERAL: LUCANO.

Hispanic Review 9, 235-42, 1941.

XIVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

AMELIA, SISTER M., O. P.-NICHOLAS BOZON. Speculum 15, 444-53, 1940.

CREUTZ, RUDOLF.-DAs MITTELALTERLICHE MEDIZINISCH-BOTANISCHE VOKABU-

LARIUM "ALPIIITA." Quelien u. Studien z. Gesch. d. Naturwiss. u.d. Med. 7, 1-80, 1940.

XIVTH CENTURY (second half)

ELLINWOOD, LEONARD.-THE WORKS OF FRANCESCO LANDINI. XLIII +316 p., 8 pl. Cambridge, Mass., Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939.

Important review by JEAN BECK, Speculum 15, 503-07, 1940.

HAMILTON, MARIE P.-THE CLERICAL STATUS OF CHAUCER'S ALCHEMIST. Speculum 16, 103-08, 1941.

MENUT, ALBERT DOUGLAS.-MAISTRE NICOLE ORESME: Le livre de ethiques d'Aristote. Published from the text of MS. 2902, Bibliotheque Royale de Belgique, with a critical introduction and notes by ALBERT DOUGLAS MENUT. XII+547 p., 20 pls. New York, STECHERT, 1940.

Reviewed by DANA B. DURAND, Isis 33, 68-71, 1941.

OLSON, CLAIR C.-CHAUCER AND THE MUSIC OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. Speculum 16, 64-91, 1941.



XIVth (2) to XVth (2) 361

RICHARDSON, H. G.-BUSINES TRANING IN MEDIEVAL OXFORD. American Historical

Review, 46, 259-80, 1941.

"In 1432 the University of Oxford regulated the position of those teachers who in- structed their pupils principally in the arts of writing and Latin composition, of speaking French, of drafting charters and similar documents, of keeping courts for laymen, and of pleading in the English manner. Since little seems to be known of either teachers or taught, and that little has, I fear, been misconceived, it may be useful to say some-

thing of THOMAS SAMPSON, who was actively engaged in teaching these subjects in the

second half of the fourteenth century. SAMPSON was, I think, a successful teacher; he was certainly a prolific writer, though his works, which have not entirely escaped attention, have not been studied as a whole, nor has their significance been realized."

XVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

BAYON, H. P.-A MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGICAL REVISION OF THE STORY OF JEHANNE, LA

PUCELLE DE DOMREMY. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 34, p. 161-70 (Sec-

tion of the history of medicine, p. 1-10), 1940.

BERGEN, HENRY.-LYDGATE'S Fall of Princes. Part I. (Books I and II), Lxv+328 p.,

frontispiece; Part II (Books III-V), p. 329-673; Part III (Books VI-IX), p. 675-1044;

Part IV. (Bibliographical introduction, notes and glossary), vII +529 p., frontispiece.

Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution, 1923-27.

Elaborate edition in three vols. (1923); a fourth and last vol. (1927) contains descrip-

tions and discussions of the MSS as well as of the printed editions of the texts of Boc-

CACCIO, LAURENCE, and LYDGATE; notes on the three texts, a long glossary of the

English one (p. 415-504) and an index. The Fall of Princes, consisting of 36,65 lines,

was written in 1431-38; it is a rhymed paraphrase of Des cas des nobles hommes et

femmes, LAURENCE DE PREMIERFAIT'S second amplified version (c. 1407) in French

prose of BOCCACCIO' De casibus virorum illustrium (1355-60). It explains the vicissitudes

of fortune as exemplified in the lives of illustrious men and women, and offers the

reader a general view of universal history from Adam down to the middle of the four-

teenth century. LAURENCE'S second version was considered an original work and was

very successful, witness the number of MSS (some of them magnificent) and six printed

editions from 1483 to 1538. LYDGATE'S Fall of Princes was printed by R. PYNSON in

1494 and 1527, then by two other printers in 1554. The text is of value today as a

synthesis of the historical lore available to educated Englishmen in the first half of the

fifteenth century.-G.S.

GANZENMULLER, WILHELM.-DAS BUCH DER HElLIGEN DREIFALTIGKEIT, eine

deutsche Alchemie aus dem Anfang des 15. Jahrhunderts. Arch. f. Kulturgesch. 29, 93-

146, 1939.

LENNOX, WILLIAM G.-ANTONIUS GUAINERIUS ON EPILEPSY. Annals of Medical

History 2, 482-99, 1940.

XVTH CENTURY (second half)

BUHLER, CURT F.-ASTROLOGICAL PROGNOSTICATIONS IN MS. 775 OF THE PIERPONT

MORGAN LIBRARY. Modern Language Notes 56, 351-55, 1941.

(LEONARDO DA VINCI).-AN EXHIBITION OF THE SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF LEON-

ARDO DA VINCI. Loaned by the Italian Ministry of Popular Culture. 60 p., 171 items,

pls. New York, Museum of Science and Industry, 1940.



362 XVth (2) to XVIth (1)

MINKIN, JACOB S.-ABARBANEL, VI +237 p. New York, BEHRMAN, 1938.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis 31, 438, 1940.

MORISON, SAMUEL ELIOT.-THE SECOND VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

FROM CADIZ TO HISPANIOLA AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE LESSER ANTILLES. 112 p., 4

maps. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1939.

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis 31, 436-37, 1940.

WILSON, WILLIAM JEROME.-THE SPANISH DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN MAINLAND. American Geographical Review 31, 283-99, 1941.

WILSON, WILLIAM JEROME.-THE TEXTUAL RELATIONS OF THE THACHER MANU- SCRIPT ON COLUMBUS AND EARLY PORTUGUESE NAVIGATIONS. Papers of the Biblio- graphical Society of America, 199-220, Oct. 1940.

XVITH CENTURY (whole and first half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

ROSEN, EDWARD.-THREE COPERNICAN TREATISES: The Commentariolus of COPERNI-

CUS; The Letter against Werner; The Narratio prima of RHETICUS. Translated with introduction and notes. xI+9211 p. (Records of civilization, sources and studies, no. 30.) New York, Columbia University Press, 1939.

Reviewed by H. C. PLUMMER, Nature 146, 343-44, 1940.

SMITH, SYRIL STANLEY.-METALLURGY OF THE RENAISSANCE. Technology Review 43, 155-57, 174-77, 1941.

TALLMADGE, G. KASTEN.-THE PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF MARK ANTONY ZIMARA. Isis 33, 8-14, 3 fig., 1941.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

FUCHS, LEONHART.-NEw KREUTERBUCH. 444 p. Leipzig, KOEHLER, 1938.

MARZELL, HEINRICH.-LEONHART FUCHS UND SEIN New Kreuterbuch (1543), 81 p. Leipzig, KOEHLER, 1938.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

BAIN, D. C.-A NOTE ON AN ENGLISH MANUSCRIPT RECEIPT BOOK. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1246-48, 1940.

CLEMEN, O.-ZUR GESCHICHTE DES MEDIZINSTUDIUMS IN LEIPZIG. Archiv fiir Ge- schichte der Medizin 33, 104-06, 1940.

LONG, ESMOND R.-THE PENETRATION OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SIXTEENTII CENTURY AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE Medicina OF JEAN FERNEL. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 8, 228-39, 2 fig., 1941.

PUTTI, VITTORIO (1880-1940).-BERENGARIO DA CARPI. Saggio biografico e biblio- grafico seguito dalla traduzione del "De fractura calvae sive cranei." II+352P p., pls. Bologna, CAPELLI, 1937.

An elaborate study, admirably illustrated, on the great anatomist of Carpi (near Modena), the precursor of VESALIUS. Our attention was drawn to it by an obituary by H. R. VIETS in the New England Journal of Medicine, Dec. 5, 1940. Indeed, the author,



XVIth (1) to XVIth (2) 363

VITTORIO PUTTI, died suddenly on Nov. 1 (or at the end of October). He was a very distinguished orthopedic surgeon, director of the Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli in Bologna.- G.S.

THORNDIKE, LYNN.-AN ANONYMOUS WORK ON POISONS ADDRESSED TO CHARLES OF

ORLEANS. Romanic Review, 939-41, Oct. 1940.

VAN GILS, J. B. F.-THEODORICUS GERARDUS GAUDANUS. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 21, 12-16, 1941.

E. ALIA

KARPINSKI, LOUIS C.; ALTON, ARTHUR S.-CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS OF SCIENTIFIC

IMPORTANCE IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. Archeion 22, 382-97, 1940.

NORDENSKJOLD, ERIK.-ANGABEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN

UND DER MEDIZIN IN SCHWEDEN IM 16. JAHRHUNDERT. Archeion 22, 322-25, 1940.

XVITH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

SARTON, GEORGE.-QUERY NO. 94. Is STEVIN'S Appendice algebraiqlue (Leiden 1594) COMPLETELY LOST? Isis 33, 55, 1941.

B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

BUGGE, GUNTHER.-DER ALCHEMIST. Die Geschichte LEONHARD THURNEYSSERS, des Goldmachers von Berlin. 303 p., 12 fig., Berlin, LIMPERT, 1939.

Reviewed by ZAUNICK, Mitt z. Gesch. d. Med. 39, 122-23, 1940.

SCHILLER, OTTOMAR.-TYCHo BRAHE A PRAGUE. Archeion 22, 372-75, 1940.

ZILSEL, EDGAR.-THE ORIGINS OF WILLIAM GILBERT'S SCIENTIFIC METHOD. Journal of the History of Ideas 2, 1-32, 1941.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

PAOLI, HUMBERTO JULIO.-VICISITUDES DE LAS OBRAS DE FRANCISCO HERNANDEZ

(1514-1578). Archeion 22, 154-70, 1 fig., 1940.

SARTON, GEORGE.-QUERY NO. 100. Apropos of a reproduction of an ommastrephes by MARC VAN VAERNEWYCK in 1566. Isis 33, 61-63, 1 facs., 1941.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

DOOREN, L.-DOCTOR JOHANNES WIER. Leven en werken. 146 p. (Academisch proef- scrift). Aalten, Drukkerij De Graafschap, 1940.

Reviewed by M. A. VAN ANDEL, Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 177, 1940.

FRIEDENWALD, HARRY.-A SIXTEENTH CENTURY CONSULTATION OF DOCTORS

AMATUS, LAGUNA AND BARBOSIUS CONCERNING DYSENTERY AND INTERMITTENCE OF

THE PULSE. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 199-209, 1941.

E. ALIA

FRANKE, OTTO.-LI TscHI, Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der chinesischen Geisteskampfe



364 XVIth (2) to XVIIth (1)

im 16. Jahrhundert. 62 p. Abhandl. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch., phil.-hist. Kl. 1937. LI TSCHI und MATTEO RICCI. 24 p. Abhandl. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch., phil.-hist. K1. 1938.

Reviewed by J. J. L. DUYVENDAK, T'oung Pao 35, 399-403, 1940. LI CHIH (1527- 1602) was an independent thinker affiliated with the school of WANG YANG-MING, and strongly opposed to the traditional Confucianism. The destruction of his writings was twice ordered; he committed suicide in prison in 1602.-G.S.

FRIEDENWALD, HARRY.-MONTAIGNE'S RELATION TO JUDAISM AND THE JEWS. Jewish Quarterly Review 31, 141-48, 1940.

SJOSTRAND, W.-ZUR GESCHICHTE DES RAMISMUS IN SCHWEDEN. Lychnos, 200-34 (in

Swedish), p. 235 (German summary), 1940.

XVIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

CASSIRER, ERNST.-DESCARTES. Lehre, Personlichkeit, Wirkung. 308 p. Stockholm, BERMANN-FISCHER, 1939.

This is the most recent work to come from the pen of this distinguished philosopher and historian of philosophy and scientific ideas. The author describes the book as: "Ein geistesgeschichtliches Werk von besonderer Bedeutung: Die Darstellung der DEscARTES'schen Philosophie als entscheidenden Kreuzungspunkt der geistigen Stro- mungen des 17. Jahrhunderts, in dem 'der Geist der neuen Mathematik und der modernen mathematischen Naturwissenschaften den Kampf gegen Mittelalter und Renaissance, gegen Scholastik und Humanismus aufnimmt'." The book is divided into two parts. The first is entitled "Grundprobleme des Cartesianismus" and contains two essays: "DESCARTES' Wahrheitsbegrif" and "Die Idee der 'Einheit der Wissenschaft' in der Philosophie DESCARTES'." The second book is likewise divided into two parts. The first of these, "DESCARTES und sein Jahrhundert," contains two essays: "DESCARTES und CORNEILLE" and "DESCARTES' Recherche de la Verite par la lumiere naturelle." The second part is devoted to a most interesting subject: "DESCARTES und Konigin CHRIS- TINA von Schweden. Eine Studie zur Geistesgeschichte des 17. Jahrhunderts."-I B.C.

HOFFMANN, HERMANN.-DER BRESLAUER MATHEMATIKER THEODORUS' MORETUS S. J. (1601-1667). Jahres-Bericht der Schles. Ges. f. vaterldnd. Cultur. 107, 118-55, 1934 (1935).

IWANICKI, JOSEPH.-MORIN ET LES DEMONSTRATIONS MATHEMATIQUES DE L'EXIS- TENCE DE DIEU. 144 p. Paris, VRIN, 1936.

Apropos of the astrologer, JEAN BAPTISTE MORIN (1583-1656). Reviewed by ROBERTA F. JOHNSON, Scripta Mathematia 5, 132-34, 1938.

LORIA, GINO.-DESCARTES GEOMETRE. Revue de metaphysique et de morale 44, 199--220, 1937.


BEECKMAN, ISAAC (1588-1637).---JOURNAL TENU PAR ISAAC BEECKMAN de 1604 a

1634, publie avec une introduction et des notes par C. DE WAARD. Tome premier, 1604- 1619. XL+364 p., 80 fig. La Haye, NIJHOFF, 1939 (tire a 200 exemplaires).

We are happy to greet the first volume of this long expected publication, though it could not have appeared under more tragic circumstances. The editor began his work in



XVIIth (1) 365

1906, but had great difficulty in obtaining sufficient financial help, in spite of the fact that the value of BEECKMAN'S diary had been realized in recent years by many scholars. Extracts from it had been edited by Isaac's brother Abraham (Utrecht 1644) and this had attracted the attention of some contemporaries, but Abraham's Centuria had fallen into oblivion (the pamphlet is now exceedingly rare, the editor knows of but a single copy of it, which belonged to ISAAC VossIus and is now in Leyden). Since then other extracts had appeared in various memoirs and chiefly in the TANNERY-ADAM edition of DESCARTES and in the MERSENNE correspondence (vols. 1-2, 1933-37; Isis 20, 467-70; 97, 334-36) revealing unguem leonis. A well annotated edition of the whole diary had become one of the desiderata of the student of the seventeenth century science. Dr. DE WAARD was eminently well qualified for this arduous task and we hope that he will be able to complete it within a reasonable time. He foresees the need of four volumes. "Nous avons divise le manuscrit en trois volumes: le premier comprendra les notes que BEECKMAN redigea lorsqu'il etait domicilie en Zelande; le second celles qu'il ecrivit a Utrecht et a Rotterdam; le troisieme reproduira celles de Dordrecht. Ces trois volumes seront precedes de notices indiquant l'adjonction de pieces d'autre provenance, la trans- position de certains documents ou la suppression de certains autres. Un quatrieme volume comprendra des Varia, des documents rassembles par BEECKMAN ou par d'autres, et se terminera par un index des noms propres et une table des matieres." The work will not be of full value to the historian until it is completely published with all necessary indices. Even then it will be like a quarry the riches of which will only appear gradually as it is exploited by many specialists.-G.S.

HUMBERT, PIERRE.-L'OEUVRE ASTRONOMIQUE DE GASSENDI. 31 p. (Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, 378). Paris, HERMANN, 1936.

MONTAGU, M. F. ASHLEY.-A SPURIOUS PORTRAIT OF ROBERT HOOKE (1635-1703). Isis 33, 15-17, port., 1941.

TAYLOR, F. SHERWOOD.--GALILEO AND THE FREEDOM OF THOUGHT. XVI +12 p. London, WATTS, 1938.

Reviewed by A. ARMITAGE, Science Progress 34, 428-29, 1939.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

HALLEMA, A.-EEN VONNIS UIT DE 17E EEUW BETREFFENDE VERVALSCHING VAN HET CLASSIEKE WONDERMIDDEL VAN DEN BEZOARSTEEN, een eigenaardige vorm van kwakzal-

verij of volksgeneeskunde in de 17de eeuw. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 15, 233-40, 1935.

HEATON, CLAUDE EDWIN.-MEDICINE IN NEW AMSTERDAM. Bulletin of the History

of Medicine 9, 125-43, 4 fig., 1941.

HOUSSAY, F.--DE LA NATURE DES CAUSES, DES DIFFERENCES DES MONSTRES, D APRES

FORTUNIO LICETI. 96 p. Paris, Editions Hippocrate, 1937.

JOHANSSON, ERNST.-HYGIENISCHE UND MEDIZINISCHE RATSCHLAGE IM EWIGEN KALENDER DES JOHANNES COLERUS. Archivfiir Geschichte der Medizin 33, 55-103, 1940.

E. ALIA

CIENCIA ESPANOLA.-Es TUDIOS SOBRE LA CIENCIA ESPANOLA DEL SIGLO XVII, por el Asociacion nacional de historiadores de la ciencia espafiola. 670 p. Madrid, Graphica Universal, 1935.

Reviewed by L. BRUNET, Thales 2, 260, 1935 (Paris 1936).



366 XVIIth (1)

CROUSE, NELLIS M.-FRENCH PIONEERS IN THE WEST INDIES. 294 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($3.50).

A great deal has been written on the "colonization" by the English of the Caribee Islands during the seventeenth century, but very little on the "colonization" of these islands by the French. In an erudite and admirably readable book Mr. CROUSE makes good this lacuna. The period with which he deals is from 1624 to 1664.-M.F.A.M.

JOHNSON, FRANCIS R.-GRESHAM COLLEGE: precursor of the Royal Society. Journal of the History of Ideas 1, 413-38, 1940.

JONAS, LEAH.-THE DIVINE SCIENCE. VIII+299 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($3.00).

Poetry, "The divine science" given by God to man for the specific purpose of promot- ing social virtue. That common theme seems to have bound the poets of the seventeenth century together, and it is the poetic evolution of that theme which Dr. JONAS successfully traces in this interesting volume. This is, however, a purely literary study, and it is a pity that the author has not seen fit to discuss her problems in relation to the social changes which are occurring all through the seventeenth century. There is a good index.-M.F.A.M.

MERTON, ROBERT K.-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY IN SEVENTEENTH CEN- TURY ENGLAND. Osiris 4, part 2, Bruges, 1938.

Reviewed by RICHARD F. JONES, Isis 31, 438-41, 1940.

PLOEG, W.-CONSTANTIJN HUYGENS EN DE NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN (proefschrift Leiden 1934). Rotterdam, NIJGH & VAN DITMAR N.V., 1934.

SEATON, ETHEL.--LITERARY RELATIONS OF ENGLAND AND SCANDINAVIA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 400 p., 16 pl. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1935.

SILVETTE, HERBERT.-CATALOGUE OF THE WORKS OF PHILEMON HOLLAND OF

COVENTRY, DOCTOR OF PHYSICKE, 1600-1940. xvIII+27 p. Charlottesville, Va., Uni-

versity of Virginia Press, 1940.

"This catalogue of the works of PHILEMON HOLLAND represents a penultimate essay towards a complete bio-bibliography of the Elizabethan translator and physician. Early in 1939 I issued for private circulation a Short-title list of the writings of Philemon Holland of Coventry, Doctor of Physicke, which was distributed to libraries in the United States and Great Britain. Through the kind co-operation of numerous librarians, to whom I shall later make detailed acknowledgment, a number of variant issues were discovered and several bibliographical ghosts finally laid. It is probable that this present list of editions of Doctor HOLLAND'S works from 1600 to 1940 is now essentially complete, and the various items have therefore been serially numbered with, I trust, some finality."

SILVETTE, HERBERT.-SOME BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES AND QUERIES ON PHILEMON

HOLLAND'S TRANSLATION OF THE Regimen Sanitatis Salerni. Isis 31, 305-08, 1940.

SILVETTE, HERBERT.-A TRIBUTE TO COVENTRY, 14 November 1940. 11 p., 2 pl. Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press, 1940.

A footnote to the story of PHILEMON HOLLAND, who died in Coventry on February 9, 1636, apropos of the martyrdom of that lovely and venerable city on Nov. 14, 1940.- G.S.



XVIIth (1) to XVIIth (2) 367

VATH, ALFONS (S.J.); VAN HEE, LOUIS (S.J.).-JOHANN ADAM SCHALL VON BELL

S.J., Missionar in China, Kaiserlicher Astronom und Ratgeber am Hofe von Peking, 1592-1666. xx+380 p. (Veroff. des Rhein. Museums in Koln, 2). Koln, BACHEM, 1933.

Reviewed by O. FRANKE, OLZ 37, 572-76, 1934, and by PAUL PELLIOT, T'oung Pao 31, 178-87, 1934.

XVIITH CENTURY (second half) A. MATHEMATICS

BABSON, MRS. ROGER W.-A PORTION OF SIR ISAAC NEWTON'S HOME (1710-1725), re- erected in the United States. 8 p. Address given October 28, 1939, at Dedication of the [Babson] Institute Library, Babson Park, Mass.

COHEN, I BERNARD.-QUERY NO. 99. Isaac Newton-an advocate of astrology? Isis 33, 60, 1941.

GARCIA DE ZUNIGA, E.-NEWTON. Conferencia leida el 18 de septiembre de 1940 en el Sal6n de actos piublicos de la universidad (a invitacion del comite de amigos de Tnglaterra). 12 p. Instituto de Estudios Superiores, Montevideo, 1940.

MONTAGU, M. F. ASHLEY.-LEIBNITZ AND NEWTON. Isis 33, 65, 1941.

POPP, KARL ROBERT.-JAcoB BOHME UND ISAAC NEWTON. Mit einem Verzeichnis der deutschen BoHME-Ausgaben seit 1624 und der englischen BoHME-tbersetzungen seit 1645. xii+97 p. (Studien und Bibliographien zur Gegenwartsphilosophie, 12). Leipzig, HIRZEL, 1935.

VOLLGRAFF, J. A.-DEMONSTRATION MECANIQUE DES THEOREMES DE TSCHIRNHAUS consideres dans le T. XX des (Euvres completes de Chr. Huygens. Janus 44, 198-201, 1940.


BELL, A. E.--CHRISTIAN HUYGENS, 1629-1695. Nature 146, 511,14, 1940.

COHEN, I BERNARD.-ROEMER AND THE FIRST DETERMINATION OF THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT (1676). Isis 31, 327-79, 2 pl., 2 fig., fasc., 1940.

With facsimile reproductions (nos. XIX to XXI). "XIX. Demonstration touchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouve par M. Romer (Journal des Sgavans, Dec. 7, 1676). XX. English translation of the above (Philosophical Transactions, June 25, 1677). XXI. Holograph manuscript of ROEMER'S containing data on the eclipses of Jupiter's first satellite." Contents: Chapter I: Pre-RoEMER belief in a finite velocity of light; Chapter II: The immediate background of RoEMER's discovery-his work in Paris; Chapter III: ROEMER'S determination of the velocity of light-the reception given his work; Chapter IV: ROEMER'S accomplishments after his return to Denmark in 1681; Bibliography concerning ROEMER.

GUNTHER, R. T.-THE LIFE AND WORK OF ROBERT HOOKE. (Part V). Micrographia, 1665. x +(36) +273 p., 38 pl. (Early Science in Oxford, 13.) Oxford, 1938.


WESTLAND, C. J.-A NON-HISTORICAL ECLIPSE. Nature 146, 718, 1940.

Apropos of an eclipse recorded in the diary of JOHN EVELYN under the date of October 14, 1688.-IB.C.



368 XVIIth (2)

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

SCHIERBEEK, A.-OVER LANDMETEN EN WIJNROEIEN IN LEEUWENHOEKS TIJD. De

natur, nos. 5-9, 8 p., figs., 1940.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

CATCHPOLE, HUBERT R.-REGNIER DE GRAAF, 1641-1673. Bulletin of the History

of Medicine 8, 1261-1300, 8 fig., 1940.

JARCHO, SAUL.-EXPERIMENTS OF DOCTOR JOSEPH ZAMBECCARI concerning the ex- cision of various organs from different living animals. Written by him and dedicated to the most illustrious master FRANCESCO REDI. Florence MDCLXXX (1680), Fran- cesco Onogri, With permission of the authorities. Translated from the Italian, with notes by SAUL JARCHO. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 311-31, 1941.

JARCHO, SAUL.-GIUSEPPE ZAMBECCARI. A seventeenth-century pioneer in experimental physiology and surgery. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 144-76, 2 fig., 1941.

LANKHOUT, J.-R. LOWER'S Tractatus de Corde. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 21, 16-24, 1941.

MAJOR, RALPH H.-JOHANN CONRAD BRUNNER AND HIS EXPERIMENTS ON THE PAN-

CREAS. Annals of Medical History 3, 91-100, 5 fig., 1941.

VAN DER HOEVEN, J.-EEN ONBEKEND PORTRET VAN JACQUES DE BEAULIEU. Bij- dragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 16, 40-41, 1 pl., 1936.

E. ALA

ALCOBENDAS, SEVERIANO (O.F.M.).- LAS MISIONES FRANCISCANAS EN CHINA.

Cartas, informes y relaciones del Padre BUENAVENTURA IBANTEZ (1650-1690). Con

introduccion, notas y apendices, XLVI+334 p. (Biblioteca Hispana missionum, 5). Madrid, MAESTRE, 1933.

Reviewed by PAUL PELLIOT, T'oung Pao 31, 152-57, 1934.

BOXER, C. R.-A TRUE DESCRIPTION OF THE MIGHTY KINGDOMS OF JAPAN AND SIAM

BY FRANCOIS CARON & JOOST SCHOUTEN, reprinted from the English edition of 1663 with introduction, notes and appendixes. 330 p., 13 pl., 7 maps. London, Argonaut Press, 1935.

COURTINES, LEFO PIERRE.-BAYLE'S RELATIONS WITH ENGLAND AND THE ENGLISH.

xi+253 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1938.


CROMMELIN, C. A.-SPINOZA'S NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK DENKEN. 19 p. (Mededee- lingen van wege het Spinozahuis 6; Mededeeling no. 49 uit het Nederlandsch Historisch

Natuurwetenschappelijk Museum te Leiden), Leiden, BRILL, 1939 (-.60 guilders).

FRANCES, MADELEINE.-SPINOZA DANS LES PAYS NEERLANDAIS DE LA SECONDE MOITIk DU XVIIE SIECLE. Premiere partie. vIII+365 p. Paris, ALCAN, 1937.

"Le present volume s'est fixe la tache limitee de relever, dans la vie de SPINOZA, les indices trahissant des relations personnelles avec certains groupes, d'activite politique ou religieuse."



XVIIth (2) 369

JONES, RICHARD F.-SCIENCE AND CRITICISM IN THE NEO-CLASSICAL AGE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Journal of the History of Ideas 1, 381-419, 1940.

LACH, DONALD F.-THE CHINESE STUDIES OF ANDREAS MULLER [1630?-94]. Journal

of the American Oriental Society 60, 564-75, 1940.

McCOLLEY, GRANT.-PARADISE LOST. XI+362 p. Chicago, PACKARD, 1940 ($2.50). This study of the growth, major origins and sources of MILTON'S great epic, Paradise

Lost, is a model of the manner in which a basic contribution to scholarship can at the same time be made readable. Dr. MCCOLLEY'S discussion of MILTON'S use of sources and literary patterns has taken him far afield, and the pattern he has himself woven about MILTON'S noble poem is worthy of its subject. Dr. McCoLLEY's interesting discussion of MILTON'S attitude to the New Astronomy, and his use of JOHN WILKINS' works in that connexion, throws a little known, but much needed light, both upon MILTON and upon certain passages in Paradise Lost. The book makes the most delightful reading, and is without a doubt the best commentary and interpretation of Paradise Lost that we have. It has been in every way most excellently produced and at an unusually reasonable price.-M.F.A.M.

PUFENDORF, SAMUEL.-DE JURE NATURAE ET GENTIUM LIBRI OCTO. Volume 1,

Photographic reproduction of the edition of 1688, with an introduction by WALTER SIMONS. Vol. II, Translation, by C. H. OLDFATHER and W. A. OLDFATHER. 66a +1002 p.; 64a -XIII + 1465 p. (The classics of international law, edited by JAMES BROWN SCOTT for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.) New York, Oxford University Press, 1934.

Reviewed by GEORGE GRAFTON WILSON, American Historical Review 41, 328-29, 1936.

RUDBECK, OLAUS.-ATLANTICA. Andra delen. (Part II). Dedication by author to King Carl [XI]. Introductions addressed to King Carl [XI] and to scholars of Europe. Postscript by editor, AXEL NELSON. 708 p., frontispiece. Uppsala, ALMQUIST & WIKSELL, 1939.

Reviewed by O. LARSELL, Isis 33, 71, 1941.

SCHRECKER, PAUL.-EIN UNVEROFFENTLICHTER LEIBNIZ-BRIEF. Mass und Wert 3, 505-18, facs., 1940.

Letter to abbe CLAUDE NICAISE, dated Hanover, Dec. 27, 1697 (N.S.), dealing with many subjects.-G.S.

SCHRECKER, PAUL.-G. W. LEIBNIZ: Opuscula philosophica selecta, v+143 p. Paris, BOIVIN (1939).

No one is, of course, better qualified than M. PAUL SCHRECKER to prepare such a book as this. The book contains the following works of LEIBNIZ: "Meditationes de cognitione, veritate et ideis" (1684), "Animadversiones in partem generalem Princi- piorum Cartesianorum" (1692), "De primae philosophiae emendatione, et de notione substantiae" (1694), "De rerum originatione radicali" (1697), "De ipsa natura sive de vi insita actionibusque creaturarum" (1698), "Causa Dei, asserta per justitiam ejus" (1710).

The purpose of the collection is to furnish an "instrument de travail" to those who do not have the large editions at hand, and it was designed specifically to meet the needs of the seminar which M. SCHRECKER held at Paris for "candidats a l'agregation." Concerning this work, M. SCHRECKER informs me: "There are a number of misprints or misreadings in GERHARDT, only part of which I have corrected in the translation of the



370 XVIIth (2) to XVIIIth (1)

above work. [A translation into French of these opuscula was made by M. SCHRECKER. This edition was extensively annotated and was in press in Paris when the city was taken over by the Nazis.] In De rerum originatione radicali, second page of my edition, GER- HARDT prints for instance a priore, and unfortunately I have followed him. This term has caused a great many profound interpretations, but in translating the passage I found out that one had simply to read a priori to get a good sense, and an inspection of a photostat of the manuscript showed beyond any possible doubt that LEIBNIZ had indeed written a priori."

M. SCHRECKER has reprinted the Animadversiones in Cartesii Principia, because he "would like to have it studied as one of the most instructive opuscula." The French translation will, in all probability, never see the light of printed day. Since the published version of the Latin text is unobtainable, due to the war, let us hope that the text may be reprinted in America with an English translation so that we in America, at least, may profit by M. SCHRECKER'S profound wisdom and great store of knowledge.- I B.C.

STIMSON, DOROTHY.-HARTLIB, HAAK AND OLDENBURG: INTELLIGENCERS. Isis 31, 309-26, 1940.

UGGLA, ARVID HJ.-EARLY RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ROYAL SOCIETY [OF LONDON]

AND SWEDEN. Lychnos 302-24 (in Swedish), p. 324 (English summary), 1940.

XVIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

NORDENMARK, N. V. E.-WIE DER BRIEFWECHSEL VON JEAN (I) BERNOULLI DURCH

DIE KONIGL. SCHWEDISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN STOCKHOLM ERWORBEN

WURDE. Lychnos, 236-46 (in Swedish), p. 247 (German summary), 1940.


BRASCH, FREDERICK E.-THE NEWTONIAN EPOCH IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES

(1680-1783). Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society (for October 1939). 21 p. Worcester, Mass., 1940.

BRUNET, PIERRE.-L'OEUVRE SCIENTIFIQUE DE CHARLES FRANCOIS DU FAY (1698- 1739). Petrus Nonius 3, 77-95, 1940.

OSEEN, C. W.-AN EPISODE IN THE HISTORY OF SWEDISH CHEMISTRY. Lychnos, 73-84

(in Swedish), p. 85 (English summary), 1940.

"In 1852 J. G. WAHLSTR6M, a well known literary man during the days of neo- romanticism, published an article on the Swedish chemist J. G. WALLERIUS. In this article he asserted amongst other things that WALLERIUS in 1767 in the presence of TORBERN BERGMAN had demonstrated to the king and queen the coagulation of mercury into silver and how gold was dissolved in the 'philosophical liquid' (spiritus philosophi- cus). The author now shows that in these only partly correct statements is hidden a reminder of GEORG BRANDT'S famous discovery of the year 1748, that gold is soluble in

spirit of nitre. The author then follows the fate of this discovery right up to our time."

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

ALLEN, FRANCIS H.-LINNAEUS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN. Science 93, 183, 1941.

BEATTY, RICHMOND CROOM; MULLOY, WILLIAM J.--WILLIAM BYRD'S NAT-



XVIIIth (1) 71

URAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Edited and translated from a German version. xxvIII +95 +109 p. Richmond, Virginia, DIETZ, 1940 ($4.00).

This book was written to attract Swiss settlers to BYRD'S estate at the junction of the Dan and Irvine Rivers in Virginia and published at the behest of a "Helvetian Society." It was translated into German, and perhaps even written, by Dr. SAMUEL JENNER. The book contains a life of BYRD, a translation of the German text, and the original in that language. Its contents have some historical value as an inventory of the more prominent plants and animals of Virginia in the early part of the 18th century, a statement, even if flamboyant, of the agricultural and horticultural possibilities of the land, and an account of its then teeming fish and game. It is written with a glowing appreciation and at times charmingly facetious style.-C.A.K.

DRAKE AV HAGELSRUM, GUSTAF.-LINNES DISPUTATIONER. En oversikt utgiven med anslag fran Langmanska kulturfonden. 294 p. Niissjo, 1939.

Reviewed by OTTO GERTZ, Lychnos, 459-60, 1940 (in Swedish).

FERNALD, M. L.-THE "FLORA VIRGINICA" OF GRONOVIUS. Chronica Botanica 6, 27, 1940.

HAGBERG, KNUT.-CARL LINNAEUS. 324 p., 20 pl. Stockholm, Natur och Kultur, 1939.

Reviewed by NILS VON HOFSTEN, Lychnos, 460-64, 1940.

HRDLICKA, ALES.-LINNAEUS ON MAN'S NATURAL HISTORY. Science 9 2, 605, 1940.

Quoting from a letter from LINNAEUS to GMELIN, dated Upsala, Feb. 14, 1747: "It would not please, if I placed the man among the anthropomorphous; but man knows himself. Let us abandon words, I do not care what words we use; but from thee, and from the whole world I want an answer to this: What is the difference between man and ape, difference which would be based on natural history? Most definitely I see no difference. I wish some one could show me even one distinction! Should I call a man 'ape' or an ape 'man,' all the theologians would be after me. Yet, for the sake of science, I should have done it."

(LINNAEUS).-SVENSKA LINNE-SXLLSKAPETS ARSSKRIFT. Argang XXIII, 121 p., Uppsa- la, 1940.

PANINI, FRANCESCO.-INTORNO AD UN ERBARIO DE GIOVAN BATTISTA CASAPINI ESISTENTE IN MODENA. Archeion 29, 376-79. 1940.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

DRAKE, T. G. H.-THE WET NURSE IN FRANCE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Bultetin of the History of Medicine 8, 934-48, 19 fig., 1940.

MIDDLETON, WILLIAM SHAINLINE.-THOMAS CADWALADER AND HIS ESSAY. An- nals of Medical History 3, 101-13, 4 fig., 1941.

NAPJUS, J. W.-GODEFRIDUS DU Bois [1700-47]. (De hoogleeraren in de geneeskunde aan de Hoogeschool en het Athenaeum te Franeker, 1585-1843; XIX.) Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 184-89, 1940.

PECK, E. SAVILLE.-THREE EARLY MATERIA MEDICA CABINETS IN CAMBRIDGE. Nature 147, 493, 1941.



372 XVIIIth (1) to XVIIIth (2)

E. ALIA

LILJENCRANTZ, AXEL.-CHRISTOPHER POLHEM UND DIE GRtNDUNG DER ERSTEN SCHWEDISCHEN NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN GESELLSCHAFT. Nebst anderen Bemer- kungen iiber das Collegium Curiosorum. Lychnos, p. 21-52 (in Swedish), p. 53-54 (German summary), 1940.

WOLF, ABRAHAM.-A HISTORY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY IN THE

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 814 p. (History of Science Library). New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.

Reviewed by I BERNARD COHEN, Isis 31, 450-51, 1940.

XVIIITH CENTURY (second half) A. MATHEMATICS

ARCHIBALD, RALPH G.-WARING'S PROBLEM: SQUARES. Scripta Mathematica 7, 33-48, 1940.

MARDER, CLARENCE C.-THE MAGIC SQUARES OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. The first of a series of four papers describing the technique of LEONHARD EULER as applied to the Lahireian method of forming magic squares of all sizes under the general title: The intrinsic harmony of number. 36 p. New York, The Brick Row Book Shop. Inc., 1940.

Very little about BENJAMIN FRANKLIN and much about new and intricate ways of

making old and intricate magic squares. A "cook-book," containing many recipes and no general theory of combinatorial analysis. A more detailed account may be found in W. S. ANDREWS: Magic Squares and Cubes (Revised ed.; Chicago, 1917), p. 89-112.

Originally written by PAUL CARUS, these pages were revised by L. S. FRIERSON, FRED- ERICK A. WOODRUFF, HARRY A. SAYLES.-I B.C.

SARTON, GEORGE.-QUERY NO. 95. JOSEPH LOUIS LAGRANGE (1736-1813). Isis 33, 55, 1941.

SERGESCU, P.-MATHEMATICIENS FRANqAIS DU TEMPS DE LA REVOLUTION FRANqAISE.

47 p. (Analele academiei Romane, memoriile sectiunii stiintifice, 16). Bucharest, 1940.

STRUIK, DIRK J.-A STORY CONCERNING EULER AND DIDEROT. Isis 31, 431--3, 1940.


DICKINSON, H. W.-BICENTENARY OF HENRY CORT. Nature 146, 722-23, 1940.

FARRAND, MAX.-SELF-PORTRAITURE: the Autobiography. General Magazine and His- torical Chronicle, 17 p., July 1940.

Apropos of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S Autobiography of which "The Huntington Library is preparing... a variorum edition, in which all the several possible readings will be

placed together on the same page."

ROOSEBOOM, MARIA.-DIE HOLLANDISCHEN OPTIKER JAN UND HARMANUS VAN DEIJL

UND IHRE MIKROSKOPE. Janus 44, 185-97, 1940.

WHITAKER, ARTHUR P.-MORE ABOUT FAUSTO DE ELHUYAR. Revista de historia de

America (Mexico), No. 10, 125-30, December 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

ANDREWS, EVANGELINE; ANDREWS, CHARLES McLEAN (EDITORS).--JOURNAL



XVIIIth (2) 373

OF A LADY OF QUALITY. Third edition. 351 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1939

($4.00). The third, emended and enlarged, edition of the journal of a cultured and vivacious

Scotchwoman, which was first published under the editorship of the present editors in 1921, since when it has been reprinted no less than five times, the present reprinting being the sixth. The "Journal" tells of a journey from Scotland to the West Indies, North Carolina and Portugal in the years 1774 to 1776, of JANET SCHAW, and is fascina- tion itself. It has already proved of value to historians of the period, and is by way of establishing itself as a minor classic. The scholarly appendices contributed by the editors are full of enlightening and useful notes, and there is a good index.-M.F.A.M.

DEFRIES, AMELIA.-SHEEP AND TURNIPS, BEING THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ARTHUR

YOUNG, F. R. S., First Secretary to the Board of Agriculture. With a preface by R. A. BUTLER and an introduction by MONTAGUE FORDHAM. xx +235 p., port. London, METHUEN, 1938.

Reviewed by CHARLES A. KOFOID, Isis 31, 449, 1940.

PLISCHKE, HANS.-JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACHS Einfluss auf die Entdeckungs- reisenden seiner Zeit. vmI +107 p. (Abhandl. der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu

Gottingen, Phil.-Hist. KI., 20). Gottingen, VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT, 1937.

Reviewed by HERMAN RICHTER, Lychnos, 443-44, 1940.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

COSTE, JEAN-FRANCOIS (1741- ).-COSTE'S COMPENDIUM PHARMACEUTICUM. The Badger Pharmacist, nos. 27-30, 60 p. facs. 1940.

Facsimile and translation of the Compendium pharmaceuticum (Newport 1780) with notes by Dr. KREMERS, edited by GEORGE URDANG.-G.S.

FRANK, JOHANN PETER (1745-1821).-THE PEOPLE'S MISERY: mother of diseases. An address, delivered in 1790. Translated from the Latin, with an introduction by HENRY E. SIGERIST. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 81-100, 1 pl., 1941.

HAUBOLD, HELLMUT.-JOHANN PETER FRANK, der Gesundheits- und Rassenpolitiker des 18. Jahrhunderts. 344 p., 12 ill., maps. Munich, LEHMANN, 1939.

Reviewed by O. T. HULT, Lychnos, 476, 1940 (in Swedish).

McDANIEL, W. B., 2D.-"YOUR AGED FRIEND AND FELLOW SERVANT, JOHN REDMAN." Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 9, 35-41. 1941.

RADBILL, SAMUEL X.-FRANCIS ALISON, JR.-a surgeon of the Revolution. Bulletin

of the History of Medicine 9, 243-57, 5 fig., 1941.

E. ALIA

COHEN, I BERNARD.-ANQUETIL-DUPERRON, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, AND EZRA STILES. Isis 33, 17-23, 2 facs., 1941.

DAVIS, RICHARD BEALE.-FRANCIS WALKER GILMER: life and learning in JEFFER- SON'S Virginia. xv +498 p. Richmond, DIETZ, 1939.

Reviewed by GILBERT CHINARD, American Historical Review 46, 426-27, 1941.

HERDER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED.-GoD: SOME CONVERSATIONS. XIV +247 p. New

York, OSKAR PIEST, 1940 ($2.50). HERDER'S Gott, although a classic and many times reprinted in Germany, now makes



374 XVIIIth (2) to XIXth (1)

its appearance in an English translation for the first time, in an edition edited, introduced and translated by Dr. FREDERICK H. BURKHARDT. Dr. BURCKHARDT'S critical introduction serves to place HERDER'S Gott in a clear historical perspective, and having thus oriented his reader, the editor proceeds to show how it was through this book that HERDER succeeded in freeing the work of SPINOZA from the universal misinterpretation by which it was represented, and in stating something of the true philosophy of SPINOZA and of his significance. The work in which this was, single-handed, performed is in itself a masterpiece; it exerted a great effect upon contemporary thought and was a foundation stone of the Weimar school. The translation is excellent, the variorum readings and the notes are complete and suggestive. There is a good bibliography and an index.- M.F.A.M.

McEACHRAN, F.-THE LIFE AND PHILOSOPHY OF JOHANN GOTTFRIED HERDER. VI +98 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1939 ($2.75).

Mr. MCEACHRAN'S little book originated as a thesis for the degree of Bachelor of Letters of the University of Oxford. It is a kind of enlarged biographical dictionary article, and will serve to introduce the reader seeking some ready information to HERDER and his work, but it will do no more than that. Mr. MCEACHRAN is not always accurate in his analyses of HERDER'S writings, and one acquainted with HERDER'S Ideen would scarcely recognize that work from Mr. MCEACHRAN'S account of it. A satisfactory study of the life and work of HERDER has yet to make its appearance in English, and until such a work appears, H. W. NEVINSON'S A sketch of Herder and his times (London, 1884), and Mr. McEACHRAN'S book will, it is to be hoped, continue to help English and American readers towards the discovery of HERDER for themselves.-M.F.A.M.

THOMPKINS, DANIEL D.-A COLUMBIA COLLEGE STUDENT IN THE EIGHTEENTH

CENTURY. XVIII +68 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($1.00). This small collection of essays, composed by DANIEL D. TOMPKINS (1774-1825) while

he was a student at Columbia College, makes very attractive reading. Their author subsequently realized the high sentiments which he expressed in his youthful essays by becoming a Judge of the New York Supreme Court and, among other things, Vice President of the United States. There is an introduction by the editors, RAY W. IRWIN and EDNA L. JACOBSEN. There is an index, a portrait, and a facsimile of the handwriting of TOMPKINS.-M.F.A.M.

XIXTH CENTURY (whole and first half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

(BRUNTON, JOHN).-JOHN BRUNTON'S BOOK: being the memories of JOHN BRUNTON, engineer, from a manuscript in his own hand written for his grandchildren and now first printed. With an introduction by J. H. CLAPHAM. VIII +163 p. Cambridge, Univer- sity Press, 1939.

Reviewed by J. B. BREBNER, American Historical Review 46, 466-67, 1941.

HOLMBERG, ARNE.-SOME NEWLY DISCOVERED LETTERS FROM BERZELIUS. Lychnos, 266-72 (in Swedish), p. 273 (English summary), 1940.

HOTCHKISS, WILLIAM OTIS. EARLY DAYS OF THE ERIE CANAL. Adventures in states-

manship and canal transport. 30 p. Newcomen Society, American Branch, 1940.

LAUER, CONRAD NEWTON.-WILLIAM PENN'S PHILADELPHIA IN 1840. 8 p. New- comen Society, American Branch, 1940.



XIXth (1) 375

(OHM, GEORG SIMON).-GEORG SIMON OHM ALS LEHRER UND FORSCHER IN K6LN

1817 BIS 1826. Festschrift zur 150. Wiederkehr seines Geburtstages. 328 p. (Hrsg. vom Kolnischen Geschichtsverein in Verbindung mit der Universitat und dem Staatlichen Dreikonigs-Gymnasium in Kdln.). Koln, BACHEM.

Reviewed by C. W. OSEEN, Lychnos, 447-49, 1940.

WOLCOTT, ROBERT W.-A WOMAN IN STEEL-REBECCA LUKENS (1794-1854), 20 p. Newcomen Society, American Branch, 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

GOSSE, PHILIP.-THE SQUIRE OF WALTON HALL. The life of CHARLES WATERTON.

x+324 p., 8 pls. London, CASSELL, 1940. (15 s.).

Biography of the naturalist, CHARLES WATERTON (1782-1865), whose Wanderings in South America (1825) is one of the classics of scientific travel in the English language. He belonged to an ancient Catholic family which had suffered persecution because of its faith, was very rich and eccentric. He may be considered the patron saint of the societies for bird protection. He travelled in the United States, where he was in touch with GEORGE ORD, C. W. PEALE, et al. and where he much admired the abundance of "highly polished females."-G.S.

(RAFINESQUE).-CONSTANTINE SAMUEL RAFINESQUE, 1783-1840. Annals of Medical

History 3, 165-66, 1941.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

BECHET, PAUL E.-JEAN NICHOLAS CORVISART, PHYSICIAN TO THE EMPEROR NA- POLEON. Annals of Medical History 2, 461-70, 3 fig., 1940.

BELL, WHITFIELD, J., JR.-DR. JAMES SMITH AND THE PUBLIC ENCOURAGEMENT FOR VACCINATION FOR SMALLPOX. Annals of Medical History 2, 500-17, 2 fig., 1940.

BROWN, JOHN N. E.-SYME AND HIS SON-IN-LAW. Annals of Medical History 3, 18-35, 2

fig., 1941.

CHANCE, BURTON.-"RIcHARD BRIGHT, TRAVELLER AND ARTIST -with illustrations. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 909-33, 18 fig., 1940.

ECKMAN, JAMES.-ANGLO-AMERICAN HOSTILITY IN AMERICAN MEDICAL LITERATURE

OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 31-71, 3 fig., 1941.

FRIEDMAN, REUBEN.-THE EMPEROR'S ITCH. The legend concerning NAPOLEON'S affliction with scabies. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 949-55, 1940.

JONES, HAROLD WELLINGTON.-SOME UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1389-96, 1940.

JORDAN, PHILIP D.-A NAVAL SURGEON IN PARIS, 1835-1836. Annals of Medical History 2, 526-36, 1940; 3, 78-81, 148-64, 1941.

Apropos of LEWIS A. WOLFLEY (1807-44).

LONG, ESMOND R.-WEAK LUNGS ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1040-54, 1940.



376 XIXth (1)

NAEGELE, FRANZ CARL.-THE OBLIQUELY CONTRACTED PELVIS. x+70 p., 15 pl. New

York, MCKENNA, 1939 ($5.00).

The centennial edition of a classic work first published at Mainz in 1839. The translation from the German has been made by Drs. ALFRED M. HELLMAN and GEORGE MUSA, and is both faithful and very readable. To the main work on The obliquely contracted pelvis there has been added an appendix on The most important defects of the female pelvis, also by NAEGELE. FRANZ CARL NAEGELE (1778-1851) has been called the EUCLID of obstetrics because of his insistence upon an accurate knowledge of the mechanism of parturition. His Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe fur Hebammen, first published in 1830, was enormously popular and enjoyed a very long and useful life. I mention these facts here because the translators in their brief preface fail to do so, and it could have been wished that they had given us, by way of introduction, a somewhat fuller biographical introduction than they have seen fit to do. We must, however, be extremely grateful to them for making this translation available, and we doubly thank them for the beautiful format which they have secured (through the Pynson Printers) for the centennial edition of this classic work. A work, by the way, which is by no means limited in its interest to the clinical aspects of the subject, for it also serves to throw a not inconsiderable light upon the social conditions of Middle Germany during the first quarter of the nineteenth century.

In the present edition, the original plates are very faithfully reproduced in lithograph, and since only three hundred and sixty copies of this edition have been printed, it is very likely that it will soon become a collector's edition, for it is a volume which would grace not only the medical historian's shelves but also those of the book fancier.- M.F.A.M.

ROMANO, JOHN; MERRITT, H. HOUSTON.-THE SINGULAR AFFECTION OF GASPARD VIEUSSEUX. An early description of the lateral medullary syndrome. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 72-79, 2 fig., 1941.

ROSEN, GEORGE.-THE MINER'S ELBOW. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1249-51, 1940.

SIGERIST, HENRY E.-ALEXANDRE RICORD'S DISSERTATION OF 1824. Bulletin of the

History of Medicine 9, 468-74. 1941.

SOIFER, MAX E.-HISTORICAL NOTES ON HORACE WELLS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 101-112, 3 figs., 1 facs. 1941.

STEINER, WALTER R.-DR. PIERRE-CHARLES-ALEXANDER LOUIS, a distinguished Parisian teacher of American medical students. Annals of Medical History 2, 451-58, 11 fig., 1940.

STICKER, GEORG.-WUNDERLICH, ROSER, GRIESINGER, "die drei Schwabischen Re- formatoren der Medizin." Archiv fur Gesch. der Med. 32, 217-74, 1939; 33, 1-54, 1940.

VIETS, HENRY R.; GARRISON, F. H. (t).-PURKINJE'S ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PEAR-SHAPED CELLS IN THE CEREBELLUM. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1397-

98, 1 facs., 1940.

E. ALIA

CLARKE, JAMES F.-THE FIRST BULGARIAN BOOK. Harvard Library Notes 3, 295-302, 1 facs., 1940.

Apropos of the Kiriakodromion (1806).



XIXth (1) to XIXth (2) 377

LAUTERBORN, ROBERT.-DER RHEIN. Naturgeschichte eines deutschen Stromes. Erster Band: Die erd- und naturkundliche Erforschung des Rheins und der Rheinlande vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart. Zweite Halfte: Die Zeit von 1800-1930, Abteilung I. 324 p. Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i.Br. 33, 1934.

History of the physical study of the Rhine Valley. This is a very interesting form of the history of science, not simply regional history, but regional history restricted to the physical investigation concerning the country itself. The "Rhine Valley" is to include all the glacial studies made in Switzerland. No index.-G.S.

XIXTH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

ADAMS, C. W.-ANSWER TO QUERY NO. 80. When was logarithmic paper first used?

(Isis 30, 95-96, 1939). Isis 31, 429-30, 1940.

CASTELNUOVO, GUIDO.-MEMORIE SCELTE. X+588 p. Bologna, ZANICHELLI, 1937.

Reviewed in Nature 142, 1016, 1938.

HEATH, SIR THOMAS LITTLE (1861-1940).-OBITUARY NOTICE BY D'ARCY W. THOMPSON. Obituary Notices of the Royal Society, p. 409-26, port., 1940; and by R. C. ARCHIBALD, Mathematical Gazette 24, 234-37, 1940.


CARDINNE-PETIT, R.-SOUVENIRS SUR BRANLY. La revue belge 2, 202-08, 1940.

GETMAN, FREDERICK H.--THE LIFE OF IRAREMSEN. IV+172 p. Easton, Penna., Journal of Chemical Education, 1940.

REMSEN (1846-1927) brought graduate instruction in organic chemistry at Johns Hopkins to the same high level as graduate instruction in this subject at the German universities. He taught the teachers of the generation which followed, and probably did more, directly and by implication, than any other single individual to pave the way toward the present preeminence of American science and industry in this field. He founded the American Chemical Journal, wrote famous textbooks, discovered saccha- rine, and served for a time as President of Johns Hopkins University.

The present biography, written by one of his students, consists of chapters entitled 1. "Youth and education," 2. "Teacher and scientist," 3. "University President and public servant," 4. "Private life," 5. "Public addresses," 6. "A chemist again," and 7. "Closing years," and an appendix which contains a list of investigations carried out by IRA REMSEN or under his direction (156 items), a list of books by IRA REMSEN (8 items in many editions and translations), and a list of his more important addresses (12 items.)-T.L.D.

JEHL, FRANCIS.-MENLO PARK REMINISCENCES. Written in EDISON'S restored MENLO

Park Laboratory. 430 p., figs. Dearborn, Mich., Edison Institute, 1936.

SARTON, GEORGE.-SECOND PREFACE TO VOLUME XXXI. FARADAY TO TYNDALL. Isis

31, 303-04, 1940.

SCHUEPP, H.-LEs EQUATIONS DE MAXWELL ET LEUR ETABLISSEMENT. Annales Gugb- hard-S6verine 14-15, p. 193-232, 1938-39.



378 XIXth (2) to XXth

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

CUSHING, HARVEY.-THE LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER. XVII +1417 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1940 ($5.00).

The first issue, at a low price, in one volume, of CUSHING'S life of OSLER (Ed. princ. 1925; Isis 8, 358-61). The text is completely unabridged, but all but eleven of the forty- seven original illustrations have had to be omitted. This omission is rather a pity, but we must be grateful for what we can get. The book is sturdily bound, well printed, and constitutes a very considerable tome for five dollars. Dr. J. F. FULTON and "W.W.F." contribute a brief but full foreword which most happily sets the reader off on the right foot, for OSLER'S life was not written because CUSHING considered him a man of supreme intellectual achievement, but because of his supreme humanity, and because, as the writers of the foreword say, "he discovered a way of life which, if followed, leads to positive accomplishment even by those (as OSLER half-seriously said of himself) with slender intellectual equipment."-M.F.A.M.

JACOBS, MAURICE S.-PAUL EHRLICH AND HIS RELATION TO MODERN CHEMOTHERAPY. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 956-64, 1940.

KAGAN, SOLOMON R.-SIR MORELL MACKENZIE (1837-1892). Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 217-20, 1941.

OVERHOLSER, WINFRED.-DOROTHEA LYNDE Dix: a note. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 9, 210-16, 5 fig., 1941.

SCHLUETER, ROBERT E.-THE STORY OF ST. BONIFACE HOSPITAL AT ST. Louis. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 475-80, 1941.

SOLIS-COHEN, MYER.-THE OLD PHILADELPHIA LARYNGOLOGICAL SOCIETY of the

eighteen eighties. Annals of Medical History 3, 114-27, 2 fig., 1941.

E. ALIA

PEIRCE, CHARLES SANDERS ( 1914).-THE PHILOSOPHY OF PEIRCE. Selected

writings. xvI +386 p. (Int. Libr. of Psychol., Philos., and Sci. Method) New York, HAR- COURT BRACE, 1940 ($3.50).

The Collected Papers of C. S. Peirce, edited by CHARLES HARTSHORNE and PAUL WEISS (6 vols., Harvard Press, 1931-35) were very elaborately reviewed in Isis, vol. I

by H. T. DAVIS (in vol. 19), vol. II to IV by W. V. QUINE (vols. 19 and 22), vol. V by CHARLES MALIK (vol. 23) and vol. VI by L. S. FEUER (vol. 26). It will thus suffice to indicate the availability of this single volume which will be very welcome to readers having no time or money for the large Harvard collection. An index makes it easy to find PEIRCE'S original views on a large number of subjects. The editor, JUSTUS BUCHLER, is the author of a study on PEIRCE'S empiricism published in the same series (1939), a review of which was prepared for Isis by ALBERT WOHLSTETTER. Alas! that review is one of the many in print in Belgium and sharing temporarily the Belgian servitude.- G.S.

XXTH CENTURY

A. MATHEMATICS

BOREL, EMILE.-SELECTA. Jubile scientifique de M. EMILE BOREL. 418 p.; 1 port. Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1940.

Contient une bibliographie comportant 259 nos.



XXth 379

KARAPETOFF, VALDIMIR.-THE MATHEMATICAL THREAD IN MY LIFE. Scripta Mathematica 7, 63-67, 1940.

(LOSADA Y PUGA, CRISTOBAL DE).--NOTICE SUR SES TRAVAUX SCIENTIFIQUES. 58

p. Paris, DUNOD, 1940.

PEARSON, E. S.-KARL PEARSON: an appreciation of some aspects of his life and work.

vIII+170 p., 9 pl. Cambridge, University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by E. C. RHODES, Sciences Progress 34, 150-54, 1939 and by G. UDNY YULE, Nature 143, 220-22, 1939.


CANNON, ANNIE JUMP (1863-1941) -OBITUARY NOTICE BY CECILIA PAYNE GA- POSCHKIN. Science 93, 443-44, 1941.

CLUVERIUS, W. T.-RALPH EARLE-naval officer and college president. 19 p. New- comen Society, American Branch, 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

GREGOIRE, VICTOR (1870-1938).-Obituaries by P. MARTENS. La Cellule, vol. 48, port., 1939; and in Bull. Soc. Roy. Botan. Belg. vol. 72, 1939.

PONCINS, GONTRAN DE.-KABLOONA. XII+359 p. New York, REYNAL & HITCHCOCK, 1941 ($3.00).

A sympathetic and romantic middle-aged Frenchman's very attractively written account of his experiences among the Eskimos of King William Land. The writer is really extremely naive, and he does not always get his facts straight, but he is sincere, and always interesting, and his illustrations are very good.-M.F.A.M.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L.-LA TEORIA DI WEGENER SULLA DERIVA DEI CONTINENTI.

Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana 51, 248-52, 1932.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

BAUMGARTNER, LEONA.-HARVEY CUSHING AS BOOK COLLECTOR AND LITTERATEUR. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1055-66, 1 pl. 1940.

BOUCKAERT, J. J.-L'OEUVRE SCIENTIFIQUE DU PROFESSEUR C. HEYMANS, PRIX NOBEL. Rev. des question scientifiques 7, 157-70, 1940.

DUBLIN, LOUIS I.; LOTKA, ALFRED J.; WITH THE COLLABORATION OF THE STAFF OF THE STATISTICAL BUREAU.-TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF HEALTH PROGRESS. A study of the mortality experience among the industrial policyholders of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1911 to 1935. xn +611 p. New York, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., 1937.


GAY, FREDERICK P.-THE OPEN MIND: ELMER ERNEST SOUTHARD, 1876-1920. xxIII +324 p. Chicago, Normandie House, 1938.

Reviewed by HENRY R. VIETS, Isis 31, 451-53, 1940.

(JACOBS, HENRY BARTON, 1858-1939).-OBITUARY BY HENRY R. VIETS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1073-78, 1 pl., 1940.



380 XXth

LAMBERT, S. M.-A YANKEE DOCTOR IN PARADISE. X +393 p., frontispiece. Boston, LITTLE, BROWN, 1941 ($3).

This biography completes VICTOR HEISER'S An American Doctor's Odyssey (New York 1936), explaining the splendid work done by the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation, but is restricted to LAMBERT'S own domain, the South Pacific Islands. It is a thrilling story, very well told. The most impressive part to me is the account of the use of carbon tetrachloride (1921) and, later, of tetrachlorethylene in the removal of hookworm. That is one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time, and we owe it to MAURICE C. HALL (1881-1938) about whom see Isis 33, 143.-G.S.

MIDDLETON, WILLIAM S.-DOCTOR WILLIAM SNOW MILLER AND HIS SEMINAR. Bul- letin of the IIistory of Medicine 8, 1067-72, 1 pi., 2 fig., 1940.

MILLER, EMANUEL (ED.).--TIHE NEUROSES IN WAR. XII +250 p. New York, MACMIL-

LAN, 1940 ($2.50).

A valuable work, by eleven expert contributors, dealing with the history, nature and clinical medicine of the psychoneuroses which appear during the time of war.- M.F.A.M.

NADEAU, GABRIEL.-A T.B.'s PROGRESS. THE STORY OF NORMAN BETHUNE [1899- 1939]. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1135-71, port., 1940.

PUTTI, VITTORIO (1880-1940).--OBITUARY BY HENRY R. VIETS. New England Journal

of Medicine, 955-56, 1940.

ROGERS, CHARLES H.-EDWARD KREMERS, SCHOLAR, EDUCATOR, TEACHER, FRIEND. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 4, 539-46, 1940.

WILSON, MAY G.-RHEUMATIC FEVER. XVI+595 p. New York, Commonwealth Fund, 1940 ($4.50).

This exemplary work is the result of twenty years of study of one of the most serious diseases of mankind, rheumatic fever, and in this volume Dr. WILSON has produced the most illuminating and authoritative study of the epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease during the first three decades of life. The work contains a valuable historical summary of the history of the disease, and the work is very richly supplied with illustrative, graphic, and tabular materials, and as complete bibliographies relating to the various aspects of the disease of rheumatic fever as are anywhere to be found. This is a model treatise.-M.F.A.M.

E. ALIA

ACEBAL, IGNACIO.-LA OBRA CIENTIFICA DEL P. AUGUSTIN BARREIRO [1865-1937]. Preface by JULIO REY PASTOR. Archeion 22, 171-79, 1940.

BAITSELL, GEORGE A.-SCIENCE IN PROGRESS. (Second series.) xII+317 p. New

Haven, Yale University Press, 1940 ($4.00). Based upon the National Sigma Xi Lectures delivered at various places by ten leading

scientists, this is the second series of lectures to be published in volume form by the Yale University Press. The results of the latest researches in ten different fields are simply and soundly explained by the researchers themselves, with the aid of many illustrations, graphs, tables and diagrams. It is an excellent idea, and it is devoutly to be hoped that we may hereafter look forward to one such volume, at least, annually. The contributors and the subjects which they discuss are as follows: L. J. STADLER, "The



XXth 381

experimental alteration of heredity." F. W. WENT, "The regulation of plant growth." J. F. FULTON, "Experimental studies on the functions of the frontal lobes in monkeys, chimpanzees, and man." DOUGLAS JOHNSON, "Mysterious craters of the Carolina coast. A study in methods of research." ALFRED C. LANE, "How the earth shows its age." H. P. ROBERTSON, "The expanding universe." CARL D. ANDERSON, "Cosmic rays and new elementary particles of matter." DUNCAN A. MACINNES, "The motions of ions and proteins in electric fields." J. W. BEAMS, "The ultracentrifuge." J. C. HUNSACKER, "Recent advances in aeronautics." There is a list of references and an index.-M.F.A.M.

(CZECHOSLOVAK NATIONAL COMMITTEE).-GERMAN CULTURAL OPPRESSION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 28 p. London, ALLEN & UNWIN, 1940.

DOWNIE, R. ANGUS.-JAMEs GEORGE FRAZER. IX+141 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($1.50).

This is a very sympathetic, although sometimes too adulatory, account of work of a great scholar, Sir J. G. FRAZER. Those who know the works of FRAZER will not need to read the present volume. Those who do not know his original works would do well to read Mr. DOWNIE'S book as an introduction to FRAZER.-M.F.A.M.

FARRAND, MAX.-FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER. A memoir. Proceedings of the Massa- chusetts Historial Society 65, 11 p., 1 port.

GRAVES, ROBERT; HODGE, ALAN.-THE LONG WEEK END. x+455 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($3.00).

The sub-title of this very readable book is "A social history of Great Britain 1918- 1939." In this social history the authors have principally attempted to record the things and events of a forgettable nature, such as the period when skirts got up to knee-level, how the British Government tricked the populace into electing them by means of a forged letter, HORATIO BOTTOMLEY'S exposure, The 'Oxford' Group movement, and so on right up to September 1939. Except for Mr. GRAVES' irritating literary judgments, the book is most entertaining and informative reading, and where I have been able to check from my own experience, wholly reliable.-M.F.A.M.

KOESTLER, ARTHUR.-DARKNESS AT NOON. 267 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941

($2.50).

A brilliant and cultivated imagination is brought to bear upon certain human events of our time, which have puzzled many clear thinkers, and the result is as perfect a clari- fication as we may ever hope to obtain short of the facts themselves. The reference is to the famous Moscow trials and the "liquidations" which followel them. I believe that Mr. KOESTLER has come as near analyzing and explaining those bizarre trials, confes- sions and executions as is humanly possible. Many of those who were executed were personally known to Mr. KOESTLER, and his book is dedicated to their memory. Al- though the book is described as a novel it may also be treated as a scientific theory, and it is because of its importance to those who think in terms of all-or-none reason that attention is drawn to the book here. To live by reason alone means to die by it, and to cause the death of all that one would see live. It is to be false to one's trust as a human being. True humanity demands a thought tempered by an emotion followed by an act; any one, or two, without the third is not enough. Means do influence ends, and frequently determine them. Humane ideals can never be realized by inhumane means. Reason alone leads to human and social confusion, and Darkness at noon is one of the most illuminating books that have ever been written which serves to show this.-M.F.A.M.



382 XXth

NEILSON, WILLIAM ALLAN (ED.).-WE ESCAPED. IX +-258 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941. ($9.00).

This book is made up of the personal narratives of twelve men who escaped from under the heel of the Hitlerian hordes to America. The authors are "The reserve officer from Holland," "The professor from Heidelberg," "The artist from Prague," "The farmer from South Germany," "The engineer from Poland," "The German lawyer and his wife," "The accountant from Vienna," "The Catholic writer," "The young Norwegian," "The cattle breeder from Friesland," "The editor from Berlin," and "The mayor of Ferrol." Among the books which should be read by everyone of our time I would put this book first, for it is an experience from which few who read it will feel that they can recover in any other way than by going out and acting in a way which will contribute to the liquidation of all that HITLER and Hitlerism stand for.-M.F.A.M.

NORLIN, GEORGE.-THINGS IN THE SADDLE. IX +234 p. Cambridge, Harvard Univer-

sity Press, 1940 ($2.50). This book represents a selection of Dr. NORLIN'S addresses and essays delivered and

written during the last twenty-five years. These various essays are dominated by the single mood of the humanist, and the volume which they form constitutes one of the most attractive collections of humane essays I have read for a long time. The opening essay, American Democracy: An interpretation for schools, is certainly among the finest and most beautiful that have ever been written on that subject. It ought to be in the hands of every American citizen. I know of nothing on American democracy, as sound, as practically inspiring, and as meaningful as this essay, and, if it were only for this reason alone, this delightful volume deserves to be widely read, and to occupy an hon- ored place in the library of every humanist and of every American.

Dr. NORLIN has a lively wit and an informed mind, and he makes entertaining as well as inspiring reading, for he writes as a humanist should, and admirably. As a professor of classics and then president at the University of Colorado, Dr. NORLIN brings a rich and varied experience to bear upon the problems of culture, education, athletics, the teacher, pedagogy, politics, life, Hitlerism, the classics and a fighting faith, all of which, and more, he discusses in the present volume. There is an excellent essay on JOHN BRIGHT, and another on VIRGIL, and the volume concludes with a valuable consideration of "Old man eloquent," that is, ISOCRATES, an essay which forms the introduction to Dr. NORLIN'S valuable edition and translation of ISOCRATES in the Loeb Classical Li- brary (vol. 1, 1928, vol. 2, 1929). A portrait of Dr. NORLIN serves as frontispiece. We must all be grateful to Dr. NORLIN'S colleagues for bringing about the publication of this charming volume, which the Harvard University Press has published in a very attractive volume.-M.F.A.M.

VAN KLEFFENS, EELCO NICOLAAS.- JUGGERNAUT OVER HOLLAND. VII +195 p New York, Columbia University Press, 1941 ($2.00).

The Dutch Foreign Minister's personal story of the invasion of the Netherlands. It is a very remarkable work and deserves to be widely read-and acted upon.-M.F.A.M.

WOOLF, VIRGINIA.-ROGER FRY. 307 p. New York, HARCOURT BRACE, 1940 ($3.50).

The beautifully written biography of ROGER FRY (1866-1934) who, immediately after getting a "First" in science at Cambridge, gave up the promise of a brilliant scientific career to become a painter and a critic of art. FRY'S influence upon English taste has been, and will continue to be, considerable, and, since it was always for the good in the very best of possible senses, he will be remembered with gratitude when RUSKIN will be read only for his prose. FRY is a brilliant example of the combination of a humane man and a scientifically trained mind brought to bear upon the analysis and



2. Egypt 383

evaluation of problems which are scarcely ever visited by such a pattern of qualities. The result may be savoured in his books, and since I have always had a fondness for his painting, I would say, in his painting, too.-M.F.A.M.

PART II

HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION

I. ANTIQUITY

1. ANTIQUITY (generalities)

FOKKER, A. D.-MAGNETISME IN DE OUDHEID. Archives du Musee Teyler, 9, 47-50, 1939.

NEUGEBAUER, OTTO.-ExAcT SCIENCE IN ANTIQUITY. Nature 146, 625, 1940.

Substance of a paper read at the Bicentennial Conference of the University of Penn- sylvania on September 17, 1940.

NEUGEBAUER, OTTO.-SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN ANCIENT ASTRONOMY. Stud- ies in the History of Science, p. 13-29, 4 fig., Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

PEASE, ARTHUR STANLEY.-SOME REMARKS ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN ANTIQUITY. Isis 31, 380-93, 1940.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L.-ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES IN ANCIENT TIMES. Economic Geology 25, 65-86, 1930; 28, 20-40, 1933.

2. EGYPT

BAUD, MARCELLE.-LES DESSINS EBAUCHES DE LA NECROPOLE THEBAINE (au temps du nouvel empire). VIII+264 p., 33 pl., folio (Memoires de l'Institut francais d'archeologie orientale du Caire, 63). Le Caire, Imprimerie de l'Institut francais d'archeologie orientale, 1935.

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis 33, 71-73, illus., 1941.

CHATLEY, HERBERT.-THE LUNAR MANSIONS IN EGYPT. Isis 31, 394-97, 1940.

CHURCH, FRANKLIN H.-SOME MEDICAL OSTRACA. Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, 3 p., August 1938.

EDGERTON, WILLIAM F.-EGYPTIAN PHONETIC WRITING, from its invention to the close of the nineteenth dynasty. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 473-506, 1940.

"It is my considered opinion that no Egyptian scribe of the Nineteenth Dynasty or earlier ever consciously attempted to represent a vowel sound in hieroglyphic or hieratic writing by any device whatever."

HOHLWEIN, N.-DEPLACEMENTS ET TOURISME DANS L'EGYPTE ROMAINE. Chronique d'Egypte 15, 253-78, 1940.

HOHLWEIN, N.-PALMIERS ET PALMERAIES DANS L'EGYPTE ROMAINE. Etudes de Papy- rologie 5, 1-74, 1939.

Reviewed by CLAIRE PRaAUX, Chronique d'Tgypte 15, 303-04, 1940.



384 4. Greece

KEIMER, L.-LA BOUTARGUE DANS L'EGYPTE ANCIENNE. Bulletin de l'Institut d'Egypte 21, session 1938-39, p. 215-43.

Reviewed by J. CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte 15, 238, 1940. Apropos of a kind of caviar already appreciated by the ancient Egyptians.-G.S.

LAMM, CARL JOHAN; CHARLESTON, R. J.-SOME EARLY EGYPTIAN DRAW-LOOM WEAVINGS. Bulletin de la Societe d'archeologie copte 5, 193-99, 7 pi., 1939.

Reviewed by M. C., Chronique d'Egypte 15, 238, 1940.

PORTER, BERTHA; MOSS, ROSALIND L. B.-TOPOGRAPHICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHIC TEXTS, RELIEFS, AND PAINTINGS, VI. Upper Egypt: chief temples (excluding Thebes), Abydos, Dendera, Esna, Edfu, Kom Ombo, and Philae. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1939.

Reviewed by JEAN CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte 15, 220, 1940.

RANKE, HERMANN.-MEDICINE AND SURGERY IN ANCIENT EGYPT. Studies in the

History of Science, p. 31-42, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

WEISS, F. E.-NOTES ON THE "BOTANICAL CHAMBER" IN THE FESTAL TEMPLE OF THUT-

MOSIS III OF KARNAK. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 66, 51-54, 1941.

Reviewed in Nature 147, 412, 1941.

3. BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

DANTHINE, HELENE.-LE PALMIER-DATTIER ET LES ARBRES SACRES 277 p., 206 pl. (Bibliotheque archeologique et historique, 25.) Paris, 1937.

Elaborate review by CONWAY ZIRKLE, Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 422-24, 1940.

GANDZ, SOLOMON.-STUDIES IN BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS, II. Conflicting interpretations of Babylonian mathematics. Isis 31, 405-25, 3 fig., 1940.

Comparison of the interpretations of F. THUREAU-DANGIN and 0. NEUGEBAUER.

LEIX, ALFRED.-MEDICINE AND THE INTELLECTUAL LIFE OF BABYLONIA; The medical

knowledge of Babylonia; Assyro-Babylonian medical magic. Ciba Symposia 2, 663-74, 675-81, 682-87, 1940.

SARTON, GEORGE.-REMARKS ON THE STUDY OF BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS. Isis 31, 398-404, 1940.

SPEISER, E. A.-ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA AND THE BEGINNINGS OF SCIENCE. Studies in the

History of Science, p. 1-11, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

SPEISER, E. A.-ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA AND THE BEGINNINGS OF SCIENCE. Nature

146, 705-08, 1940.

Substance of a paper read at the Bicentennial Conference, University of Pennsylvania, on September 16, 1940.

4. GREECE

NOCK, ARTHUR DARBY.-ORPHISM OR POPULAR PHILOSOPHY? Harvard Theological Review 33, 301-15, 1940.

PERSSON, AXEL W.-IATROS UND MEDICUS. Zur Geschichte des Arztes wahrend der

Antike. Lychnos, 166-98 (in Swedish), 7 fig., p. 199 (German summary,) 1940.



6. Middle Ages 385

SAGUI, CORNELIO L.-THE ANCIENT MINING WORKS OF CASSANDRA, GREECE. Eco- nomic Geology 23, 671-80, 1928.

SOUTAR, GEORGE.-NATURE IN GREEK POETRY. Studies partly comparative. xx+258

p. London, Oxford Univ. Press, 1939..

Reviewed by C. A. KOFOID, Isis 33, 73-74, 1941.

5. ROME

DUELL, PRENTICE; GETTENS, RUTHERFORD J.-A METHOD OF PAINTING IN

CLASSICAL TIMES. Technical Studies 9, 75-104, 11 fig., 1940.

"Our knowledge of the methods of classical wall painting is meager, and this is probably the first scientific investigation of the paintings in an Etruscan tomb. But from the analyses we now have a fairly definite idea of the materials and construction in one method of painting that was employed in the fifth century B.C. The importance is twofold, for these paintings are not only representative of the best Etruscan painting, but also are so closely related to Greek art that it may be assumed that at least some of the lost mural paintings of Greece were executed in a similar manner and with the same palette of colors."

WARMINGTON, E. H.-REMAINS OF OLD LATIN. Volume IV. Archaic inscriptions. XLIII+487 p. (The Loeb Classical Library.) Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1940 ($2.50).

This is the final volume of Remains of Old Latin edited and translated by Professor E. H. WARMINGTON for the Loeb Classical Library. The present volume contains a valuable introduction by Professor WARMINGTON, and an analysis of epitaphs, dedicatory, honorary, public, and other inscriptions, together with inscriptions on all kinds of move- able articles-mostly for private use. There is a most valuable section on numismatics, and a section devoted to inscriptions forming "documents" written on durable material for public or private information. This is followed by a list of inscriptions, and a valuable index. The four volumes are extremely rich in materials not elsewhere to be found, and contain a vast amount of information which throws a considerable light upon almost every aspect of Roman culture.-M.F.A.M.

II. MIDDLE AGES

6. MIDDLE AGES (generalities)

BOYCE, GRAY C.-MEDIEVAL INTELLECTUAL HISTORY: ECCLESIASTICAL OR SECULAR? 10 p. reprint from The Cultural Approach to History, edited by CAROLINE F. WARE. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940.

CARMODY, FRANCIS J. (ED.).-PHYSIOLOGUS LATINUS VERSIO Y. University of Cali-

fornia Publications in Classical Philology 12, 95-134, 1941.

COLOMBO, A.-LE REGOLE SANITARIE DELLA SCUOLA MEDICA SALERNITANA. Testo

originale con versione e commento. 186 p. Varese, Istit. Cisalpino, 1939.

Reviewed by L. CASTALDI, Rivista di storia delle scienze 30, 110, 1939.

DOESSCHATE, G. TEN.-DE DERDE COMMENTAAR VAN LORENZO GHIBERTI IN VERBAND MET DE MIDDELEEUWSCHE OPTIEK. Academisch proefschrift. Utrecht, HOONTE, 1940.

Reviewed by K. T. A. HALBERTSMA, Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 21, 8, 1941.



386 6. Middle Ages

GRABMANN, MARTIN.-METHODEN UND HILFSMITTEL DES ARISTOTELSSTUDIUMS IM MITTELALTER. Sitzungsberichte der Bayer. Akad. d. Wissenschaften. (Philos.-hist. Abtg., 5.) 198 p. Miinchen, 1939.

Reviewed by GUNNAR RUDBERG, Lychnos, 385-86, 1940.

REESE, GUSTAVE.-Music IN THE MIDDLE AGES. With an introduction on music of ancient times. xvIII +502 p. New York, NORTON, 1940.

"For the purposes of this book the Middle Ages close with the year 1453. Its contents are concerned mainly with style-analysis of the music itself rather than with environ- mental and cultural determinants, which will be treated of fully in PAUL HENRY LANG'S forthcoming book, Music in Western Civilization. The present volume has given special attention to the results of recent research, and provided many musical examples (a few not previously published) and occasional new interpretations of old facts. It also provides copious bibliographical references, making it easy for the student to learn details concerning the various developments here necessarily described in little more than outline. (PETER WAGNER'S Introduction to the single subject of Gregorian Chant, for example, fills three volumes, each about the size of this one.) The book is an outgrowth of a course of lectures on Medieval and Renaissance Music that I gave for a number of years in the Washington Square College and Graduate School of New York Univer- sity."

RODGERS, EDITH COOPERRIDER.-DIscusSIoN OF HOLIDAYS IN THE LATER MID- DLE AGES. 147 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($1.50).

Under a title which suggests a perhaps too preciously recondite study, there is provided the entrance to a very delightful and profitable entertainment. Miss RODGERS has made a study of holidays between the years 1200 and 1520 and their relations to the social and economic life of the period. In the thirteenth century, for example, in addition to Sundays, there were at one time as many as forty holy days to be observed. It was also a practise for members of the diocese, bishops and other ecclesiastical authorities to call special holidays in honor of former bishops, martyrs, and so on. It will readily be seen that holidays must have played an important part in the cultural development of the period, and it is this and the effects which holidays had upon the mediaeval laborer, that Miss RODGERS discusses in this valuable contribution to our cultural history. There is a good bibliography and an index.-M.F.A.M.

SCHMID, TONI.-LATEINISCHE LITERATUR IM MITTELALTERLICHEN SCHWEDEN. Lych- nos, 55-71 (in Swedish), p. 71-72 (German summary), 1940.

SIGERIST, HENRY E.-MEDIEVAL MEDICINE. Studies in the History of Science, p. 43-54, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

THOMSON, S. HARRISON.-EDITING OF MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS IN AMERICA. Progress of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Bull. no. 16, 37-49, 1941.

THOMSON, S. HARRISON.-PROGRESS OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Bulletin no. 16. 132 p. Boulder, Col., University of

Colorado, 1941.

THORNDIKE, LYNN.-ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION IN THE MIDDLE

AGES. Speculum 15, 400-08, 1940.



8. Western Asia 387

III. ORIENTAL SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION

8. WESTERN ASIA (Including "The ancient East" in general)

GOETZE, A.; STURTEVANT, E. H.-THE HITTITE RITUAL OF TUNNAWI. XII +129 p.

(American Oriental Series, 14.) New Haven, Conn., American Oriental Society, 1938.

Reviewed by O. R. GURNEY, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 56-61, 1941. "The 'ritual of Tunnawi' is, in fact, as the authors of this edition state, a typical example of 'sympathetic magic.' Its purpose is the restoration to health of a man or woman who is suffering from an impairment of the sexual-or, indeed, of any other-functions."

CENTRAL ASIA

FAZY, ROBERT.-LE CAS MOORCROFT. Un probleme de l'exploration tibetaine. T'oung Pao 35, 155-84, 1939.

GORDON, ANTOINETTE K.-THE ICONOGRAPHY OF TIBETAN LAMAISM. XXXI + 129 ., ill. New York, Columbia University Press, 1939. ($16.)

Reviewed by J. J. L. DUYVENDAK, T'oung Pao 35, 403, 1940.

HEIM, ARNOLD; GANSSER, AUGUST.-THRoN DER G6TTER. Erlebnisse der ersten Schweizerischen Himalaja-Expedition. 270 p., 238 fig., 2 pl., 1 map. Zirich, Mor-

garten-Verlag, 1938.

SYKES, PERCY.-A HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN. Vol. 1, XIII +411 p.; Vol. 2, IX+414 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($10.00).

Brigadier-General Sir PERCY SYKES probably knows more about Afghanistan from

personal experience in the service of Great Britain than any living European. His profound interest in this landlocked region of Asia, his experience of it, and his scholarly expeditions into its past, make it particularly appropriate that he should be the first to give us a history of Afghanistan. Although the present work is declaredly written in order "to supply British officials and the British public with accurate information" concerning a little known land, and while it is true that the work is written with the strong bias of a British patriot who is entirely interested in the political and military history of Afghanistan, it nonetheless manages to be fascinating. Sir PERCY SYKES writes most interestingly, and, in the great amount of ground he has covered, he seems to have found the secret of writing compendiously. The two volumes are well illustrated, and there are many maps and a good index. Throughout the two volumes many facts are distributed which will be of interest to the cultural historian, but the accounts of battles are so numerous, and written in so Hentyish a style, that he must be warned to be prepared to spend a pleasant hour or two on a battle for every fact that he may be after!-M.F.A.M.

EASTERN ASIA (Including works relative to the whole of Buddhist Asia, or to India, Central and Eastern Asia combined)

KERNER, ROBERT J.-NORTHEASTERN ASIA, A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY. 2 vols. xi +676 p., xxxII +622 p. University of California Press, 1939.

Reviewed by WING-TSIT CHAN, Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 429-32, 1940.

McCUNE, G. M.; REISCHAUER, E. O.-ROMANIZATION OF THE KOREAN LANGUAGE BASED UPON ITS PHONETIC STRUCTURE. Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 55 p., Seoul, Korea (received January 1941).



388 10. China

RUDOLPH, RICHARD C.-EMu TANGGO ORIN SAKDA-I GISUN SARKIYAN, an iunedited Manchu manuscript. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 554-63, 1 facs., 1940.

Beginning with a survey of Manchu studies since 1908.-G.S.

YOUN, EUL SOU. LE CONFUCIANISME EN CORnEE. Preface de Monsieur le Professeur MASSoN-OunsEL. Deuxieme edition. 198 p. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1939.

This Paris thesis by the abbe LAURENT YOUN is largely derived from Japanese and Korean sources (listed p. 194). It is divided into four parts: I. Philosophical systems anterior to Confucianism; II. Introduction of Confucianism into Korea; III. Develop- ment of neo-Confucianism, that is, the hsing li of CHU Hsi (XII-2); III. Opposition of Confucianism to Buddhism; IV. Triumph of Confucianism. That triumph was conse- crated only when the new dynasty was established in 1392. The abbe YOUN stops his account at the fifteenth century, for after that there is nothing but repetition and decadence. His book would have been more interesting if he had left out a number of generalities concerning Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, which his potential readers do not need. Proper names are transcribed phonetically without the Chinese characters (I do not even know how the author's name reads), and there is no index.-G.S.

9. INDIA

BURGHAM, EDWARD.-THE ORIENTAL PHYSICIANS OF THE GREAT MOGULS, p. 770-75, figs.; European doctors in the service of the Mogul dynasty, p. 776-79, figs.; Hygiene and medicine under Mogul rule, p. 780-86, figs. Ciba Symposia 2, 1941.

CHURCH, FRANKLIN H.-ANTIQUITY OF SYPHILIS IN INDIA. A review of the Charak Memorial Prize Thesis. Medical Times, 9 p., April 1938.

DASGUPTA, SURENDRANATH.-A HISTORY OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY. Vol3. xi. II +614 p. Cambridge University Press, 1940.

Reviewed by T. GREENWOOD, Nature 146, 446, 1940.

DUMONT, P. E.-THE AVYAKTA UPANISAD. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 338-55, 1940.

MUILLER, REINHOLD F. G.-VBER DIE POCKEN IN INDIEN. Janus 44, 161-72, 1940.

REDDY, D. V. S.-MEDICAL RELIEF IN MEDIEVAL SOUTH INDIA. Centres of medical aid and types of medical institutions. Based on epigraphical evidences. Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine 9, 385-400, 1941.

10. CHINA

ELIA, PASQUALE M.D' (S.J.).-LE ORIGINI DELL' ARTE CRISTIANA CINESE (1583-1640). 136 p. (Reale Accademia d'Italia, Studi e Documenti, 9.) Roma, 1939.

Reviewed by J. J. L. DUYVENDAK, T'oung Pao 35, 385-97, 1940.

HAGERTY, MICHAEL J.-COMMENTS ON WRITINGS CONCERNING CHINESE SORGHUMS. tIarvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 5, 234-60, 4 pl., 1941.

LOWENTHAL, RUDOLF; CH'EN HUNG-SHUN; KU T'ING-CH'ANG; WILLIAM W. Y. LIANG.-THE RELIGIOUS PERIODICAL PRESS IN CHINA. VI +294 p., 7 maps, 16 charts. (Sinological series, no. 57.) Peking, Synodal Commission in China, 1940.

This elaborate study is divided into thrice three parts. I. Mission presses, 1. Catholic in China, 2. Catholic in Manchuria, 3. Protestant; II. Chinese religions, 4. Buddhist,



11. Japan

5. Taoist, 6. Confucian; III. Religious minorities, 7. Mohammedan, 8. Jewish, 9. Ortho- dox (also Russian periodicals of other religious groups). More than a thousand journals (1,093) are dealt with, most of them in Chinese, others in Russian (63), English (52), French (23), German (7), etc. They are divided by religion as follows: Catholic, 162, Protestant 558, Russian orthodox, 13, Christian sects in Russian 7; Buddhist 155, Taoist 41, Confucian 21; Muslim 100, Jewish 36. The significant features are the enormous size of the Christian press (740) and the smallness of the Taoist and Confucian presses. This investigation has been carried out with considerable care.-G.S.

PEAKE, CYRUS H.-A COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS EDITIONS OF THE CH'ING SHIH

KAO. T'oung Pao 35, 354-63, 1940.

This learned article dealing with a comparison between the three editions of the Ch'ing shih kao (draft of Manchu history) deserves to be mentioned because of a curious circumstance. The printing of the first edition was begun in Peking 1927, a second edition was printed in Mukden c.1929. These two editions have come to be called the Kuan nei pen (Peking 1927) and the Kuan wai pen (Mukden 1929); that is, the edition within the gates and the edition outside of the gates. Both contain 536 chiian but there are various minor differences between them. C.1937 a third edition appeared in Mukden containing only 529 chiian. "The seven chiian discrepancy is to be accounted for in the monograph on the calendar which contains 9 instead of 16 chiian as in the other two editions. These chiian were eliminated justly enough by CHIN-LIANG, as they consisted of nothing more or less than readily accessible natural trigonometric function tables." These tables had been introduced in the former editions on the false assumption that they were an original Chinese creation; as a matter of fact they were but an adaptation of Western knowledge. Trigonometrical tables were introduced into China by Father JOHANN ADAM SCHALL in 1631 (these tables were abbreviated from those of RHAETICUS posthumously published in 1596). For further details see PEAKE'S valuable paper, which is an unexpected contribution to the history of Chinese mathematics.-G.S.

SWINGLE, WALTER T.; HALLER, H. L.; SIEGLER, D. H.; SWINGLE, M. C.-A CHINESE INSECTICIDAL PLANT, Tripterygium Wilfordii, introduced into the United States. Science 93, 60-61, 1941.

WHITE, WILLIAM CHARLES.-AN ALBUM OF CHINESE BAMBOOS; a study of a set of ink-bamboo drawings, A. D. 1785 (Museum Studies, II). University of Toronto Press, 1939.

Reviewed by GEORGE A. KENNEDY, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 5, 392-400, 1941 and by J. J. L. DUYVENDAK, T'oung Pao 35, 376-85, 1940.

WILSON, WILLIAM JEROME.-THE BACKGROUND OF CHINESE ALCHEMY; Leading ideas of early Chinese alchemy. Biographies of early Chinese alchemists; Later developments of Chinese alchemy; Relation of Chinese alchemy to that of other countries; Bibliography of Chinese alchemy. Ciba Symposia, 2, 595-99, 600-04, 605-09, 610-17, 623-24, 1940.

YETTS, W. PERCEVAL.-NOTES ON FLOWER SYMBOLISM IN CHINA. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-21, 8 fig., 1941.

11. JAPAN

NAGAYAMA, TOKIHIDE.-COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL MATERIALS CONNECTED WITH

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC RELIGION IN JAPAN. (Nagasaki?, 1924?) Folio with many illustrations; text in Japanese, with English summary.

389



390 12. Israel

Rich collection of Japanese and Western documents of the sixteenth century and later, arranged and explained by the director (bungakushi) of the Nagasaki Library.- G.S.

TSUSAKI, TAKAMICHI.-DIE GESCHICHTE DER ANATOMIE IN JAPAN WXHREND DER TOKUGAWA-PERIODE. Keizyo J. Med. 10, 66-98, 26 fig., 1939.

Reviewed by WECK, Mitt. z. Gesch. d. Med. 39, 132-33, 1940.

12. ISRAEL (Including works devoted to Palestine)

FINKELSTEIN, LOUIS. THE PHARISEES: the sociological background of their faith. 2 vols. 793 p. (MoRRIS LOEB Series.) Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society, 1938.

Reviewed by D. S. MARGOLIOUTH, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 115-17, 1940.

FRIEDENWALD, HARRY.-JEWS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER. JEAN

ASTRUC, the SAPORTAS, and others. Annals of Medical History 2, 518-25, 1940.

GANDZ, SOLOMON.-THE HALL OF RECKONINGS IN JERUSALEM. Jewish Quarterly Re- view 31, 383-404, 1941.

Apropos of a passage of Ekah rabbati, the Midrash Rabbah to Lamentations, com- menting on "All that pass by clap their hands at thee" (Lam. 2, 15). A contribution to the history of finger reckoning in Israel.-G.S.

LEVIN, S. I.; BOYDEN, EDWARD A.-THE KOSHER CODE OF THE ORTHODOX JEW.

Being a literal translation of that portion of the sixteenth-century codification of the Babylonian Talmud which describes such deficiencies as render animals unfit for food (Hilkot Terefot, Shulian 'Aruk); to which is appended a discussion of Talmudic anatomy in the light of the science of its day and of the present time. xx +243 p. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1940.

Reviewed by HARRY A. WOLFSON and FREDERIC T. LEWIS, Science 92, 173-75, 1940; and by SOLOMON GANDZ, Isis 33, 282-85, 1941.

MARCUS, JACOB R.-THE JEW IN THE MEDIAEVAL WORLD, A SOURCE BOOK, 315-1791. xxvI +504 p. Cincinnati, Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1938.

Reviewed by JACOB S. MINKIN, Isis 31, 454-57, 1940.

MASIE, A. M. (1857-1929).-DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE & ALLIED SCIENCES. Latin-

English-Hebrew. Edited by S. TCHERNICHOWSKY. XX +790 p., port. Jerusalem, 1934.

Very elaborate dictionary, containing the Hebrew equivalents of some sixty-three thousand medical and scientific terms. The author's name is AARON MAYER (or MEYER) MAZYE.-G.S.

MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSE M.-LA POESIA SAGRADA HEBRAICOESPANOLA. XII+367

p. (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Instituto Arias Montano.) Madrid, Escuela de Estudios Hebraicos, 1940.

Splendid publication containing an elaborate study on Hebrew-Hispanic sacred poetry, followed by an anthology of 155 poems in Spanish translation. It extends from the tenth to the beginning of the fifteenth century.-G.S.

RUPPIN, ARTHUR.-THE JEWISH FATE AND FUTURE. XI +386 p. New York, MAC-

MILLAN, 1940 ($4.00).

By far and away the best book on practically every aspect of the Jewish peoples in our

time, by the world's foremost authority. Professor RUPPIN is head of the Department



14. Islam 391

of Jewish Sociology at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and has spent the greater part of his life collecting, analyzing, and organizing the materials which he has presented in this book; the result is a work indispensable not only to the student of modern Jewish history and demography, but also to the student of the cultural history of our times. Withal the book is eminently readable; in fact, one of the most readable books of its kind with which I am acquainted. There is a good index and numerous clearly presented tables.-M.F.A.M.

THOMAS, DAVID WINTON.--THE RECOVERY OF THE ANCIENT HEBREW LANGUAGE.

An inaugural lecture delivered on 30 January 1939. 43 p. Cambridge University Press, 1939.

TRACHTENBERG, JOSHUA.-JEwISH MAGIC AND SUPERSTITION. A study in folk re-

ligion. xnI+356 p. New York, BEHRMAN, 1939.

Reviewed by JOSEPH SARACHEK, Jewish Quarterly Review 31, 92-94, 1940.

WALLACH, LUITPOLD. THE COLLOQUY OF MARCUS AURELIUS WITH THE PATRIARCH JUDAH I. Jewish Quarterly Review 31, 259-86, 1941.

"1. The older 'ANTONINUS and Rabbi' traditions of the rabbinical literature go back to an apocryphal colloquy between MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS and the Patriarch JUDAH I. 2. The goal of the fictitious colloquy was to prove an allegedly close relation of the Stoic emperor-philosopher with Judaism and with Rabbi. The Stoic was depicted as an adherent of Judaism and of the Jewish Patriarch. 3. The author of the colloquy was a Jewish Stoic imbued with Hellenism. He used the writings of POSEIDONIUS of

Apameia and the 'Self-contemplations' of MARCUS AURELIUS. 4. The fragments of the colloquy that have been preserved can be regarded as newly discovered fragments of the lost writings of POSEIDONIUS."

13. IRAN

BIDEZ, JOSEPH; CUMONT, FRANZ.-LES MAGES HELLfENISES. ZOROASTRE, OSTANES ET HYSTASPE D'APRES LA TRADITION GRECQUE. Tome I, Introduction, xII +297 p. Tome II, Les textes, 409 p. Paris, Societe d'Editions "Les belles lettres," 1938.

Reviewed by OWSEI TEMKIN, Isis 31, 458-62, 1940.

TAQIZADEH, S. H.-OLD IRANIAN CALENDARS. 57 p. (Prize Publication Fund, vol. 16.) London, Royal Asiatic Society, 1938.

14. ISLAM (also Arabia)

ARBERRY, A. J.-SPECIMENS OF ARABIC AND PERSIAN PALAEOGRAPHY. VIII +48 p.

(India Office Library.) London, India Office, 1939.

CANAAN, TEWFIK.-THE DECIPHERMENT OF ARABIC TALISMANS. Berytus 5, 141-51, 6 fig., 1938.

GIBB, H. A. R.-THE ARABS. 32 p. (Oxford pamphlets on world affairs, no. 40.) Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.

GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE VON-ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TYPE OF SCHOLAR IN

EARLY ISLAM. Corona, p. 142-47, Duke University Press, Durham, N. C. (received April 1941).

HADDAD, SAMI IBRAHIM-ARABIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE. Annals of Medical

History 3, 60-72, 2 fig., 1941.



392 New World and Africa

HARRISON, PAUL W.-DOCTOR IN ARABIA. 304 p., ill. New York, DAY, 1940.

Very moving account of the heroic life of a missionary doctor in the hot climate of Muscat and Oman. A book that makes one feel very humble.-G.S.

HITTI, PHILIP K.-HISTORY OF THE ARABS. XIX +767 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940

($7.00). This excellent book was first published in 1937, and the present issue represents the

second edition. The first edition was reviewed in this journal (Isis 98, 503-04, 1938) by Dr. D. B. MACDONALD. The present edition has benefited by Dr. MACDONALD'S comments upon the earlier volume, and Dr. HITTI has given due consideration to all other critical comments which have come to him. The work has been brought up to date, and many necessary emendations have been made. Items originally intended for the bibliographies which were to have been appended to each chapter have been incorporated in the footnotes, and two of the maps have been reconstructed. It is good to see that this book has now assumed its rightful place as the best short history of the Arabs in the English language.-M.F.A.M.

KHAIRALLAH, AMIN A.-MEDICINE'S DEBT TO SYRIA. Annals of Medical History 3, 140-47, 1941.

MATTHEWS, CHARLES D.-MANUSCRIPTS AND A MAMLUK INSCRIPTION in the Lansing Collection in the Denver Public Library. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 370-89, 1 pl., 1940.

MATTHEWS, CHARLES D.-RELIQUES OF THE REV. DR. JOHN G. LANSING. Moslem

World, 11 p., 1940.

MEYERHOF, MAX.-ETUDES DE PHARMACOLOGIE ARABE TIREES DE MANUSCRITS IN-

EDITS. Bulletin de l'Institut d'Egypte 22, 152-62, 1939-40.

The first Arabic mention of tea occurs in the account of SULAIMAN THE MERCHANT (IX-1) written c. 851 (Intr. 1, 571). The author also discusses a few later mentions and descriptions.-G.S.

SMITH, BYRON PORTER.-ISLAM IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. XII+258 p. Beirut, American Press, 1939. ($2.75).

Elaborate study of the views concerning the Prophet and Islam expressed in English letters. It took a long time to correct mediaeval lies and prejudices, reach gradually a fairer estimate and make possible CARLYLE'S famous panegyric of 1840. The Renais- sance period is dealt with briefly because the existence of SAMUEL C. CHEW'S book on The Crescent and the Rose (New York 1937) made a longer account of it superfluous. The subject is divided as follows: I. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance; II. The age of DRYDEN; III. The age of POPE; IV. The age of JOHNSON; V. The Romantic age and the early Victorian Age; VI. "The hero as prophet." The account is very well documented, and apparently exhaustive. Yet Prof. CHEW discovered an important omission, that of Sir WILLIAM TEMPLE'S essay of heroic virtue (1690), which anticipated CAR- LYLE'S. We take special pleasure in praising this remarkable book at a time when its places of origin, the American Press and the American University of Beirut, are in dan- ger.-G.S.

IV. NEW WORLD AND AFRICA

(a) AMERICA

BUSHNELL, DAVID I., JR.-EVIDENCE OF EARLY INDIAN OCCUPANCY NEAR THE PEAKS



New World and Africa 393

OF OTTER, BEDFORD COUNTY, VIRGINIA. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99, 14 p., 5 pi., Washington, D. C., 1940.

CARLSON, WILLIAM S.-GREENLAND LIES NORTH. VIII +306 p. New York, MAC-

MILLAN, 1940 ($3.00).

An attractively written account of Greenland and its people, and of the adventures of the writer, Professor WILLIAM S. CARLSON, who went out to Greenland as a member of a scientific expedition. He spent some two years in that physically frigid but humanly warm land, and his account of his experiences is both valuable and entertaining.- M.F.A.M.

FESTER, GUSTAVE A.-Los COLORANTES DEL ANTIGUO PERU. Archeion 22, 229-41, 1940.

GOLLAN, AGUSTIN ZAPATA.-CAMINOS DE AMERICA. Archeion 22, 242-317, 21 fig., 1940.

KONJIAS, HELEN T.-PHYSICIANS AS EXPLORERS IN THE NEW WORLD. Ciba Symposia 2, 643-52, 1940.

LYFORD, CARRIE A.-QUILL AND BEADWORK OF THE WESTERN SIOUX. Illustrated with photographs and drawings. 92 p., 46 pl. (Indian Handcrafts, 1.) Education Divi- sion, U. S. Office of Indian Affairs, 1940.

SARTON, GEORGE.-QUERY NO. 98. Extensive use of gilsonite by early Mexican In- dians. Isis 33, 58-60, 1 fig., 1941.

YOUNG, STELLA.-NAVAJO NATIVE DYES.Their preparation and use. Recipes formulated

by NONABAH G. BRYAN. Compiled by STELLA YOUNG. Illustrated with drawings by CHARLES KEETSIE SHIRLEY, Navajo. 75 p. (Indian Handcrafts, 2.) Education Division, U. S. Office of Indian Affairs, 1940.

(b) OCEANIA

KONJIAS, HELEN T.-MEDICAL MEN AS EXPLORERS IN AUSTRALIA AND THE SOUTH SEAS. Ciba Symposia 2, 653-60, 1940.

METRAUX, ALFRED.-ETHNOLOGY OF EASTER ISLAND. VI +432 p., 7 pi. Honolulu, Hawaii, Bernice P. Bishop Museum (Bull. 160).

Reviewed in Nature 146, 465-66, 1940.

STRACHAN, J. E.-NEW ZEALAND OBSERVER. VI +128 p. New York, Columbia Uni-

versity Press, 1940 ($1.50). The letters of the principal of a New Zealand high school written while travelling

through America during February and March 1938 on a grant from the Carnegie Cor- poration of New York. Very sympathetic, intelligent, naive and interesting.-M.F.A.M.

(c) AFRICA (outside Egypt and Islam)

ROBINSON, VICTOR.-MEDICAL EXPLORERS IN AFRICA. Ciba Symposia 2, 633-42, fig., 1940.



394 16. History of Science

PART III

SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION

I. SCIENCE IN GENERAL

16. HISTORY OF SCIENCE

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON.-DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RE- SEARCH. Section of the history of science. Isis 31, 426-28, 1940.

Twenty-first annual report, for the period: July 1, 1938-June 30, 1939.

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON.-HIsTORY OF SCIENCE. Year Book no. 39, for 1939-40, p. 282-83, 285. Washington, 1940.

This is SARTON'S twenty-second annual report to the Carnegie Institution, the original text of which, prepared for publication in Isis, remained unpublished. For previous report, see Year Book no. 38 and Isis 31, 426-28. Further annual reports will appear exclusively in the Year Book.-G.S.

CHRISTIAN, SCHUYLER MEDLOCK.-THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN THE SOUTH. 19 p. (mimeographed). Southern Scientists' Meeting, Mobile, Alabama, March 20, 1941.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.-SEMINAR IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING LED BY DR. GEORGE SARTON. Isis 33, 65-66, 1941.

(HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY).-ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. Isis 33, 181-86, 1941.

INSTITUT DE FRANCE, ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES.-NOTICES ET DISCOURS. Tome premier, 1924-36. 753 p., port. Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1937.


KUZNETSOV, B. G.-ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE. 172 p., port. Mos- cow and Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1940. Bound, 5 rbls. (In Russian.)

A series of popular essays.-A.P.

NEEDHAM, JOSEPH; PAGEL, WALTER (EDITORS).-BACKGROUND TO MODERN SCI- ENCE. XII +243 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1938.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis 31, 465-66, 1940.

PLEDGE, H. T.-SCIENCE SINCE 1500. A short history of mathematics, physics, chemis-

try, biology. 357+11 p., 15 pl., 6 charts, 6 maps. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1939 (New York, British Library of Information).


ROSSITER, A. P.-THE GROWTH OF SCIENCE. An outline history. 372 p. Cambridge, Orthological Institute, 1939. (New York, Pittman Publ. Co.).


(SARTON, GEORGE).-THE END OF THE BELGIAN Isis. List of articles and reviews which will eventually appear in no. 84 and in vol. 32 of Isis, and in vols. 8 and 9 of Osiris. Isis 33, 41-54, 1941.

SARTON, GEORGE.-FIFTY-EIGHTH CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY of the history and philoso-



17. Organization of Science

phy of science and of the history of civilization (to October 1939-with special reference to centuries VIII to XIV inclusive). Isis 31, 491-608, 1940.

The fifty-eighth bibliography contains about 780 items of which 229 deal with the VIIIth to XIVth centuries after Christ. They have been contributed by thirteen scholars belonging to four different countries. The fifty-ninth bibliography (to appear in vol. 32) is thus far unpublished because of the German invasion of Belgium.

SARTON, GEORGE.-SIXTIETH CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of civilization (to October 1940). Isis 33, 84-180, 1941.

This bibliography contains 790 items contributed by 12 scholars belonging to 3 countries.

SARTON, GEORGE.-PREFACE TO VOLUME XXXIII. To the Republic of Letters. Isis 33, 1-3, 1 facs., 1941.

SEDGWICK, W. T.; TYLER, H. W.; BIGELOW, R. P.-A SHORT HISTORY OF SCIENCE.

XXI +512 p., 61 fig., maps. New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.


TAYLOR, F. SHERWOOD.-THE MARCH OF MIND. A short history of science. xIv+320

p., 14 pl., 36 fig. New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.


[UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF SCIENCE.]-STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE, BY E. A. SPEISER, OTTO E. NEUGEBAUER, HERMANN RANKE,

HENRY E. SIGERIST, RICHARD H. SHRYOCK, EVARTS A. GRAHAM, EDGAR A. SINGER,

HERMANN WEYL. 123 p. (University of Pennsylvania Bicentennial Conference.) Phila-

delphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941. ($1.50) The eight articles of this volume are listed in this Critical Bibliography in their re-

spective sections. See also Isis 33, 64, 1941.

17. ORGANIZATION OF SCIENCE

(Internal organization is meant, see Isis 1, 195. For external organization, national or international, see section 55.)

HOGBEN, LANCELOT.-ScIENCE FOR THE CITIZEN. XIII+1082+XIX p. New York, KNOPF, 1938.


LEAKE, CHAUNCEY D.-SCIENCE IMPLIES FREEDOM. A timely topic for the New

Year's amusement of the friends of CHAUNCEY and ELIZABETH LEAKE. 11 p., ill. San

Francisco, 1940.

WATSON, DAVID LINDSAY.-SCIENTISTS ARE HUMAN. With a foreword by JOHN DEWEY. xx+249 p. (Microfilm copies of complete original manuscript, Document 1015, American Documentation Institute, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, D. C.) London, WATTS, 1938.

Reviewed by R. K. MERTON, Isis 31, 466-67, 1940.

ZNANIECKI, FLORIAN.-THE SOCIAL ROLE OF THE MAN OF KNOWLEDGE. V +212 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($2.50).

A sociological study of the scientist.-M.F.A.M.

395



396 20. Mathematics

18. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

AYER, A. J.-THE FOUNDATIONS OF EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE. x+275 p. New York,

MACMILLAN, 1940 ($2.50).

"The most that we can do is to elaborate a technique for predicting the course of our sensory experience, and to adhere to it so long as it is found to be reliable. And this is all that is essentially involved in our belief in the reality of the physical world." These are the concluding words of Mr. AYER'S book, and it is what is expressed in those words that he, essentially, sets out to show.-M.F.A.M.

EDDINGTON, SIR ARTHUR.-THE PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE. VII+230 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.

Reviewed by V. F. LENZEN, Isis 33, 79-80, 1941.

RUSSELL, BERTRAND.-AN INQUIRY INTO MEANING & TRUTH. 445 p. New York, NORTON, 1940 ($3.75).

This is one of RUSSELL'S best books. In it RUSSELL is almost wholly a logical positivist. Indeed, he has gone the whole hog-with the additus, of course, of RUSSELL. Those who are acquainted with the writings of the logical positivists and with the writings of RUSSELL w,ill hardly need to be told that the latter has made a most valuable and stimulating contribution towards the understanding of the foundations of knowledge and the nature of meaning and truth.-M.F.A.M.

SINGER, EDGAR A.-LOGICO-HISTORICAL STUDY OF MECHANISM, VITALISM, NATURAL-

ISM. Studies in the History of Science, p. 89-102, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylva- nia Press, 1941.

II. FORMAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of forms)

19. LOGIC AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE

MILLER, JAMES WILKINSON.-THE STRUCTURE OF ARISTOTELIAN LOGIC. 97 p.

(Psyche monographs, 11.) London, KEGAN PAUL, 1938.

Reviewed by I BERNARD COHEN, Iis 31, 471-73, 1940.

QUINE, W. V.; GOODMAN, NELSON.-ELIMINATION OF EXTRA-LOGICAL POSTULATES. Journal of Symbolic Logic 5, 104-09, 1940.

20. MATHEMATICS

ARCHIBALD, RAYMOND CLARE.-A SEMICENTENNIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN

MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, 1888-1938, with biographies and bibliographies of the past presidents. xI +262 p., port. SEMICENTENNIAL ADDRESSES OF THE AMERICAN MATHE-

MATICAL SOCIETY. 315 p. (American Math. Soc. semicentennial publications, in 2 vols.) New York, American Mathematical Society, 1938.


BARBOUR, J. MURRAY.-MUSICAL LOGARITHMS. Scripta Mathematica 7, 21-31, 1

facs., 1940.

BELL, A. E.-EARLY WORK ON PERIODIC MOTION. Nature 147, 78-80, 1941.

BRADLEY, A. DAY.-THE MATHEMATICAL MANUSCRIPTS IN THE SCHWENKFELDER

HISTORICAL LIBRARY. Scripta Mathematica 7, 49-58, 1940.



20. Mathematics

This library at Pennsburg, Penna., contains about 900 mathematical copy-books written between 1731 and 1872 by Schwenkfelders, a sect of Protestant followers of the religious teachings of CASPAR VON SCHWENKFELD (1498-1562). At the opening of the eighteenth century, there were ca. 1500 Schwenkfelders in Silesia. Persecution caused them to flee from Silesia to Saxony and then (1731-37) to the Perkiomen region of Pennsylvania.-I B.C.

BURLINGTON, R. S.-THE MIL AS AN ANGULAR UNIT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE ARMY. American Mathematical Monthly 48, 188-89, 1941.

"In the Army of the United States, two systems for measuring angles are in wide use; the mil system and the familiar sexagesimal system. In the mil system, the fundamental unit is the mil, where by definition 1600 mils equal one right angle." . .. "The mil gains its name from the fact that one mil is approximately the angle subtended by one yard at a distance of 1000 yards."

CASSIRER, ERNST.-MATHEMATISCHE MYSTIK UND MATHEMATISCHE NATURWISSEN-

SCHAFT. Betrachtungen zur Entstehungsgeschichte der exakten Wissenschaft. Lychnos, 248-65, 1940.

DANTZIG, TOBIAS.-NUMBER, THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE. A critical survey written for the cultured non-mathematician. Third edition, revised and augmented. x +320 p. 12 ill. New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.


FRAENKEL, ABRAHAM ADOLF.-NATURAL NUMBERS AS ORDINALS. Scripta Mathe- matica 7, 9-20, 1940.

FRECHET, MAURICE.-ON SOME CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE CALCU-

LUS OF PROBABILITY. Scripta Mathematica 7, 110-12, 1940.

HIGGINS, THOMAS JAMES.-A NOTE ON THE HISTORY OF MIXED PARTIAL DERIVA-

TIVES. Scripta Mathematica 7, 59-62, 1940.

INFELD, LEOPOLD.-THE FOURTH DIMENSION AND RELATIVITY. Scripta Mathematica 7, 79-85, 1940.

A radio bradcast given over WNYG, May 7, 1938, under the auspieces of the Galois Institute of Mathematics, Long Island University.-I B.C.

LARGUIER, EVERETT H. (S. J.).-BROUWERIAN PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS.

Scripta Mathematica 7, 69-78, 1940.

POLACHEK, HARRY.-THE STRUCTURE OF THE HONEYCOMB. Scripta Mathematica 7, 87-98, 6 fig., 1940.

READ, C. B.-IS A MANTISSA NECESSARILY POSITIVE? American Mathematical Monthly 48, 203-04, 1941.

VOGEL, KURT.-ZUR GESCHICHTE DER LINEAREN GLEICHUNGEN MIT MEHREREN UNBE- KANNTEN. Deutsche Mathematik 5, 217-40. (Received Dec. 1940.)

WEYL, HERMANN.-THE MATHEMATICAL WAY OF THINKING. Science 92, 437-46, 4 fig., 1940; also in Studies in the History of Science, 103-23, 4 fig., Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

397



398 23. Astronomy

III. PHYSICAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of inorganic nature)

22. MECHANICS (Including celestial and atomic mechanics)

DINGLE, HERBERT.-THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY. VII +94 p. (METHUEN'S Monographs on Physical Subjects.) London, METHUEN, 1940 (3s.).

"So much has been written on the Special Theory of Relativity that a fresh book on the subject calls for some explanation. The apology offered here is that, so far as I know, the treatment adopted-namely, the development of the whole form of the theory from a re-definition, along ordinary scientific lines, of the measurement of length-has not previously been given. Such a treatment exonerates the theory from the last suspi- cion of metaphysics, and seems to me to present it in the form in which its significance for both science and philosophy can best be appreciated. The impulse to publish has been greatly stimulated by a recent correspondence in Nature, from which it is clear that there is still a deep and widespread disagreement on fundamental points of the theory. I hope the systematic development given here will enable the points at issue to be definitely located, and the truth, whatever it may be, brought to light." Contents: I. Rela- tivity and physical principles; II. The experimental basis; III. Relativity and length; IV. Time; V. Velocity and acceleration; VI. Mass, energy and force; VII. Electromag- netic measurements; VIII. Transition to general relativity.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L.-AUTOENDOMORPHISME ET LA NATURE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE DE LA GRAVITATION, et les theories de LAPLACE, de THOMAS C. CHAMBERLIN, et R. D.

SALISBURY, sur l'origine des planetes. Publicaciones del Instituto de fisiografia y geologia de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemdticas, Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales aplicadas a la Industria de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 7, Rosario, Argentina, 1939. 45 p., 19 figs.

SESMAT, AUGUSTIN.-LE SYSTEME ABSOLIJ CLASSIQUE ET LES MOUVEMENTS REELS.

Etude historique et critique. 688 p. (Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, no. 479-85.) Paris, HERMANN, 1936.

Reviewed by JULES GEHENIAU, Isis 31, 476-78, 1940.

SESMAT, AUGUSTIN.-LEs SYSTEMES PRIVILEGIES DE LA PHYSIQUE RELATIVISTE. Ex-

pose methodique et critique des theories d'EINSTEIN. 449 p. (Actualites scientifiques et

industrielles, 7 fascicules.) Paris, HERMANN, 1936.

Reviewed by JULES GEHENIAU, Isis 31, 478-79, 1940.

23. ASTRONOMY

BOK, BART J.; MAYALL, MARGARET W.-SCIENTISTS LOOK AT ASTROLOGY. Scien-

tific Monthly, 233-44, 2 fig., ills., March 1941.

DUFOUR, L.-LE FOLKLORE METEOROLOGIQUE DE LA LUNE. Ciel et terre, 18 p., 2 p1., 1941.

HUMBERT, PIERRE.-LE BAPTEME DES SATELLITES DE JUPITER. Rev. des questions scientifiques 7, 171-79, 1940.

IONIDES, STEPHEN A.; IONIDES, MARGARET L.-STARS AND MEN. 460 p., 74 ill. New York, BOBBS-MERRILL, 1939.

A very readable series of essays on Time, Days, Seasons, The Sun, The Moon, Eclipses, Planets, Comets, The Calendar, Precession, Constellations, Stars, Navigation, Geography, Astrology, Cosmology, etc. The book is intended for the general reader interested in the non-technical aspects of astronomy and related sciences; the authors



25. Chemistry 399

add a sufficient amount of historical, philosophical, and literary ingredients to make the subject matter attractive even to people who are afraid of looking at a mathematical formula. The bibliographical references are relegated to the end of the volume. There are numerous illustrations.-A.P.

24. PHYSICS

BOYER, CARL B.-EARLY ESTIMATES OF THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT. Isis 33, 24-40, 1941.

BROGLIE, LOUIS DE.-MATIERE ET LUMIERE. XII +342 p. (Sciences d'aujourd'hui.) Paris, MICHEL, 1937.

A review by I BERNARD COHEN of the English translation of this book will appear in Isis, vol. 32.

MALISOFF, WILLIAM MARIAS.-PHYSICS: THE DECLINE OF MECHANISM. Philosophy of Science 7, 400-14, 1940.

SAUTY, LOUIS.-LA MECANIQUE ONDULATOIRE ET LES QUANTA ELECTROMAGNETIQUES.

34 p., Avignon, AYZAC, 1940.

WATSON, W. H.-ON UNDERSTANDING PHYSICS. XII + 146 p. Cambridge University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by V. F. LENZEN, Isis 31, 469-71, 1940.

WOOD, A. B.-A TEXTBOOK OF SOUND. Being an account of the physics of vibrations with special reference to recent theoretical and technical developments. xvI +578 p., 158 figs. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($6.50).

This book was first published in 1930, reprinted 1932, 1937. This second edition 1941 is revised and enlarged. "In addition to the large extension of frequency-range, new ap- paratus and new methods of investigation have been introduced which have completely transformed all branches of the subject. The very important analogy existing between electrical and mechanical vibrating systems is now in general use. Not only are electrical methods extensively applied in the production and reception of mechanical vibrations, but the theory of one is closely interlinked with that of the other. The familiar concep- tions of electrical potential, current, and impedance are now applied with almost equal facility to mechanical systems; we have mechanical filters analogous to electrical filters, and complex mechanical vibrating systems (e.g. such as a gramophone sound box or a 'loud speaker') are now designed in strict accordance with electrical principles. Electrical methods are extensively used also as a means of amplifying mechanical vibrations, the feeble effects at a sound-receiving surface being converted into electrical currents, amplified electrically and reproduced as mechanical vibrations of greatly increased intensity. It seems desirable that these and the many other important developments should be recorded side by side with the earlier work of RAYLEIGH and his followers." ... "Since the first edition was published a large volume of literature has appeared relating to various aspects of the subject such as supersonics, hearing, noise, technical applications, etc., and some difficulty has been experienced in condensing this material into 'textbook' form. To compensate for deficiencies in this respect, references to many original papers have been given."

25. CHEMISTRY, PEIYSICAL CHEMISTRY, INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

ARMSTRONG, EVA V.-THE EDGAR FAHS SMITH MEMORIAL COLLECTION IN THE HIS-

TORY OF CHEMISTRY. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Isis 33, 63-64, 1941.



400 26. Technology

CHILD, ERNEST.--THE TOOLS OF THE CHEMIST, their ancestry and American evolution. 920 p., illus. New York, REINHOLD, 1940.

Reviewed by E. FARBER, Isis 33, 80-81, 1941.

JAFFE, BERNARD.-NEW WORLD OF CHEMISTRY. XI +692 p. New York, SILVER BUR-

DETT, 1940.

New world of chemistry was first published in 1935 and revised in 1937 and 1939. This edition is a complete revision of the 1939 edition, rewritten, redesigned, and reillustrated. A statement on the reverse of the title-page says that the book is "dedicated to the spirit of chemistry, to the unselfish and inquiring men and women who have given us chemistry, and to the boys and girls who through chemistry will make a better world for all." And the statement is true where it is not prophecy. The book uses all of the well- known devices for attracting the interest of the reader, especially the interest of boys and girls of high school age. It contains many portraits and pictures of historical interest.

It assumes and it produces an interest in the history of chemistry, and it makes the reader

realize that chemistry is in flux, not, like arithmetic, completed and done with. Other

pictures illustrate modern processes or natural manifestations of chemistry. Others il-

lustrate experiments of such sort that a normal boy, reading the accounts and seeing

the pictures, will wish to carry them out himself. "Careful provision has been made for individual differences in ability and interest.

End-of-chapter materials include: (1) You will enjoy reading, stimulating and valuable

reading materials; (2) Useful ideas developed, a summary of salient ideas; (3) Using what

you have learned, carefully graded and grouped learning exercises that give students

practice in using what they have learned ... ; (4) Projects, investigations, and activities,

designed to give students practice in using the method of science."

Altogether this is a very interesting book and successful popularization, or, ought we

to say, juvenization rather. It contains more erudition than its popular appearance

indicates and offers, if it is possible to judge, very few opportunities for the beginner to

make mistaken interpretations of its language.-T.L.D.

READ, JOHN.-THE [SIR WILLIAM JACKSON] POPE COLLECTION OF ALCHEMICAL PAINT-

INGS AND ENGRAVINGS. Nature 147, 243, 1941.

TESTI, GINO.-STORIA DELLA CHIMICA CON PARTICOLARE RIGUARDO ALL'OPERA DEGLI

ITALIANI. 352 p., 100 ill. (Istituto italiano di storia della chimica, Roma.) Roma, Casa

Editrice Mediterranea, 1940.

Reviewed by ALDO MIELI, Archeion 22, 414-22, 1940.

VEIBEL, STIG.-KEMIEN I DANMARK, I. Kemiens historie i Danmark. 250 p. Copen-

hagen, BuscH, 1939.

Reviewed by STEN LINDROTH, Lychnos, 452-53, 1940 (in Swedish).

WACHTEL, CURT.-CHEMICAL WARFARE. IX+312 p. Brooklyn, Chemical Publishing

Co., 1941.

Significant not only for technical considerations but also for historical information on

development of chemical agents for direct military use in the First World War. Particu-

larly enlightening is the discussion of the influence of FRITZ HABER in coordinating re-

search and industry in Germany for the effective use of war gas.-C.D.L.

26. TECHNOLOGY

(For mining, see 32. Geology; for Industrial chemistry, 25. Chemistry. See also Arts and Crafts under 45.)

BENT, QUINCY.-75 YEARS OF STEEL. 24 p. Newcomen Society, American Branch, 1939.



26. Technology 401

MILLER, JOHN ANDERSON.-FARES PLEASE! From horse-cars to streamliners. xvii +204 p., 135 fig. New York, APPLETON-Century, 1941.

An interesting, well-informed history of urban transportation. Profusely and hand- somely illustrated.-I B.C.

MITCHELL, EDWIN VALENTINE.-AMERICAN VILLAGE. Illustrated with material from the Henry Ford Collections in Greenfield Village, Michigan. 261 p., ill., pls. New York, STACKPOLE, 1938.

PECKITT, LEONARD.-IRON IN INDUSTRY-PROGRESS OF 100 YEARS, 31 p. New- comen Society, American Branch, 1940.

ROSEN, S. McKEE; ROSEN, LAURA.-TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY. XIV+447 p. New

York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($3.00).

The subtitle of this very important and altogether admirable book is The Influence of Machines in the United States. That is to say, the influence of machines upon human beings and their lives. That the book is a timely one, all will, I think, recognize. In the introduction, "National Policy and Technology," Professor WILLIAM F. OGBURN empha- sizes the necessity for planned action, involving a conscious choice of alternatives if we are to avoid the disastrous consequences which ignorance, greed, and emotion in the utilization of the machine, have brought about. In the body of the book the authors very clearly trace the history of the rise of the machine in the United States in a most informative and illuminating manner. Every aspect of the machine economy is dealt with, and the tabular, graphic, and illustrative matter substantially assists to bring out the authors' points. The concluding words of this grand book are, "Unless and until the use of technology is subordinated to constructive and socially desirable ends, the prospects for society in the future remain dim and uncertain." This volume should have the very widest appeal, for it is simply and clearly written, and, at the same time, authoritatively. Each chapter is followed by a list of books for further reading, and there is a good index.-M.F.A.M.

SCHIELDROP, EDGAR B.-CONQUEST OF SPACE AND TIME. No. 1, The railway. With a foreword by Sir RONALD MATTHEWS. 256 p. No. 9, The highway. With a foreword by Sir CHARLES BRESSEY. 248 p. No. 3, The high seas. With a foreword by Sir ARCHIBALD HURD, 211 p. London, HUTCHINSON, 1939. (Issued in American by the David McKay Co., Philadelphia.)

This set of three interesting books is written by the Professor of Applied Mathematics in Oslo University. For those who are interested in problems of transportation and communication, these books will be very delightful. The author is a specialist in mechanics, and especially hydrodynamics, but in these three books he never forgets that he is writing for the uninitiated as well as the learned. The result is a very interesting job reminding us of the great men-known and unknown-to whom we owe the development of modern transportation, which in turn has exercised such a profound influence upon our lives.

Each book begins by stressing the humanistic values in the very best possible way, namely, by tracing briefly the history (or really prehistory) of the subject. Then, there is a section explaining the scientific principles underlying the particular inventions, and finally a section on the present forms of communication and their possibilities for future development.

The books are very nicely printed on a shiny paper which allows for many illustrations in the text-diagrams, photographs, plans, models, and reconstructions, as well as portraits. Each volume contains over a hundred handsome illustrations. Also, each volume has an appendix of statistical tables and notes. A very interesting trio of books!-I B.C.



402 27. Biology

STANFORD, H. R.-THE HISTORIC POTOMAC-beginning with 1740. 41 p. Newcomen Society, American Branch, 1940.

STERRETT, FRANK W.-PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS UPON THE LIFE AND WORK OF THE ENGINEER IN THE ADVANCE OF CIVILIZATION. Newcomen Society, American Branch, 1941.

TAYLOR, FRANK A.-CATALOG OF THE MECHANICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF

ENGINEERING, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. United States National Museum, Bulletin 173, 203 p., 37 pl. Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Institution, 1939.

WILLIAMS, C. C.-DECISIVE INVENTIONS VERSUS DECISIVE BATTLES. 31 p. American

Branch, Newcomen Society, 1940.

IV. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of organic nature)

27. BIOLOGY (Generalities, "Natural listory")

BLUM, HAROLD FRANCIS.-PHOTODYNAMIC ACTION AND DISEASES CAUSED BY LIGHT. XII +309 p. New York, REINHOLD, 1941 ($6.00).

This volume is no. 85 in The American Chemical Society's Monograph Series, and maintains the high standard of the preceding volumes in the series. The subject of the biological effects of radiation is an enormous one. In the present volume Dr. BLUM provides the reader with a general introduction to the subject which is a model of clarity, but in the body of his work limits himself to the discussion of the nature of photodynamic action, and then proceeds to the discussion of diseases produced by light in do- mestic animals and in man. The discussion is always clear and suggestive, and supported by numerous references which are gathered together in a useful bibliography at the end of the volume. There is a good index.-M.F.A.M.

COLE, F. J.-BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFLECTIONS OF A BIOLOGIST. Proceedings of the Oxford

Bibliographical Society, 169-86, 1938.

A very important paper for the methodological point of view. Every historian of biology ought to read it as a warning. To be reprinted in Osiris 8.-G.S.

COLE, LEON J.-THE RELATION OF GENETICS TO GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND

SPECIATION; Speciation. I. Introduction. American Naturalist 74, 193-97, 1940.

COLE, LEON J.-EACH AFTER HIS KIND. Science 93, 289-93, 316-19, 1941.

COLIN, EDWARD C.-ELEMENTS OF GENETICS. MENDEL'S laws of heredity with special application to man. xII+386 p., 47 fig. Philadelphia, BLAKISTON, 1941. ($3.00).

This is an introductory course in genetics of college grade. To increase its usefulness for general use as a work of reference, two chapters are devoted to heredity in man and one to improvement in the human species. Equally important for this end are the chapters on heredity and environment, heredity and evolution, and improvement of the human species. The historical approach is used in the development of the subject. Graded problems of increasing difficulty are appended to each chapter and a glossary of definitions is added. The text is clear, concise, and well-ordered and the illustrations have been chosen with care.-C.A.K.

HUXLEY, JULIAN.-THE UNIQUENESS OF MAN. XIII+300 p. London, CHATTO and WINDUS, 1941.

Reviewed by H. G. WELLS, Nature 147, 247-48, 1941.



27. Biology 403

LILLIE, RALPH S.--BIOLOGICAL CAUSATION. Philosophy of Science 7, 314-36, 1940.

MARETT, J. R. DE LA H.-RACE, SEX AND ENVIRONMENT. 342 p. New York, Chemical Publishing Co., 1940 ($8.50).

This book was first published in England in 1936. It is now distributed in this country at double the price, instead of at four-fifths of the original price of twenty-one shillings. The book is, from beginning to end, speculative and is a good example of suggestive writing, based upon several disconnected observations, which may provide the experimental thinker in human biology with a number of eggs for him to try to hatch. Mr. MARETT has laid several such eggs, and while there is much that is definitely wrong with the yolk of many of his eggs, there are some that only need warming to hatch. Mr. MARETT believes that mineral deficiency may have influenced selection both for bodily and mental characters in the evolution, and with an abundance of not always judiciously selected evidence, he sets forth the case for his eggs, but it is an expensive basket in which they are carried.-M.F.A.M.

MAVOR, JAMES WATT.-GENERAL BIOLOGY. XXX +897 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($4.00).

The revised edition of a book first published in 1936. Of this text-book of general biology it can, without any reservations, be said that it is among the best to be found in any language, and perhaps the most comprehensive. The whole field of general biology is systematically covered, readably, soundly and inspiringly. There are almost 500 illustrations, many tables, lists for further reading, questions, and an appendix which gives a very useful synoptic table of the plant and animal kingdoms. The index is exhaustive. If I were asked to recommend a text on general biology for the average reader, the student, or the non-biological scholar, this would be the book I would recommend.- M.F.A.M.

NORDENSKIOLD, ERIK.-UN APERqU SUR L'EVOLUTION HISTORIQUE DE LA NOTION D'ESPECE DANS LA BIOLOGIE. Lychnos, 1-18 (in Swedish), p. 19-20 (French summary), 1940.

WILLIS, JOHN CHRISTOPHER.-THE COURSE OF EVOLUTION. VIII -+207 p. Cambridge University Press, 1940 ($3.50).

An extremely valuable discussion of the concept of natural selection in the light of a distinguished botanist's own studies in the mechanism of evolution; studies which lead him to the independent expression of views as to the nature of evolutionary processes which the geneticists have recently demonstrated.-M.F.A.M.

WOODRUFF, LORANDE LOSS.-FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY. XVII+773 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941. ($3.75).

This is the sixth edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten, of an admirable exposition of the "fundamental principles of biology for the college student and the general reader," which was first published in 1922. The illustrations now number 470, and among the new chapters is one on human ancestry. The last chapter is devoted to "Biological History," and in 38 well illustrated pages Dr. WOODRUFF gives an excellent brief account of the history of biology. There are good bibliographies, a splendid glossary, and a complete index. The book may be thoroughly recommended to all students and to all general readers.-M.F.A.M.

ZIRKLE, CONWAY.-NATURAL SELECTION BEFORE THE "ORIGIN OF SPECIES." Pro-

ceedings of the American Philosophical Society 84, 71-123, 1941.

"The history of the concept of natural selection has generally been traced back through the personal development of CHARLES DARWIN to THOMAS MALTHUS, whose



404 28. Botany

Essay on the Principles of Population gave DARWIN the clue which led him to formulate the doctrine. Actually the conception of natural selection is very old, although originally it was not used to explain the origin of new species (evolution) but to account for the existence of adaptation. The survival of the fit organism, of course, implies the survival of fitness itself, and thus natural selection can serve as an alternative explanation of those facts which are generally cited as evidences of teleology. Natural selection was used for this purpose by EMPEDOCLES (400 B. C.), LUCRETIUS (99-55 B. C.), DIDEROT

(1749), MAUPERTUIS (1756), and GEOFFREY ST.-HILAIRE (1833); but it was specifically rejected in favor of teleology by ARISTOTLE (384-21 B. C.), LACTANTIUS (260-340 A. D.), ST. ALBERTUS MAGNUS (1236), and WHEWELL (1833). Natural selection was used to explain organic evolution by WELLS (1813), MATTHEWS (1831), DARWIN (1858), and WALLACE (1858).

"As an explanation of evolution, natural selection involves a number of distinct though subordinate propositions, such as the existence of heritable variations, of population pressure, of a struggle for existence and the consequent survival of the fit or better adapted. A number of philosophers and naturalists recognized the validity of one or more of these propositions without, however, gaining any clear conception of the implications of the whole doctrine. One such component, population pressure, was described by HALE (1677), BUFFON (1751), BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1751), BONNET (1764), MON- BODDO (1773), HERDER (1784), SMELLIE (1790), MALTHUS (1798), PRICHARD (1808), WELLS (1813), MATTHEWS (1831), DE CANDOLLE (1833), LYELL (1833), GEOFFREY ST.-HILAIRE (1833), and SPENCER (1852). The struggle for existence was described by AL-JAiHIZ (9th cent.), HOBBES (1651), HALE (1677), BUFFON (1751), MONBODDO (1773), KANT (1775), HERDER (1784), SMELLIE (1790), ERASMUS DARWIN, (1794) WELLS

(1813), DE CANDOLLE (1832), LYELL (1833), and SPENCER (1852). Several eighteenth and nineteenth century scientists almost grasped the full significance of natural selection but just failed to recognize all of its implications. Among these were ROUSSEAU (1749), PRICHARD (1808, 1826), LAWRENCE (1819), GEOFFREY ST.-HILAIRE (1833), HERBERT

(1837), SPENCER (1852), and NAUDIN (1852)."

28. BOTANY

(Agronomy, Phytopathology, Palaeobotany)

BOWER, F. O.-THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. Centenary of a government institution. History of the gardens. Nature 147, 400-02, 1941.

BULLOCH, WILLIAM.-THE HISTORY OF BACTERIOLOGY. XII+422 p. London, Oxford

University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by MORRIS C. LEIKIND, Isis 31, 480-82, 1940.

FERNALD, M. L.-MUST ALL RARE PLANTS SUFFER THE FATE OF FRANKLINIA? Journal

of the Franklin Institute 226, 383-97, 1938.

GRAS, NORMAN SCOTT BRIEN.-A HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 2nd ed., 496 p. New York, CROFTS, 1940.

Reviewed by CONWAY ZIRKLE, Isis 33, 81, 1941.

NEWBERRY, PERCY EDWARD.-ON SOME AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS olea AND THE ORIGINAL HOME OF THE CULTIVATED OLIVE-TREE. Proceedings of the Linnaean So- ciety of London, session 150, 1937-38, pt. 1, 31 December 1937, 16 p., 1 pl.

Reviewed by J. CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte 15, 237, 1940.

SCHMID, ALFRED.-UEBER ALTE KRAUTERBUCHER. 75 p., ill. Bern, HAUPT, 1939.

Reviewed by OTTO GERTZ, Lychnos, 454, 1940 (in Swedish).



29. Zoology 405

VERRILL, A. HYATT.-PERFUMES AND SPICES. Including an account of soaps and cosmetics. The story of the history, source, preparation, and use of the spices, perfumes, soaps, and cosmetics which are in everyday use. xvi+304 p. Boston, PAGE, 1940.

Undocumented story, pleasantly written for the general reader, and illustrated with the author's own drawings and photographs. Followed by a glossary.-G.S.

29. ZOOLOGY

CALKINS, GARY N.; SUMMERS, FRANCIS M. (EDITORS).-PROTOZOA IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH. XLII+1150 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1941 ($10.00).

This book, which is calculated to stimulate further research upon the unicellular organisms which constitute such important agencies in the economy of this planet, is made up of twenty chapters contributed by the leading specialists in the fields upon which they write. The latest developments and discoveries in the field of protozoology are dealt with as well as the general biology of each of the organisms dealt with. Each chapter is followed by a good bibliography, and there is an exhaustive index.-M.F.A.M.

GRIFFIN, FRANCIS J.-THE FIRST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. An early chapter in

entomological history in England. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of Lon- don, series A, vol. 15, parts 7-9, 49-68, 1940.

GUDGER, E. W.-THE ALLEGED PUGNACITY OF THE SWORDFISH AND THE SPEARFISHES AS SHOWN BY THEIR ATTACKS ON VESSELS [A study of their behavior and the structures which make possible these attacks]. Memoirs of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal 12, 215-315, 9 pl., 22 fig., 1940.

Elaborate study based upon all of the materials available today from all times and places, fully documented and beautifully illustrated. It suffices to advertise the existence of such a paper; to summarize it would take too long. This latest gift is not the least of GUDGER'S innumerable contributions to the history of ichthyology. Bravo!-G.S.

GUDGER, E. W.-THE PERILS AND ROMANCE OF SWORDFISHING. The pursuit of Xiphias Gladius with the trident in the Strait of Messina. Scientific Monthly 51, 36-48, 1940.

HORN, W.; KAHLE, ILSE; KORSCHEFSKY, R.-UBER ENTOMOLOGISCHE SAMM-

LUNGEN, ENTOMOLOGEN UND ENTOMO-MUSEOLOGIE. (Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der

Entomologie) I-III. VI+536 p., 38 pl. (Entomol. Beihefte, 2-4). Berlin, FRIEDLANDER, 1935-37.

Reviewed by N. A. KEMMER, Lychnos, 455-57, 1940 (in Swedish).

HUETTNER, ALFRED F.-FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPARATIVE EMBRYOLOGY OF THE

VERTEBRATES. XVI+416 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($4.50).

An elementary presentation of comparative embryology from the point of view of morphology, by a teacher of the subject of long experience. The greater part of the extremely clear, and in many instances beautiful, illustrations are by the author. These add greatly to the value of the book. Dr. HUETTNER'S endocrinologic terminology would benefit by being brought up to date.-M.F.A.M.

LEY, WILLY.-THE LUNGFISH AND THE UNICORN. An excursion into romantic zoology. 305 p., ills. New York, Modern Age, 1941.

This is a very readable account of mythical animals such as the unicorn, the basilisk or the sea serpent; extinct ones, like the urus, wisent, great auk, giant sloth or dodo; and the so-called living fossils, such as Limulus and Latimeria, platypus, lung fish, and the remaining fauna of Gondwana. The introductory chapter is far too sketchy, un- worthy of the rest.-G.S.



406 31. Geography

LOESER, J. A.-ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR. X+178 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($2.00). This admirable book is in the direct line of succession to the Cartesian animal

mechanists and the man-mechanists of the school of LA METTRIE, recently so ably presented by Mrs. LEONORA C. ROSENFIELD in her From Beast-Machine to Man- Machine (Oxford, 1940). Dr. LOESER'S contribution is of the first importance. It is a book which will, I am sure, come to occupy an important place in the history of the controversy. In the present work, Dr. LOESER demonstrates that the activities and the behaviour of animals are, in general, as intelligently motivated as the behaviour of human beings. The instinctivistic psychology was dropped now more than twenty years ago, but nothing had thus far taken its place in the explanation of the behaviour of animals. Dr. LOESER has now most competently filled the gap. The intelligence of animals differs from our own only in degree. After many years of the observation of animal behaviour Dr. LOESER has arrived at the conclusion that "organic acts caused by simple sensations are based on the principle of free, intelligent action. The assumption of a pre- formed mechanism, whether described as impulse, instinct or by any other name, which functions with unconscious purposiveness and pursues and attains a specific biological aim with automatic certainty, has in no case been necessary or tenable." (p. 170). The book is interestingly illustrated, and there is an index. Dr. LOESER was formerly at the University of Berlin. He arrived in London in October 1938, a refugee from the horrors of the Nazi regime. Persuaded to translate his views into English, he did so, but the strain upon his health was too great and he died in London in September 1939, a victim of Nazi "culture."-M.F.A.M.

(PIERPONT MORGAN LIBRARY).-THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. Illustrated catalogue of an exhibition of manuscript illuminations, book illustrations, drawings, cylinder seals, and bindings. New York, November 19, 1940-February 28, 1941. 70 p. 11 pl. New York, 1940.

RITTER, WILLIAM EMERSON.-THE CALIFORNIA WOODPECKER AND I. A study in

comparative zoology. In which are set forth numerous facts and reflections by one of us about both of us. xvI+340 p., frontispiece, port., 28 fig. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1938.


SHULL, A. FRANKLIN.-PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY. New York, McGRAW-HILL, 1941 ($3.50).

The fifth edition of a book, written in collaboration with Professor GEORGE R. LARUE, and ALEXANDER G. RUTHVEN, President of the University of Michigan, presenting the

principles of animal biology. A most excellent feature of the book is the emphasis, throughout, upon function, and the attention which is paid to developmental and regula- tory problems. The first chapter opens with a discussion of the growth of knowledge of biology, which is a model of succinctness. Each chapter has a good bibliography, there is a glossary and an index, and the illustrations are numerous and well chosen.- M.F.A.M.

TREW, CECIL G.-FROM "DAWN" TO THE "ECLIPSE": THE STORY OF THE HORSE. 142 p., 16 pl., 100 ills. London, METHUEN, 1939.

Reviewed by M. HILZHEIMER, Antiquity 14, 322-23, 1940.

V. SCIENCES OF THE EARTH (implying knowledge of both organic and inorganic nature)

31. GEOGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

ALMAGIA, ROBERTO.-RASSEGNA SU ALCUNE QUESTIONI DIBATTUTE DI STORIA DELLA CARTOGRAFIA. Archeion 22, 361-71, 1940.



32. Geology 407

GOVE, PHILIP BABCOCK.-THE IMAGINARY VOYAGE IN PROSE FICTION. XIII +445 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1941 ($3.50).

In this work the author epitomizes and organizes all that has been written on the Imaginary Voyage, and provides the reader and student with a guide to the study of this most entertaining literary genre. A genre which has too long lain unexploited. Dr. GOVE makes a good plea for its revival. An annotated check list of 215 Imaginary Voyages from 1700 to 1800 is a valuable feature of the book, and should assist all budding aspir- ants to produce their own modern versions. In the history of science and culture, the Imaginary Voyage holds an interesting but, as yet, unanalyzed place. But before much can be done in this field we shall, at least, have to have a study of the Imaginary Voyage in the seventeenth century. There is a good bibliography and an index.- M.F.A.M.

LE DANOIS, EDOUARD.-EL ATLANTICO, HISTORIA Y VIDA DE UN OCEANO. 262 p., 54 fig., 16 pl. (Traduccion de X. ZUBIRI, con prologo de E. TERRADAS.) Buenos Aires, 1940.

Reviewed by GUSTAVO FESTER, Archeion 22, 440-41, 1940. The French original, L'Atlantique, histoire et vie d'un ocean was published by A. MICHEL (Paris 1938).

STEFANSSON, VILHJALMUR.-ULTIMA THULE. 383 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940

($3.50). This book is subtitled "Further mysteries of the Arctic," and is therefore to be re-

garded as a companion volume to the author's fascinating book of last year, Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic. In the present volume the principal "mystery" considered is whether or not it is true that COLUMBUS visited, as he claimed he did, Ultima Thule. The introductory ancillary "mystery" is provided by the claim which has been made that the Greek PYTHIAS in the fourth century B. C. had visited Ultima Thule, and the final "mystery" by the descriptions of the Arctic climate given both by PYTHIAS and COLUMBUS.

In setting out the evidence, and in discussing it, STEFANSSON brings an enormous

range of knowledge to bear upon his mysteries, together with a critical and sympathetic mind. The result is a first-rate book which, if it does not solve the problems it sets out to solve, at least makes a great advance in that direction.

There is a bibliography, several illustrations, and an index.-M.F.A.M.

32. GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY, MINING

(For Palaeobotany, Palaeozoology, and Palaeoanthropology, see respectively, 28. Botany, 29. Zoology, and 39. Prehistory.)

ENGEL, CLAIRE-ELIANE.-LA LITTERATURE ALPESTRE EN FRANCE ET EN ANGLE-

TERRE AUX XVIIIE ET XIXE SIECLES. (These.) XII +287 p., 12 pl., Chambery, DARDEL, 1930.

FISCHER, WALTHER.-MINERALOGIE IN SACHSEN VON AGRICOLA BIS WERNER. Die iltere Geschichte des Staatl. Museums fir Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden (1560- 1820). vIII+347 p., 24 pi., 28 fig. Dresden, HEINRICH, 1939.

Reviewed by ZAUNICK, Mitt. zur Gesch. d. Med. 39, 66-67, 1940.

KIRNBAUER, FRANZ.-DIE ENTWICKLUNG DES MARKSCHEIDEWESENS IM LANDE OSTERREICH. VI +154 p., 102 fig., 2 pl. (Blatter f. Technikgesch., Forschungsinstitut fir Technikgesch. in Wien, H. 7.) Wien, SPRINGER, 1940.

Reviewed by ZAUNICK, Mitt. z. Gesch. d. Med. 39, 189-90, 1940.



408 35. Physical Anthropology

NORMAN, DANIEL; JOHNSON, W. W. A. NOTE ON A SPECTROGRAPHIC STUDY OF CENTRAL AMERICAN AND ASIATIC JADES. Journal of the Optical Society of America 31, 85-86, 1941.

"A comparison of the spectrographic data with the large number of careful analyses of oriental jades published in BISHOP's jade book shows that there is no marked chemical difference between the jades of America and those of the orient-the differences are wholly mineralogical."

SAGUI, C. L.-LES MINES ANCIENNES DU LIMOUSIN (region de Saint-Yrieix). Bulletin de la Societe archeologique et historique du Limousin 78, 28 p., 1940.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L.-LES GiTES AURIFERES DU LIMOUSIN. Congres Int. des mines, metallurgie et geologie appliquee, p. 15-19, Paris, 1939.

VI. ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of man, past and present)

34. ANATOMY

MENDELSOHN, SIMON.-EMBALMING FLUIDS. IX+1]66 p. New York, Chemical Pub-

lishing Co., 1940 ($4.00). This valuable work, devoted to embalming fluids, discusses their historical develop-

ment and formulation, from the standpoint of the chemical aspects of the scientific art of preserving human remains. The chemistry, properties, technology, and details of manufacture of these fluids are fully described, and there is a valuable digest of the nature of embalming fluids for which patents have been granted extending from the years 1856 to 1938.

The chapter on the "Historical Development of the Embalming Art" (p. 1-20) is very good and informative, but the author would have profited from a reading of Prof. F. J. COLE'S "The History of Anatomical Injections" in the second volume of Studies in the History and Method of Science (Oxford, 1921, p. 285-343). It is rather surprising to find in this historical chapter no mention of alcohol as an embalming fluid, in use since 1663 when its embalming properties were first described by ROBERT BOYLE. But since, strictly speaking, alcohol is a preservative fluid rather than an embalming fluid (although it is today used as a component of many embalming fluids), the point need not be pressed. There is a useful short bibliography and an index.-M.F.A.M.

MEYER, ARTHUR WILLIAM.-THE RISE OF EMBRYOLOGY. XV+367 p., 58 pl. Stan- ford (Calif.), University Press, 1939.

Reviewed by F. H. A. MARSHALL, Nature 146, 348-49, 1940.

35. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

(Anthropometry and races of man)

GESELL, ARNOLD.-THE BIOGRAPHY OF A WOLF-CHILD. Harper's Magazine, p. 183-93, Jan. 1941.

This is an apparently well-authenticated story of a child, of two children in fact, brought up by a she-wolf. The observations were collected from 1920 to 1929 by the Rev. J. A. L. SINGH, at Midnapore.-G.S.

HOOTON, EARNEST ALBERT.-WHY MEN BEHAVE LIKE APES AND VICE VERSA. xxv+9234 p. Princeton, University Press, 1940 ($3.00).

A well-known English critic was once called upon to review a play, by a lady author, entitled "Terrible girl." His review consisted of two words, "Quite so." Now, English



35. Physical Anthropology 409

humour, as someone has said, is not to be laughed at, but Dr. HOOTON'S brand is definitely calculated to be laughed at, so that if we were to content ourselves with letting this review go with the words, "By one who ought to know," there might be some mis- understanding-as between serious and seriatim. The book comprises the Vanuxem Lectures delivered at Princeton University in February 1940, and follows much the same theme as the author's earlier books, Apes, Men and Morons and The Twilight of Man, except that in the final chapter Dr. HOOTON gives a valuable account of the important work of Dr. H. H. SHELDON on the classification of human constitution. Dr. HOOTON thinks that there are too many morons in the world, and that "The world chaos of today is due to the debased intelligence of the mass of 'civilized' men and to nothing else." In this volume he suggests that we "cease trying to make the world safe for morons, and endeavor rather to save it from them."-M.F.A.M.

HUXLEY, JULIAN.-MAN STANDS ALONE. x+297 p. New York, HARPER, 1941 ($2.75).

The three "aitches," HUXLEY, HALDANE, and HOGBEN-what would we do without them! Certainly three of the most brilliant minds, and minds of the most sterling quality, writing anywhere in the world to-day. Each one has made highly important and original contributions to science, and principally in the field of biology, and each has been elected, within a short time of one another, a Fellow of the Royal Society. As a scientist HUXLEY is perhaps the least distinguished of the three, but I think that he makes up for this as a writer and as a publicist who is always on the sound and humane side of things, as are, of course, the other two "aitches." HUXLEY is, however, less ex- treme and writes just a wee bit more attractively, and in this present collection of his essays, which have been reprinted from the periodical literature, he is seen at his best. This is undoubtedly the best collection of his essays. Each essay is a real contribution to knowledge in itself, and at the same time makes most attractive reading. The essays are entitled as follows: "The uniqueness of man" (the English edition of the book takes its title from this essay); "Eugenics and Society"; "Climate and History"; "The Concept of Race"; "The Size of Living Things"; "The Origins of Species"; "Mice and Men"; "The Way of the Dodo"; "The Courtship of Animals"; "The Intelligence of Birds"; "Science, Natural and Social"; "The Analysis of Fame"; "Scientific Humanism"; "Religion as an Objective Problem"; "Life Can be Worth Living." This delightful and informative volume would have had its usefulness increased by the presence of an index. With the exception of the inclusion of a few perfectly incomprehensible errors (such as the altogether fanciful "relics" of a breeding season among the Eskimos-no doubt, picked up from one LLEWELLYN-and suggesting that the most obvious scientific literature frequently escapes HUXLEY), the book is perfectly reliable, and contains several essays which are among the best brief discussions of the subjects with which they deal which have appeared within recent years.-M.F.A.M.

KROGMAN, WILTON MARION.-A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HUMAN MORPHOLOGY, 1914- 1939. XXXI +385 p. Chicago, University Press, 1941 ($3.00).

This is a comprehensive, well organized, and classified bibliography of human morphology with a broader inclusiveness than that connoted by physical anthropology, including titles of 1914-39 and some of earlier years. It supplements the bibliography of Prof. R. MARTIN'S Lehrbuch (1914; ed. 2, 1928) in a fuller listing of the non-German literature, a broader inclusiveness, and a continuance beyond 1928. It also includes earlier references on race, pre-history, osteology. It contains about 13,000 references classified under the main heads of method, osteology, races, prehistory, craniology, teeth, heredity, nervous system, myology, blood, hair, dermatoglyphics, phylogeny, soft parts, body type, and growth. It is least complete in the field of heredity in which the borderline literature is extensive. Reviews are cited. References have been double- checked for year, volume and page. There is an author index, an extensive table of con-



410 37. Psychology

tents, and a list of special abbreviations used for journals cited. It deserves a better binding than the frail one the publishers have afforded it.-C.A.K.

KROGMAN, WILTON MARION.-THE HUMAN FAMILY TREE. p. 790-803, figs.; Abo-

riginal physical types in the Western hemisphere, p. 804-12, figs.; The antiquity of man and his culture in the Americas, p. 813-24, figs. Ciba Symposia 3, 1941.

SAUDEK, ROBERT.-THE HANDWRITING OF IDENTICAL TWINS. Ciba Symposia 2, 717-

20, figs., 1941.

STEVENSON, ISOBEL.-TwINS AS MAGICIANS AND HEALING GODS: twin myths, p. 694-

701; Twins among primitive peoples, p. 702-05; Research on twins, p. 706-11; Twins: the psychological aspects of the problem, 712-16, Ciba Symposia 2, 1941.

WOODSON, CARTER GODWIN.-THE NEGRO IN OUR HISTORY. XXX +673 p. Wash-

ington, Associated Publishers, 1941 ($4.00). The seventh edition of the standard work on the Negro in the United States, written

by a Negro scholar and produced and published by a Negro press. It is altogether an excellent work and has, since its first publication in 1922, filled a long-felt need. More than forty thousand copies have been sold.-M.F.A.M.

36. PHYSIOLOGY (human and comparative)

BAUMANN, E. D.-HISTORISCHE BETRACHTUNGEN UBER DAS KOITUS-KONZEPTIONS- PROBLEM. 99 p. Arnhem, MISSET, 1940.

Reviewed by M. A. VAN ANDEL, Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 177-78, 1940; and by J. A. V., Janus 44, 317-18, 1940.

DRUMMOND, J. C.-HISTORICAL STUDIES OF ENGLISH DIET AND NUTRITION. Cantor lectures. Three lectures given before the Royal Society of Arts on Nov. 29th, December 6th and 13th, 1937. 39 p. London, Royal Society of Arts, 1938.

KROGH, AUGUST.-THE COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY MECHANISMS.

vII+172 p. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941 ($3.00). "In the present monograph we will not attempt to deal with all the various aspects of

respiration. The processes involved in the internal respiration and their regulation will be taken for granted, and the nervous and chemical mechanisms by which the supply of oxygen to the tissues is regulated will be considered only incidentally. What I shall en- deavour to illustrate is: (1) the enormous differences in the 'call for oxygen' shown by different organisms and under varying conditions; (2) the variations in the accessibility of oxygen in the different habitats occupied by animals; and the main theme will be: (3) the adaptation of respiratory mechanisms to these widely varying conditions."

SHERMAN, HENRY C.-CHEMISTRY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION. X +611 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($3.25).

The sixth, thoroughly revised, edition of the leading, and most readable, treatise on the chemistry of food and nutrition. Professor SHERMAN'S book is unceasingly interesting, and should be read, not alone by students and those professionally occupied with the subjects with which it deals, but by every intelligent person.-M.F.A.M.

37. PSYCHOLOGY (human and comparative)

ANTHONY, SYLVIA.-THE CHILD'S DISCOVERY OF DEATH. XXI +231 p. New York, HARCOURT, BRACE, 1940 ($3.50).



43. Sociology 411

The brilliant report and discussion of a study, carried out in England, on the development of the young child's conception of death, which abundantly demonstrates the folly of the adult's usual attitude towards the child's quest for reality in this particular connection.-M.F.A.M.

BRUNER, JEROME S.; ALLPORT, GORDON W.-FIFTY YEARS OF CHANGE IN AMERI- CAN PSYCHOLOGY. Psychological Bulletin 37, 757-76, 1940.

MASLOW, A. H.; MITTELMANN, BELA.-PRINCIPLES OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY.

x+638 p. New York, HARPER, 1941 ($3.50). A sound and very readable treatment of a complex subject.-M.F.A.M.

YOUNG, KIMBALL.-PERSONALITY AND PROBLEMS OF ADJUSTMENT. X +868 p. New

York, CROFTS, ($4.25).

A text-book of unusually wide scope. Basic reading for those who would be more than humanists-by-the-book.-M.F.A.M.

40. ETHNOLOGY

DEVEREUX, GEORGE.-PRIMITIVE PSYCHIATRY. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1194-1213, 1940.

LILLICO, JOAN.-THE USE OF ENEMATA BY PRIMITIVE PEOPLES. Annals of Medical

History 3, 55-59, 3 fig., 1941.

WIESCHOFF, H. A.-ARTIFICIAL STIMULATION OF LACTATION IN PRIMITIVE CULTURES. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1403-15, 1940.

41. SUPERSTITION AND OCCULTISM

BLACK, GEORGE F.-LIST OF WORKS IN THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY RELATING TO WITCHCRAFT IN THE UNITED STATES (Bulletin, N. Y. Public Library 12, 658-75, Nov. 1908). List of works relating to witchcraft in Europe. (Bulletin, New York Public Library 15, 727-55, Dec. 1911). A calendar of cases of witchcraft in Scotland, 1510- 1727. (New York Public Library, 102 p., 1938.)


42. ECONOMICS

(Economic doctrines and history. Commerce. Transportation and Communications)

DERAEVE, ED. A.-L'ECONOMIE ET LA SCIENCE. Revue economique internationale 3, 347-68, 1938.

SOMBART, WERNER.-WELTANSCHAUUNG, SCIENCE AND ECONOMY. IX +60 p. New York, PIEST, 1939 ($1.00).

This brilliant essay may be recommended without any reservations as the briefest, clearest and most cogent analysis of the old and the new systems of economics. It is an essay which should be read, at least, by all scientists. The translation by Mr. PHILIP JOHNSON is excellent.-M.F.A.M.

43. SOCIOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE AND POSITIVE POLITY

ANSHEN, RUTH NANDA (EDITOR).-FREEDOM. XII+686 p. New York, HARCOURT,

BRACE, 1940 ($4.00).



412 43. Sociology

It is quite impossible for me to write a review of this book, for its contents are too rich and too varied to lend themselves to resumation. Professor HERBERT SCHNEIDER has attempted this in the final essay which concludes this notable volume of more than forty contributions to the discussion of the meaning of freedom. The brilliant Prologue of the editor, Miss ANSHEN, is followed by contributions, almost all of which are of outstanding quality-the essay of CROCE is undoubtedly one of the noblest pieces which have come from the pen of that thinker-by the following thinkers, SHOTWELL, CROCE, MANN, BERNSTEIN, WHITEHEAD, CORWIN, JAMES TRUSLOW ADAMS, HU SHIH, TILLICH, GILSON, MILLIKAN, CONKLIN, ALVIN JOHNSON, KINGDON, BIRKHOFF, RUS-

SELL, RALPH BARTON PERRY, MACIVER, BEARD, JOHN M. CLARK, SALVEMINI, BRAN-

DEIS, DEWEY, BOAS, EINSTEIN, STEFANSSON, RALPH W. GERARD, PHELPS, HENRY A. WALLACE, J. B. S. HALDANE, RYAN, BRIGHTMAN, MACMURRY, BRIDGMAN, RIEZLER,

WERTHEIMER, MONTAGUE, CHARLES MORRIS, DEMOS, BERGSON, MARITAIN, and SCHNEIDER. This catalogue of contributors should be, and in the present instance is, a guarantee of the high quality of the contents of this very valuable tract for our times.- M.F.A.M.

BARNES, HARRY ELMER; BECKER, HOWARD.-SOCIAL THOUGHT FROM LORE TO SCIENCE. Volume I, A history and interpretation of man's ideas about life with his fel- lows. xIv +790+LXXIV p. Volume II, Sociological trends throughout the world,

vIII+p. 791-1178+LXXVII p. Boston, HEATH, 1938.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, Isis 31, 485, 1940.

BLOOM, SOLOMON F.-THE WORLD OF NATIONS. 225 p. New York, Columbia Univer-

sity Press, 1941 ($2.50).

A valuable examination of the Marxian theory of nations and the relation beween national and socialist movements in our own day.-M.F.A.M.

BOGARDUS, EMORY S.-SOCIOLOGY. XII +567 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941

($3.00). A new edition of a standard work on sociology which, more consistently than any

other in the field, treats the social group as the centre of human interaction within which human personalities develop. The book possesses the supreme value of stimulating its students to the practical application of the truths which it teaches. There are good bibliographies and reference lists and a full index.-M.F.A.M.

BOODIN, JOHN ELOF.-THE SOCIAL MIND. XIII +593 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1939

($3.50).

The Social Mind is subtitled "Foundations of Social Philosophy," and that is what this great book is about. This work is Professor BOODIN'S crowning achievement, and in bringing it to fruition he has produced what is perhaps the leading work on sociological idealism of our time. "I can offer no Utopia," writes Professor BOODIN. "It is, has always been, and will always be a dangerous world in which man lives. No one would say it is the best possible world. But it cannot be the worst possible, if we can make it better. To accept the world as it is, is treason to the future. It is lying down on our job. But a world which gives the opportunity for creativeness-plastic to man's hope and faith and courage-may be the best sort of world for human beings after all. It is our destiny to be creators, and, by the grace of God, to help create the future. To fail to be creators is to make the universe fail. When we create greater harmony we are working with the universe" (p. 559). In those words lie the keynote of this noble and learned book, a book in which sound reason, great and varied experience and a profound humanity com- bine to make a truly inspiring testament.-M.F.A.M.



43. Sociology 413

CAMPBELL, OSCAR JAMES; VAN GUNDY, JUSTINE; SHRODES, CAROLINE.- PATTERNS FOR LIVING. XXII +1306 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($2.75).

This anthology, designed for college students of English, is a most admirable compendium through which the theme of humanism runs like a gentle stream. The numerous articles, poems, essays, and excerpta from, for the most part, contemporary literature make excellent reading, and the notes for reading and writing at the end of the volume are most efficiently devised to stimulate thinking as well as reading and writing. There is a list of biographical notes and an index, and each section of the book is followed by a list of titles for suggested further reading. Science and philosophy are well represented, and at the price for which this book is offered it is a miracle of publishing.-M.F.A.M.

DOOB, LEONARD W.-THE PLANS OF MEN. XIII+411 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1940. ($3.00).

A book which does not achieve its purpose: "to evaluate the difficulties and the po- tentialities of planning by means of social science." It presents a positivistic code of values which is implicitly taken as self-evident. The bulk of the work is discursive and unanalytical.-R.K.M.

HOCKETT, HOMER CAREY.-POLITICAL AND SOCIAL GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN

PEOPLE, 1492-1865. XXI+861 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($3.25).

The first and second editions of this valuable work were published respectively in 1925 and 1933. The present edition is the third, but it is now enlarged to cover the period up to the end of the Civil War, whereas the former editions terminated with the year 1852. This change has necessitated some compression, but this, if anything, has improved the already high quality of the book. Illustrations have been added, and most of the maps redrawn. Each chapter is followed by a select bibliography, and at the end of the book these are alphabetically listed in a list of books. There is an excellent index.-M.F.A.M.

MERTON, ROBERT K.-KARL MANNHEIM AND THE SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE. Journal

of Liberal Religion 2, 23 p., 1941.

MERTON, ROBERT K.-BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE AND PERSONALITY. Social Forces

18, 9 p., 1940.

PEARSE, A. S.-HELL'S BELLS. 121 p. Durham, N. C., Seeman Printery, 1941 ($2.00). Professor A. S. PEARSE is a distinguished ecologist, and in the present little book it is

of interest to read him on quite another subject-human beings. His reflections are apparently intended for a general audience, and are well worth reading. For the student of human culture the book has much of value, and not least as an example of the kind of confusion into which the special scientist falls when he turns to the consideration of social phenomena.-M.F.A.M.

POLANYI, M.-THE CONTEMPT OF FREEDOM. The Russian experiment and after. Ix +116

p. London, WATTS, 1940 (5s.). "After a searching analysis of the achievements claimed for the U.S.S.R. in econom-

ics, social reconstruction, and culture, Professor POLANYI shows that comprehensive social planning implies the destruction of the spiritual contents and the economic organization of civilized life. A'convincing plea for individualism as a limitation on planning, by a distinguished man of science."

RADIN, MAX.-LAW AS LOGIC AND EXPERIENCE. IX +171 p. New Haven, Yale Univer-

sity Press, 1940 ($2.00). Lectures delivered on the Storrs Foundation at Yale Law School in April 1940. Pro-

fessor RADIN discourses wittily and ihformatively of the law in relation to the individual



414 44. Iistory of Civilization

and society, claiming some humanity for the law, but adding that the law is no more human than the society from which it springs ... to this one could agree if Professor RADIN would add "no more human than the lowest level of humanity of the society from which it springs." The law, even more than the poor, will always be with us, and if only we could look forward to the day when most lawyers would be like Professor RADIN, humane, honest and cultured ... .-M.F.A.M.

THORNDIKE, E. L.-HUMAN NATURE AND THE SOCIAL ORDER. XX +1019 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($4.00).

In this large and important book Professor THORNDIKE "presents certain facts and principles of psychology which students of sociology, economics, government, law, and other sciences of human affairs need to know." The field covered is nothing less than human nature, its character and functioning in relation to our social order, and it is all most efficiently done, and very readable. Professor THORNDIKE presents the facts clearly and interestingly, and I can think of no one who would not benefit from a reading of his presentation of them. Throughout the book there are to be found specific pro- posals for reform in the various phases of human society, and these are synoptically presented in the final chapter on Human Nature and Reform. There are several useful appendices and a good index.-M.F.A.M.

WIESE, LEOPOLD VON.-SOCIOLOGY. xx+136 p. New York, PIEST, 1941 ($1.50).

A very useful presentation of VON WIESE'S theory of social relations, by means of authorized translations of several of his most characteristic articles, competently edited and annotated by Dr. FRANZ H. MUELLER.-M.F.A.M.

44. HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION

(General history, Historical methods, Biography and Chronology)

(POWICKE, F. M., CHIEF EDITOR).-INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORICAL

ScIENCES.-Thirteenth year, 1938. Edited for the International Committee of His- torical Sciences, Oxford. xxIx+425 p. New York, WILSON, 1941.

This volume includes 5584 items, duly classified and indexed.

READ, CONYERS (EDITOR).-LIST OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS IN HISTORY now in

progress at universities in the United States and the Dominion of Canada. With an appendix of other research projects in history now in progress in the United States and in Canada. December 1940, 54 p. Supplement to American Historical Review, 46, 1941.

SALVEMINI, GAETANO.-HISTORIAN AND SCIENTIST. IX +203 p. Cambridge, Harvard

University Press, 1940.


SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR MEIER.-POLITICAL AND SOCIAL GROWTH OF THE AMERI- CAN PEOPLE, 1865-1940. XXI +783 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($3.25).

This admirable book by the professor of history at Harvard University traces the course of American history from the close of the Civil War through the presidential election of 1940. The book is well written, well illustrated and more than well worth reading. The development of science in America is given a balanced treatment. There are good bibliographies and reading lists, and an index.-M.F.A.M.

WARE, CAROLINE F. (EDITOR).-THE CULTURAL APPROACH TO HISTORY. IX +357 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($3.50).



48. History of Philosophy 415

This admirable volume has been edited by Miss WARE for The American Historical Association, and by way of preface to its interesting contents Miss WARE has contributed an illuminating introduction in which she briefly discusses the background of historical writing and the significance of the modern cultural approach. It is a brilliant essay in itself. Thirty-six contributions to various aspects of the subject are arranged under six parts, as follows: Techniques of cultural analysis; Cultural groups; Cultural institutions; The cultural role of ideas; The dynamics of cultural change; and The sources and materials for the study of cultural history. Such a brief notice can hardly serve to convey any impression of the value and importance of this extremely interesting volume. It is bound to have a very great influence, and should be widely read. There is a good index.-M.F.A.M.

46. HISTORY OF LANGUAGE, WRITING AND LITERATURE

BRYAN, MARGARET M.; RANKIN, JANET.-PSYCHOLOGY OF ENGLISH. 229 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($2.50).

This is a brilliant and scholarly study of the changing processes of language in relation to those subtle, and often intangible, changes in culture which we generally call changes in human nature. Human thought and behaviour do remarkable things to linguistic processes, and on the whole these seem to be vastly more efficient than the formal rules of grammar and logic would allow. Writers, readers and thinkers of "academese" would be well advised to purchase this book-and read it-M.F.A.M..

NAT, JAN.--DE STUDIE VAN DE OOSTERSCHE TALEN IN NEDERLAND IN DE 18E EN DE 19E

EEUW (The study of oriental languages in the Netherlands in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries). (Amsterdam doctoral thesis.) 188 p., port. Purmerend, MUUSSES, 1929 (in Dutch).


NEFF, EMERY.-A REVOLUTION IN EUROPEAN POETRY, 1660-1900. XI +279 p. New

York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($3.00). This remarkable volume, beautifully written and conceived, is really a history of the

spiritual and cultural development of Europe since the Renaissance as mirrored through the poetry of England, France, Germany and Italy. It is extraordinarily well done, and the comparative chronology, the bibliography and index together with the text render Professor NEFF'S book an indispensable aid to the student of European civilization since the Renaissance.-M.F.A.M.

PANCONCELLI-CALZIA, GIULIO.-PHONETIK UND KULTUR. 78 p. 1938. QUELLENAT- LAS ZUR GESCHICHTE DER PHONETIK, 86 p., 1940.

Reviewed by J. A. V., Janus 44, 316-17, 1940.

48. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

(See also above 18. Philosophy of Science.)

MEAD, GEORGE HERBERT (1863-1931).-THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE ACT. Edited, with introduction, by CHARLES W. MORRIS, et al. LXXIX +696 p. University of Chicago Press, 1938.

Reviewed by R. K. MERTON, Isis 31, 482-83, 1940.

SHOREY, PAUL.-PLATONISM ANCIENT AND MODERN. 259 p. (Sather Classical Lectures, 14.) Berkeley, University of California Press, 1938.

Reviewed by AUBREY DILLER, Isis 31, 483-85, 1940.



416 49. History of Religion

SMITH, T. V.; GREENE, MARJORIE.-FRoM DESCARTES TO KANT: Readings in the

philosophy of the Renaissance and Enlightenment. vIII+899 p. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1940.

A source-book, evidently intended for undergraduate students of philosophy, which may help to acquaint them with philosophic writings all-too-often known only at second remove. The various selections are prefaced by lucid discussions of the intellectual background from which the authors emerged. The materials deal chiefly with metaphysical and methodological problems and, to a lesser extent, with ethical and political subjects. Brief selections from GALILEO'S Dialogues and NEWTON'S Principia are included, but BOYLE is mentioned only in passing. Well-chosen selections from ERASMUS, BACON,

DESCARTES, HOBBES, SPINOZA, LEIBNIZ, LOCKE, BERKELEY, HUME and KANT condense much in little and provide a conspectus of inquiries into the organization of cognitive experience. There is no index. Brief lists of suggested readings are appended to each section.-R.K.M.

WRIGHT, WILLIAM KELLEY.-A HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY. xvi+633 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1941 ($3.00).

"The primary purpose of this book is to introduce the history of modern occidental philosophy to college undergraduates who have had little or no previous acquaintance with philosophy, as well as to general readers not in attendance upon classes." The book follows a thoroughly classical pattern and will no doubt prove useful to the kind of readers into whose hands it will fall.-M.F.A.M.

49. HISTORY OF RELIGION (Science and Religion)

ADAMS, CHARLES C.-THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM'S HISTORICAI, SURVEY AND COLLECTION OF THE NEW YORK SHAKERS. New York Museum Bulletin 323. (One hundred third Annual Report of the N. Y. State Museum), p. 77-111, 42 pi., 2 diagrams, 1941.

HAYDON, A. EUSTACE.-BIOGRAPHY OF THE GODS. xIII+352 p. New York, MAC-

MILLAN, 1941 ($2.50).

An excellent book by the Professor of History of Religions at the University of Chicago, which, in a most attractive manner, tells the story of the growth, development and meaning of the religions, the most dominant religions and their gods, as they are wor- shipped at the present day. This is truly a beautiful book, sane, sound, scholarly, readable and humane, and it cannot be too highly recommended to general reader and scholar alike.-M.F.A.M.

LOOMIS, C. GRANT.-HAGIOLOGICAL HEALING. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 636-42, 1940.

MARTIN, CECIL P.-THE DECLINE OF RELIGION. 253 p. London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1940.

"Perhaps it may seem rather foolish for a Professor of Anatomy to venture into such controversial subjects as questions of religion and faith. But in my excuse I may plead the fact that many of my scientific colleagues avail themselves of every opportunity for expressing their opinions which are frequently very anti-religious. The majority of modern scientists, especially the biologists, are frank and avowed materialists and lose no chance for the expression of materialistic views. Some of them are open and honest atheists, others do not come so boldly into the open but by innuendo and implication do all in their power to ridicule and attack all religious beliefs. I may then be pardoned for trying to express opinions of a rather different kind, especially as I am convinced that the present anti-religious movement is founded on mistakes and misconceptions and can only lead to an increase of human sorrow and misery."



50. Medicine 417

VII. MEDICINE

50. HISTORY, ORGANIZATION, AND PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE

BASHFORD, HENRY (EDITOR).-DOCTORS IN SHIRT SLEEVES. LX +294 p. New York, PIEST, 1940 ($2.50).

Twenty-five essays by working physicians, surgeons and medical teachers, reprinted from the Lancet. The essays, on the whole, make delightful reading and are full of interesting little sidelights on the practice of medicine in years past.-M.F.A.M.

BERTRAM, HANS.-DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER PSYCHIATRIE IN ALTERTUM UND MITTEL- ALTER. Janus 44, 81-122, 1940.

BOERS, KRISTEN.-DANSK VETERINAER FOLKEMEDICIN (Hest og Kvaeg). 271 p. (Dansk veterinaerhistorisk Aarbog 1939, 1. Udgivet af Dansk Veterinaerhistorisk Sam- fund.). Horsens, Expres-trykkeriet, 1939.

Reviewed by W. HALLGREN, Lychnos, 478-79, 1940 (in Swedish).

BURNET, F. M.-BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. XI+310 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($3.75).

There can be not the least doubt that this is the best work, in any shape or form, which has ever been written on the biological aspects of infectious disease. Dr. BURNET, who is Assistant Director of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, at Melbourne, Australia, has written a very notable book. In the first place he has achieved the very difficult task of making what he has to say perfectly clear to the uninitiated reader, and, at the same time, has written an authoritative treatise which, with its long overdue point of view from the standpoint of the biologist rather than that of the medical man, will be greatly wel- comed by all who are in any way interested in the processes of disease. The book is delightfully written and continuously interesting. There is an index.-M.F.A.M.

DENTON, GEORGE B.-THE BEGINNINGS AND GROWTH OF DENTAL LIBRARIES. Pro-

ceedings of the Dental Centenary Celebration, 241-51, 9 fig., 1940.

DITTRICK, HOWARD.-MEDICAL HISTORY COLLECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. II. Collections in Cleveland, Ohio. Bulletin of the History of Mecicine 8, 1214- 45, 13 fig., 1940.

DREWS, ROBERT S.-THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL THOUGHT. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 874-908, 1940.

FISCHER, I.-THE DOCTRINE OF METASTASIS IN THE LAPSE OF TIMES. Janus 44, 173-84, 1940.

FULTON, JOHN F.-NEUROLOGY AND WAR. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 8, 157-65, 1940.

GALDSTON, IAGO.-THE CONCEPT OF THE SPECIFIC IN MEDICINE. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 9, 25-34, 1941.

GALDSTON, IAGO.-DIAGNOSIS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 367-84, 1941.

GALDSTON, IAGO.-PROGRESS IN MEDICINE, a critical review of the last hundred years. Foreword by HENRY E. SIGERIST. New York, KNOPF, 1940.

Reviewed in Annals of Medical History 3, 171-72, 1941.



418 50. Medicine

GOLDHAHN, RICHARD.-SPITAL UND ARZT VON EINST BIS JETZT. 188 p., 40 ill.

Stuttgart, ENKE, 1940.

Reviewed by O. T. HULT, Lychnos, 469, 1940 (in Swedish).

GRAHAM, EVARTS A.-Two CENTURIES OF SURGERY. Studies in the History of Science,

p. 65-87, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

GUTTENTAG, OTTO ERNST.-THE PHRASE, "ART AND SCIENCE OF MEDICINE." Cali-

fornia and Western Medicine 50, 5 p., 1939.

GUTTENTAG, OTTO ERNST.-TRENDS TOWARD HOMEOPATHY, PRESENT AND PAST. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 1172-93, 1940.

HULT, O. T.-LA FRANCE ET LA MEDECINE SUEDOISE AUX XVIE ET XVIIE SIECLES.

Lychnos, 274-99 (in Swedish), 300-01 (French summary), 1940.

LASTRES, JUAN B.-TERREMOTOS, HOSPITALES Y EPIDEMIAS DE LA LIMA COLONIAL. Archeion 22, 141-53, 1940.

LEIKIND, MORRIS C.-THE DISCOVERY OF PATHOGENIC GERMS: Ancient ideas of infec-

tion; The invention of the microscope and the discovery of bacteria; Spontaneous generation and fermentation; The final victory. Ciba Symposia 2, 726-54, 1941.

LEWIS, NOLAN D.-A SHORT HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC ACHIEVEMENT. 275 p. New York, NORTON, 1941 ($3.00).

The Thomas William Salmon Lectures delivered at the New York Academy of Medi- cine by the Professor of Psychiatry at Columbia University. "No attempt" writes Dr. LEWIS, "has been made to present the complete history of psychiatry as it would be written by a medical historian, or by one whose main interests have been in the historical developments of the subject; hence, many workers and their accomplishments have been omitted." The book is, frankly, a very pedestrian performance indeed, such as any "medico" might have produced after looking up a few articles and looking through some encyclopaedias. Where Dr. LEWIS has to present the views and achievements of others he is uniformly flat, and when he refers to the subject matter of sciences outside his own field he is generally most grievously wrong. The second paragraph of his first chapter, for example, contains almost as many errors as words. But when, as in his last chapter, Dr. LEWIS has no one to rely upon but himself, he writes sixty pages of the most interesting, stimulating and constructive discussion of the "Prospects for Future Achievements in Psychiatric Research." It is this chapter which represents the real contribution of this book and makes it worth while.-M.F.A.M.

MILLER, GENEVIEVE (EDITOR).-BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA-1940. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 436-67, 1941.

(NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE).-THE MARCH OF MEDICINE. Number V of the New York Academy of Medicine Lectures to the Laity. xII+154 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1941 ($2.).

Interpretative essays explaining some of the most important trends of medicine: I. The inheritance of mental disease, by ABRAHAM MYERSON; II. Chemical warfare

against disease, by PERRIN H. LONG; III. The story of our knowledge of the blood, by PAUL REZNIKOFF; IV. The story of viruses, by THOMAS M. RIVERS; V. The ascent from Bedlam, by RICHARD H. HUTCHINGS; VI. The romance of bronchoscopy, by CHEVALIER JACKSON and CHEVALIER L. JACKSON.



51. Epidemiology 419

I have read the whole book with deep interest. The articles are not equally well written, but all are well informed and readable.-G.S.

PAZZINI, ADALBERTO.-BIBLIOGRAFIA DI STORIA DELLA MEDICINA ITALIANA. 455 p., ill. ("Enciclopedia biografica e bibliografica Italiana," ser. 31: La medicina, 1). Milan, TosI, 1939.

Reviewed by TONNES KLEBERG, Lychnos, 466-67, 1940 (in Swedish).

ROBINSON, VICTOR.-EXAMINATION IN THE HISTORY OF OTOLOGY. Laryngoscope, 15

p., April 1941.

ROBINSON, VICTOR.-THE PHYSICIAN AS EXPLORER IN ASIA. Ciba Symposia 2, 626-32, 1940.

ROLLESTON, SIR HUMPHRY.-HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE CITY OF LONDON. Annals of Medical History 3, 1-17, 3 fig., 1941.

SANDRA, H.-VAN NARCOSE IN VROEGERE EEUWEN. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der

geneeskunde 90, 169-76, 1941.

On artificial anaesthesia.-G.S.

SHRYOCK, RICHARD H.-THE RISE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE. Studies in the

History of Science, 55-64, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

SIGERIST, HENRY E.-THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE. The Western Journal of

Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8 p., Dec. 1940.

STUMKE, HANS.-BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER INTERNATIONALEN KONGRESSE UND VERBANDE. In der preuss. Staatsbibl. bearb. Bd. I: Medizin. Ix+281 p. Leipzig, HARRASSOWITZ, 1939.

TISCHNER, RUDOLF.-GESCHICHTE DER HOMOOPATHIE. I-IV. VIII+837 p., ill. Leip-

zig, SCHWALBE, 1932-39.

Reviewed by O. T. HULT, Lychnos, 469-71, 1940 (in Swedish).

WEINBERGER, BERNHARD WOLF.-DID DENTISTRY EVOLVE FROM THE BARBERS, BLACKSMITHS OR FROM MEDICINE? Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 965-1011, 9 fig., 1940.

51. EPIDEMIOLOGY, HISTORY OF SPECIAL DISEASES

MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY. PUBLIC HEALTH, BALNEOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEDICINE

CHILDS, ST. JULIEN RAVANEL.-MALARIA AND COLONIZATION IN THE CAROLINA Low COUNTRY (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Sci-

ence). Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1940.

Reviewed in Annals of Medical History 3, 88-89, 1941.

COOPER, WILLIAM A.-THE HISTORY OF THE RADICAL MASTECTOMY. Annals of Medical

History 3, 36-54, 10 fig., 1941.

GALDSTON, IAGO.-HUMANISM AND PUBLIC HEALTH. Bulletin of the History of Medi-

cine 8, 1032-40, 1940.

JONES, GEORGE W.-AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE with special reference to its histology and characteristic cells. Annals of Medical History 2, 471-81, 1940.



420 54. Education

MARR, JAMES PRATT.-HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE TREATMENT OF PLACENTA

PRAEVIA. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9, 258-93, 1941.

ROMANO, JOHN.-EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF DELIRIUM TREMENS.

Annals of Medical History 3, 128-39, 5 fig., 1941.

SCUDDER, JOHN.-SHOCK: blood studies as a guide to therapy. xvII+315 p., 55 ills. Philadelphia, 1940.

This important technical consideration contains an admirable survey of the historical developments in the conception and treatment of shock (p. 198-235). This is arranged in chronological order and deals further with historical developments in knowledge of effects of potassium and the functions of the adrenal glands. Bibliography of 533 references covers the subject thoroughly.-C.D.L.

TEMKIN, OWSEI.-HEALTH EDUCATION THROUGH THE AGES. American Journal of Pub- lic Health 30, 1091-95, 1940.

52. HISTORY OF HOSPITALS, OF MEDICAL TEACHING,

AND OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

NAPJUS, J. W.-DE HOOGLEERAREN IN DE GENEESKUNDE AAN DE HOOGESCHOOL EN HET

ATHENAEUM TE FRANEKER (1585-1843). XX. FREDERIK WINTER. Bijdragen tot de

geschiedenis der geneeskunde 21, 1-7, 1 pi., 1941.

SIGERIST, HENRY E.-TRENDS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION. A program for a new medical school. Bull. of the Hist. of Med. 9, 177-98, 1 fig., 1941.

53. PHARMACY. PHARMACOLOGY. TOXICOLOGY.

WOOD, H. C.; LAWALL, C. H.; YOUNGKEN, H. W.; OSOL, A.; GRIFFITH, I.; GER- SHENFELD, L.-THE DISPENSATORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. XIX + 1894

p., +76 p. supplement. Philadelphia, LIPPINCOTT, 1940.

The Dispensatory of the United States was first published by GRIGG and ELLIOT of Philadelphia in 1833 with GEORGE B. WOOD and FRANKLIN BACHE as editors. It is an extraordinary mine of information, both technical and historical, regarding drug preparations from natural sources as well as synthetic chemicals used as drugs. With respect to crude drug preparations, it offers helpful information regarding the history of such use and then gives precise references to the historical facts concerning the isolation of the chemically pure active principles.-C.D.L.

VIII. EDUCATION (the methods of accumulating, imparting and diffusing knowledge) 54. EDUCATION (Generalities, Methods, Colleges, Universities)

BONAVIT, JULIAN.-HISTORIA DE COLEGIO PRIMITIVO Y NACIONAL DE SAN NICOLAS DE HIDALGO. 344 p. Morelia, Mich., Departamento de Extensi6n Universitaria, 1940.

Reviewed by JosE BABINI, Archeion 22, 358-59, 1940.

COLE, F. J.-THE UNIVERSITY OF LEYDEN. Contributions to biology and medicine. Nature 147, 161-63, 1941.

JACKSON, L. C.-THE UNIVERSITY OF LEYDEN. Contributions to physics and chemistry. Nature 147, 163-64, 1941.

MOORE, CLEMENT CLARKE.-THE EARLY HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE. XXII

+41 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($1.00).



56. Bibliography 421

The facsimile edition of an address delivered 4 May, 1895 by CLEMENT CLARKE MOORE before the Alumni of Columbia College. MOORE (1779-1863), who was the author of a notable work, A Compendious Lexicon of the Hebrew Language (1809), and the still more renowned "'Twas the Night before Christmas," in this address runs briefly over the early history of Columbia College, and makes many shrewd comparisons between the American and English "systems" of education.-M.F.A.M.

PIRENNE, HENRI.-LEs UNIVERSITES AMERICAINES. 31 p. New York, Belgian Ameri- can Educational Foundation (new ed. 1939).

WILLARD, JULIUS TERRASS.-HISTORY OF THE KANSAS STATE COLLEGE OF AGRI- CULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE. viii +568 p., ills., port. Manhattan, Kansas, Kansas State College Press, 1940 ($2.00).

This is a collection of data concerning the evolution of a state university in an agrarian society during the period of rapid advance in the sciences and their techniques. It is factual, chronological, biographical, and administrative in content, rather than comparative and interpretive. The author was too much a part of this routine to sense the direction in which the institution was moving and to relate this process to general social, political, industrial, and educational changes. This history illustrates the trend of popular control toward techniques rather than to principles, the follies of political control of scientific education, and the real progress and structure built up under President FAIR- CHILD who fostered humanities and fields of general culture along with provision for the basic laboratory sciences on which agriculture and all applications of science depend for growth and wise direction. This period, 1858-1937, is a historical episode in the evolution of a state agricultural college, apart from the state university, and apart from the broadening influences of a metropolitan area. It illustrates the interaction of a rural society of the better sort with the problems of its own scientific growth, but the reader will have to draw his own conclusions.-C.A.K.

WILSON, J. WALTER.-ODD STICKS. American Biology Teacher 3, 121-24, 1941.

[YOUNG, ROBERT FITZGIBBON].-REPORT OF THE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON

SECONDARY EDUCATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GRAMMAR SCHOOLS AND TECH-

NICAL HIGH SCHOOLS. XXXVIII+477 p. London, Board of Education, 1938.


55. ACADEMIES, SOCIETIES, CONGRESSES. NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SCIENCE.

(Societies and congresses devoted to particular sciences are classified under those sciences. For the internal organization of science-Isis I, 195-see section 17.)

FRIES, ROB. E.-ON THE ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION OF THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY

OF SCIENCES. A speech delivered at the festival meeting celebrating the bicentenary of the Academy on the 11th of October, 1939. 7 p. Stockholm, 1940.

HOLMBERG, ARNE.-BICENTENAIRE DE L'ACADEMIE ROYALE DES SCIENCES DE SUEDE,

annee 1939. Rapport elabore sur la demande du Comite du Jubile. 118 p., 1 pl. Stock- holm, 1939.

56. BIBLIOGRAPHY (Methods, Libraries)

ALDIS, HARRY G.-THE PRINTED BOOK. x +14 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1941

($1.50).



58. Catalogues

ALDIS'S The Printed Book was first published in 1916 and at once established itself in the affection of all bookmen. Since then it has been reprinted three times, and now appears in a second edition, revised and brought up to date, by JOHN CARTER and E. A. CRUTCHLEY. The revision has been admirably done, and there has been a substantial rewriting of several chapters. The new illustrations are a great improvement, and the examples illustrating the development of type faces given at the end of the book represent a new and welcome feature of the present edition, as does the list of books recommended for further reading. From the advent of printing and its diffusion to the handling and mishandling of books, the whole subject of the book is comprehensively covered, in a most readable, informative and attractive manner in this true manual which will comfortably fit into the pocket, and ought to be carried there by all who are in the least interested in books, as a breviary for their daily collect. There is no breviary on the book as good as this, and anyone who fails to make himself an owner of a copy will do himself a real disservice. The book has been printed by the Cambridge University Press with their usual skill and good taste. The index is excellent, and the editors deserve the thanks of amateur, budding and established bookmen for the skill with which they have edited the new Aldis.-M.F.A.M.

CANNON, CARL L.-AMERICAN BOOK COLLECTORS AND COLLECTING. xi+399 p. New

York, WILSON, 1941 ($3.00).

This very attractively written book is most welcome. In most readable fashion Mr. CANNON presents us with the essential facts about the leading American book collectors and their collections, as well as with the story of the process of book collecting itself. As Mr. CANNON points out, "Too little consideration has perhaps been given in the past to the part played by private collectors in increasing the cultural resources of this new nation or to the rapidity with which America has emerged from destitution to comparative bookish affluence." Mr. CANNON'S book is a history of that emergence from the seventeenth century to the year 1930. It is a book which no one who is interested in books can afford to be without, and the scholar will find in it a considerable amount of information about books and American libraries which is not elsewhere available in such readily usable form. The index is excellent.-M.F.A.M.

LEHMANN-HAUPT, HELLMUT.-SEVENTY BOOKS ABOUT BOOKMAKING. v +60 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1941 ($1.00).

An excellent little introduction to the art and appreciation of good printing and bookmaking.-M.F.A.M.

SMITH, ROBERT C.-COLONIAL PRINTING IN MEXICO. Catalog of an exhibition held at the Library of Congress in 1939 commemorating the four hundredth anniversary of printing in the New World. 60 p., 2 facs. Washington, D. C., U. S. Govt. Printing Office, 1939.

The earliest Mexican book extant was printed in Mexico City in 1544. From that date to the end of the Colonial period (1821) more than 14,000 books were published in Mexico. The catalog describes 85 items, printed most of them in Mexico City, a few in Puebla and Veracruz.-G.S.

58. CATALOGUES OF SECOND-HAND BOOKS ON THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many catalogues of second-hand books are so interesting and so full of valuable information that we shall henceforth register them in this section, together with other lists of a similar nature, such as catalogues of scientific medals and prints. When apply- ing to the publishers of these catalogues for a copy, please mention Isis.



58. Catalogues

(ARGOSY BOOK STORES).-MEDICAL BOOKS OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE. Cat. no. 173, 211 items. New York, 114 E. 59th St. (received Dec. 1940).

(DAVIS & ORIOLI).-OLD ENGLISH MEDICAL BOOKS FROM THE LIBRARY of Dr. H. J. NORMAN. Cat. 100, 567 items. Wallingford, Berks., 1 St. Martins St., England (received June 1941).

(DAVIS & ORIOLI).-RARE BOOKS, including a XV century scientific MS, a chained

binding, LEGAGNEUR: Technographie, 1599; GALLESIO: Pomona italiana, a XVI cen-

tury lace-book; first editions of GALILEO and HEVELIUS; HUYGENS: Trait de la lumiere, 1690. Cat. 95, 33 p. 435 items. Wallingford, Berks., 1 St. Martins St., England (received December 1940).

(DAVIS & ORIOLI).-RARE BOOKS, RECENTLY PURCHASED, with an appendix of Vic- torian "Penny Dreadfuls" and popular periodicals from the library of Dr. NORMAN. Catalogue 97, 36 p., 412 items. Wallingford, Berks., 1 St. Martins St., England (received Feb. 1941).

(DAVIS & ORIOLI).-HISTORICAL BOOKS ON GENETICS, EVOLUTION AND HEREDITY. From the collection of Prof. R. C. PUNNETT, F. R. S. Cat. 98, 233 items. Wallingford, Berks., 1 St. Martins St., England (received May 1941).

(DAVIS & ORIOLI).-RARE BOOKS, INCLUDING EARLY SPANISH BOOKS, ITALIAN LITERA-

TURE, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE; with a selection of books on witchcraft from the library of Dr. NORMAN. Cat. 99, 435 items. Wallingford, Berks., England, 1 St. Martins St.,

England (received May 1941).

(GEORGE, WILLIAM).-BOOKS ON FOLK-LORE AND MYTHOLOGY, occult sciences and kindred subjects, Egypt and Egyptology. No. 458, 1338 items. Bristol 1; 89 Park St., 1941.

(GOLDSCHMIDT, E. P.)-EARLY BOTANY AND HERBALS. Old medicine and science. Cat. 60. 326 items. London W. 1, 45 Old Bond St. (received Dec. 1940).

(HOOSIER BOOKSHOP).-AMERICANA, MEDICINE, MISCELLANEOUS. List no. 85. 216 items. Indianapolis, Indiana, 2135 North Alabama (received May 1941).

(HOOSIER BOOKSHOP).-AMERICANA. The development of the nation, especially of the Middle West, evidenced by books, pamphlets, maps. List no. 82, 232 items. Indian-

apolis, 2135 North Alabama (received Jan. 1941).

(HOOSIER BOOKSHOP).-SURGERY. A catalogue of representative works in American surgical literature with a small group of foreign contributions to the subject. List no. 83, 27 p., 284 items. Indianapolis, 2135 North Alabama (received April 1941).

(HOOSIER BOOKSHOP).-MEDICINE. Books and pamphlets on scientific subjects, historical and practical. List 61. 214 items. Indianapolis, Indiana, 2135 North Alabama, (received December 1940).

(INTERNATIONAAL ANTIQUARIAAT) .-CATALOGUE 104. History of medicine. 758 items. Amsterdam, Keizersgracht 610 (received May 1941).

(KRAUS, H. P.).-HISTORY OF SCIENCE & MEDICINE. Illustrated books, mostly of the XVth and XVIth centuries. 20th catalogue, 166 items, 78 p. New York City, 64 E. 55th St. (received Dec. 1940).

423



424 59. Memoria Technica

(KRAUS, H. P.).-FIFTY RARE & IMPORTANT BOOKS. 50 p., facsimiles. New York, 64 E. 55th St. (received June 1941).

(LOW, DAVID).-CATALOGUE 37, 1040 items. London, W.C. 2; 17 Cecil Court, Charing Cross Road (received May 1941).

(MUNKSGAARD, EJNAR.)-GRONLANDICA, ARCTICA, ANTARCTICA, from the library of the late governor of Greenland, J. DAUGAARD-JENSEN, and others. Cat. 31. 1391 items.

Copenhagen, Norregade 6 (received April 1941).

(OLD HICKORY BOOKSHOP). MEDICINE & SCIENCE. A selection of old-rare-im-

portant books & pamphlets. List no. 63. 157 items. New York, 65 Fifth Ave. (received April 1941).

(OLD HICKORY SHOP).-MEDICINE AND SCIENCE. Books & pamphlets. List no. 65, 206 items. New York City, 65 Fifth Ave. (received June 1941).

(REICHNER, HERBERT).-RARE BOOKS, PRINTS & MANUSCRIPTS. 136 p., 413 items. New York City, 34 E. 62nd St. (received December 1940).

(ROSENBACH).-A BIBLIOPHILE'S MISCELLANY. Rare books and manuscripts. 382 items.

Philadelphia, 1320 Walnut St.; New York City, 15 E. 51st St., 1941.

(SCHAB, WILLIAM H).-AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FINE & RARE BOOKS AND

ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS FROM THREE PRIVATE COLLECTIONS. Cat. no. 2. 89 p., 205 items. New York City, 602 Madison Ave. (received Dec. 1940).

(SCHUMAN'S).-MEDICAL MISCELLANY. List "A." 20 p., 150 items. New York, 730 Fifth Ave. (received April 1941).

(SCHUMAN'S).-MEDICAL MISCELLANY list "B." 199 items. New York, 730 Fifth Ave. (received May 1941).

(SOTHERN, HENRY).-ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF WORKS ON EXACT AND APPLIED SCI- ENCE. No. 868, 1343 items. London, W. 1; 2, 3, 4 and 5 Sackville St., 1941.

(STECHERT).-NATURAL HISTORY CATALOGUE. Entomology, general science, heredity, ornithology, zoology, natural history, scientific explorations. No. 127. New York, 31 E. 10th St. (received May 1941).

STONEHILL, C. A., JR. (EDITOR).-THE JEWISH CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILIZATION. With a preface by STEPHEN ZWEIG. 2585 items, 93 ills. New York, 25 E. 54th St. (received April 1941).

59. MEMORIA TECHNICA

CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY NO. 61.-Isis, VOL. 33 1941.

This note is published at the end of our bibliography solely for the convenience of the scholars who cut out the whole or part of it, attach extracts to catalogue cards and classify them. By adding this note to the others they will be able to find out rapidly whether this particular bibliography has been analyzed or not.

ISIS NO. 87 (VOL. 33, 1). Menasha, Wisc., March 1941.

This number is analyzed in the 61st Critical Bibliography. Every previous number has been analyzed in previous bibliographies.



Index of Authors 425

INDEX OF AUTHORS INCLUDED IN THE SIXTY-FIRST BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Roman figures followed by (1) or (2) refer to the centurial classification (Part I); thus Amelia, Sister M., XIV (1) means that a paper by Amelia is listed under fourteenth century, 1st half.

The Arabic figures refer to the historical and to the systematic classification (Parts II and III) which are subdivided into sections numbered consecutively from 1 to 60. For instance, Boyden, E. A., 12 indicates that a paper by Boyden is listed in section 12 (Israel); Becker, H., 43 indicates that a paper by Becker is listed in section 43 (Sociology).

The symbols IV(a), IV(b), and IV(c) refer to the new sections on America, Oceania, and Africa at the end of Part II. For instance, Fester, G. A. IV(a) indicates that a paper by Fester is listed in section IV(a) (America).

FRANCES SIEGEL

July 7, 1941.

Acebal, I., XX E Adams, C. C., 49 Adams, C. W., XIX(2)A Aiton, A. S., XVI(1)E Alcobendas, S., XVII(2)E Aldis, H. G., 56 Alfioldi, A., IV(2) Allen, F. H., XVIII(1)C Allport, G. W., 37 Almagia, R., 31 Amelia, Sister M., XIV(1) Andrews, C. McL., XVIII(2)C Andrews, E., XVIII(2)C Anshen, R. N., 43 Anthony, S., 37 Arberry, A. J., 14 Archibald, R. C., 20 Archibald, R. G., XVIII(2)A Armstrong, E. V., 25 Asin Palacios, M., XII(1) Ayer, A. J., 18

Babson, Mrs. R. W., XVII(2)A Bagchi, P. C., VII(2) Bain, D. C., XVI(1)D Baitsell, G. A., XX E Bakos, J., IX(2) Barbour, J. M., 20 Barnes, H. E., 43 Bashford, H., 50 Ibn Bassam al-Shantarini, Ab--l-Hasan 'Ali, XII(1) Baud, M., 2 Baumann, E. D., 36 Baumgartner, L., XX D Bayon, H. P., XV(1) Beatty, R. C., XVIII(1)C Bechet, P. E., XIX(1)D

Becker, H., 43 Beeckman, I., XVII(1)B Bell, A. E., XVII(2)B, 20 Bell, W. J., Jr., XIX(1)D Bent, Q., 26 Bergen, H., XV(1) Bertram, H., 50 Bidez, J., 13 Bigelow, R. P., 16 Black, G. F., 41 Bloom, S. F., 43 Blum, H. F., 27 Bodde, D., III(2)B.C. Boers, K., 50 Bogardus, E. S., 43 Bok, B. J., 23 Bonavit, J., 54 Boodin, J. E., 43 Borel, E., XX A Bouckaert, J. J., XX D Boxer, C. R., XVII(2)E Bower, F. O., 28 Boyce, G. C., 6 Boyden, E. A., 12 Boyer, C. B., 24 Bradley, A. D., 20 Brasch, F. E., XVIII(1)B Broglie, L. de, 24 Brown, J. N. E., XIX(1)D Bruner, J. S., 37 Brunet, P., XVIII(1)B Brunton, J., XIX(1)B Bryan, M., 46 Buhler, C. F., XV(2) Bugge, G., XVI(2)B Bulloch, W., 28 Burnet, F. M., 50 Burgham, E., 9



Index of Authors

Burlington, R. S., 20 Bushnell, D. I., Jr., IV(a)

Calkins, G. N., 29 Campbell, 0. J., 43 Canaan, T., 14 Cannon, A. J., XX B Cannon, C. L., 56 Cardinne-Petit, R., XIX(2)B Carlson, W. S., IV(a) Carmody, F. J., 6 (Carnegie Institution of Washington), 16 Cassirer, E., XVII(1)A, 20 Castelnuovo, G., XIX(2)A Castiglioni, A., 1(1) Catchpole, H. R., XVII(2)D Chance, B., XIX(1)D Charleston, R. J., 2 Chatley, H., 2 Ch'en Hung-shun, 10 Child, E., 25 Childs, St. J. R., 51 Christian, S. M., 16 Church, F. H., 2, 9 (Ciencia espafiola), XVII(1)E Clarke, J. F., XIX(1)E Clemen, O., XVI(1)D Cluverius, W. T., XX B Cohen, I B., XVII(2)A, XVII(2)B,

XVIII(2)E Cole, F. J., 27, 54 Cole, L. J., 27 Colin, E. C., 27 Colombo, A., 6 Cooper, L., IV(1)B.C. Cooper, W. A., 51 Coste, J.-F., XVIII(2)D Courtines, L. P., XVII(2)E Creutz, R., XIV(l) Crommelin, C. A., XVII(2)E Crouse, N. M., XVII(1)E Cumont, F., 13 Cushing, H., XIX(2)D (Czechoslovak National Committee), XX E

Danthine, H., 3 Dantzig, T., 20 Dasgupta, S., 9 Davis, R. B., XVIII(Q)E Dedeck-Hery, V. L., XIII(2) Defries, A., XVIII(2)C Denton, G. B., 50 Deraeve, E. A., 492 Devereux, G., 40

Dickinson, H. W., XVIII(2)B Diller, A., 1I(1) Dingle, H., 22 Dittrick, H., 50 Doesschate, G. ten, 6 Dondaine, A., XIII(1) Doob, L. W., 43 Dooren, L., XVI(2)D Downie, R. A., XX E Drake, T. G. H., XVIII(1)D Drake av Hagelsrum, G., XVIII(1)C Drews, R. S., 50 Drummond, J. C., 36 Dublin, L. I., XX D Dubs, H. H., I(1) Duell, P., 5 Dufour, L., 23 Dumont, P. E., 9

Eckman, J., XIX(1)D Eddington, Sir A., 18 Edgerton, W. F., 2 Elia, P. M. d'(S.J.), 10 Ellinwood, L., XIV(2) Emerton, E., VIII(1) Engel, C. E., 32 Erhard, H., VI(B.C.)

Faris, N. A., X(1) Farmer, H. G., IX(2) Farrand, M., XVIII(2)B Farrand, M., XX E Fazy, R., 8 Fernald, M. L., XVIII(1)C, 28 Fester, G. A., IV(a) Finkelstein, L., 12 Fischer, I., 50 Fischer, W., 32 Fleischer, Y. L., XII(1) Fokker, A. D., 1 Fraenkel, A. A., 20 Frances; M., XVII(2)E Frank, J. P., XVIII(2)D Franke, O., XVI(2)E Frechet, M., 20 Friedenwald, H., XVI(2)D, XVI(2)E Friedman, R., XIX(1)D Friendenwald, H., 12 Fries, R. E., 55 Fuchs, L. F., XVI(1)C Fulton, J. F., 50

Galdston, I., 50, 51 Gandz, S., 3, 12

426



Index of Authors

Gansser, A., 8 Ganzenmiiller, W., XV(1) Garcia de Ziunfiga, E., XVII(2)A Garrison, F. H., XIX(1)D Gay, F. P., XX D Gershenfeld, L., 53 Gesell, A., 34 Getman, F. H., XIX(2)B Gettens, R. J., 5 al-Ghafiqt, A. ibn M., XII(2) Gibb, H. A. R., 14 Goetze, A., 8 Goldhahn, R., 50 Gollan, A. Z., IV(a) Gomperz, H., IV(1)B.C. Goodenough, E. R., I(1) Goodman, N., 18 Gordon, A. K., 8 Goose, P., XIX(1)C Gove, P. B., 31 Grabmann, M., 6 Graham, E. A., 50 Gras, N. S. B., 28 Graves, R., XX E Greene, M., 48 Gregoire, V., XX C Griffin, F. J., 29 Griffith, I., 53 Grunebaum, G. von, 14 Gudger, E. W., 29 Gunther, R. T., XVII(2)B Guttentag, O. E., 50

Haddah, S. I., 14 Hagberg, K., XVIII(1)C Hagerty, M. J., 10 Halbe, A., IV(2)B.C. Hallema, A., XVII(1)D Haller, H. L., 10 Hamilton, M. P., XIV(2) Harrison, P. W., 14 (Harvard University), 16 Haubold, H., XVIII(2)D Haydon, A. E., 49 Heath, Sir T. L., XIX(2)A Heaton, C. E., XVII(1)D Heim, A., 8 Herder, J. G., XVIII(2)E Higgins, T. J., 20 (Hist. of Science Society), 16 Hitti, P. K., 14 Hockett, H. C., 43 Hodge, A., XX E Hoffmann, H., XVII(1)A

Hogben, L., 17 Hohlwein, N., 2 Holmberg, A., XIX(1)B, 55 Hooton, E. A., 34 Horn, W., 29 Hotchkiss, W. O., XIX(1)B Houssay, F., XVII(1)D Hrdlicka, A., XVIII(1)C Huettner, A. F., 29 Hult, O. T., 50 Humbert, P., XVII(1)B, 23 Huxley, J., 27, 35

Infeld, L., 20 (Institut de France, Academie des Sci-

ences), 16 lonides, M. L., 23 Ionides, S. A., 23 Iwanicki, J., XVII(1)A

Jackson, L. C., 54 Jacobs, H. B., XX D Jacobs, M. S., XIX(2)D Jaffe, B., 25 Jarcho, S., XVII(2)D Jehl, F., XIX(2)B Johansson, E., XVII(1)D Johnson, F. R., XVII(1)E Johnson, W. W. A., 32 Jonas, L., XVII(1)E Jones, G. W., 51 Jones, H. W., XIX(1)D Jones, R. F., XVII(9)E Jordan, P. D., XIX(1)D

Kagan, S. R., XIX(2)D Kahle, I., 29 Kapferer, R., V B.C. Karapetoff, V., XX A Karpinski, L. C., XVI(1)E Keenan, Sister M. E.', IV(2) Keimer, L., 2 Kerner, R. J., 8 Khairallah, A. A., 14 Kirk, W. C., Jr., V B.C. Kirnbauer, F., 32 Klein, W. C., X(1) Koestler, A., XX E Konjias, H. T., IV(a), IV(b) Korschefsky, R., 29 Krogh, A., 36 Krogman, W. M., 35 Ku T'ing ch'ang, 10 Kuznetsov, B. G., 16

427



Index of Authors

Lach, D. F., XVII(2)E Laistner, M. L. W., VIII(1) Lambert, S. M., XX D Lamm, C. J., 2 Lankhout, J., XVII(2)D Larguier, E. H.(S. J.), 20 Lastres, J. B., 50 Lauer, C. N., XIX(1)B Lauterborn, R., XIX(1)E La Wall, C. H., 53 Leake, C. D., 17 Le Danois, E., 31 Lehmann-Haupt, H., 56 Leikind, M. C., 50 Levin, S. I., 12 Leix, A., 3 Lennox, W. G., XV(1) (Leonardo da Vinci), XV(2) Lewis, N. D., 50 Ley, W., 29 Liang, W. W. Y., 10 Liljencrantz, A., XVIII(1)E Lillico, J., 40 Lillie, R. S., 27 Linnaeus, XVIII(1)C Loeser, J. A., 29 Lowenthal, R., 10 Long, E. R., XVI(1)D, XIX(1)D Loomis, C. G., 49 Loria, G., XVII(1)A Losada y Puga, C. de, XX A Lotka, A. J., XX D Lutz, C. E., IX(2) Lyford, C. A., IV(a)

Mackinney, L. C., XI(1) Major, R. H., XVII(2)D Malisoff, W. M., 24 Marcus, J. R., 12 Marder, C. C., XVIII(2)A Marett, J. R. De la H., 27 Marr, J. P., 51 Martin, C. P., 49 Marzell, H., XVI(1)C Masie, A. M., 12 Maslow, A. H., 37 Matthews, C. D., 14 Mavor, J. W., 27 Mayall, M. W., 23 McColley, G., XVII(2)E McCune, G. M., 8 McDaniel, W. B. 2d., XVIII(2)D McEachran, F., XVIII(2)E Mead, G. H., 48

Meinecke, B., III(2)B.C. Mendelsohn, S., 34 Menut, A. D., XIV(2) Merritt, H. H., XIX(1)D Merton, R. K., XVII(1)E., 43 Metraux, A., IV(b) Meyer, A. W., 34 Meyerhof, M., XI(1), 14 Middleton, W. S., XVIII(1)D, XX D Mieli, A., X(2), XI(1) Millas Vallicrosa, J. M., XII(1), XIII(2),

12 Miller, E., XX D Miller, G., 50 Miller, J. A., 26 Miller, J. W., 19 Minkin, J. S., XV(2) Mitchell, E. V., 26 Mittelmann, B., 37 Montagu, M. F. A., XVII(1)B, XVII(2)A Moore, C. C., 54 Morison, S. E., XV(2) Moss, R. L. B., 2 Miller, R. F. G., 9 Mulloy, W. J., XVIII(1)C

Nadeau, G., XX D Naegele, F. C., XIX(1)D Nagayama, T., 11 Napjus, J. W., XVIII(1)D, 52 Nat, J., 46 Needham, J., 16 Neff, E., 46 Neilson, W. A., XX E Nemoy, L., X(1) Neugebauer, O., I(1)B.C., 1 (N. Y. Academy of Medicine), 50 Newberry, P. E., 28 Nittis, S., V B.C. Nock, A. D., 4 Nordenskjold, E., XVI(1)E, 27 Nordenmark, N. V. E., XVIII(1)A Norlin, G., XX E Norman, D., 32

Ohm, G. S., XIX(1)B Olson, C. C., XIV(2) Oseen, C. W., XVIII(1)B Osol, A., 53 Overholser, W., XIX(2)D

Pagel, W., 16 Panconcelli-Calzia, G., 46 Panini, F., XVIII(1)C

428



Index of Authors

Paoli, H. J., XVI(2)C Pazzini, A., 50 Peake, C. H., 10 Pearse, A. S., 43 Pearson, E. S., XX A Pease, A. S., 1 Peck, E. S., XVIII(1)D Peckitt, L., 26 Peirce, C. S., XIX(2)E Persson, A. W., 4 (Pierpont Morgan Library), 29 Pirenne, H., 54 Pledge, H. T., 16 Pliny, I(2) Plischke, H., XVIII(2)C Ploeg, W., XVII(1)E Polachek, H., 20 Polanyi, M., 43 Poncins, G. de, XX C Popp, K. R., XVII(2)A Porter, B., 2 (Powicke, F. M.), 44 Pufendorf, S., XVII(2)E Putti, V., XVI(1)D, XX D

Quine, W. V., 18

Radbill, Samuel X., XVIII(2)D Radin, M., 43 (Rafinesque), XIX(1)C Ranke, H., 2 Rankin, J., 46 Read, C. B., 20, 44 Reddy, D. V. S., 9 Reed, J., 25 Reese, G., 6 Reischauer, E. 0., 8 Richardson, H. G., XIV(2) Richeson, A. W., V(1) Ritter, W. E., 29 Robinson, V., IV(c), 50 Rodgers, E. C., 6 Rogers, C. H., XX D Rolleston, Sir H., 50 Romano, J., XIX(1)D, 51 Rooseboom, M., XVIII(2)B Rosen, E., XVI(1)B Rosen, G., XIX(1)D Rosen, L., 26 Rosen, S. M., 26 Rossiter, A. P., 16 Rudbeck, O., XVII(2)E Rudolph, R. C., 8 Ruppin, A., 12

Russell, B., 18

Sagui, C. L., XX C, 1, 4, 22, 32 Salvemini, G., 44 Sandra, H., 50 Sarton, G., XIII(2), XVI(2)A, XVI(2)C,

XVIII(2)A, XIX(2)B, 3, IV(a), 16 Saudek, R., 35 Sauty, L., 24 Schieldrop, E. B., 26 Schierbeek, A., XVII(2)C Schiller, O., XVI(2)B Schirmann, H., XII(1) Schlesinger, A. M., 44 Schlueter, R. E., XIX(2)D Schmid, A., 28 Schmid, T., 6 Schnabel, P., 11(1) Schrecker, P., XVII(2)E Schuepp, H., XIX(2)B Schutz, A. H., XIII(1) Scudder, J., 51 Seaton, E., XVII(1)E Sedgewick, W. T., 16 Sergescu, P., XVIII(2)A Sesmat, A., 22 Shaft', M., XII(2) Sherman, H. C., 36 Shorey, P., 48 Shrodes, C., 43 Shryock, R. H., 50 Shull, A. F., 29 Siegler, D. H., 10 Sigerist, H. E., XIX(1)D, 6, 50, 52 Silvette, H., XVII(1)E Singer, E. A., 18 Sjistrand, W., XVI(2)E Smith, B. P., 14 Smith, C. S., XVI(1)B Smith, R. C., 56 Smith, T. V., 48 Soifer, M. E., XIX(1)D Solalinde, A. G., XIII(2) Solis-Cohen, M., XIX(2)D Sombart, W., 42 Souques, A., V B.C. Soutar, G., 4 Speiser, E. A., 3 Stanford, H. R., 26 Stefansson, V., 153 Steiner, W. R., XIX(1)D Sterrett, F. W., 26 Stevenson, I., 35 Sticker, G., XIX(1)D

429



Index of Authors

Stimson, D., XVII(2)E Strachan, J. E., IV(b) Struik, D. J., XVIII(2)A Stumke, H., 50 Sturtevant, E. H., 8 Summers, F. M., 29 Swingle, M. C., 10 Swingle, W. T., 10 Sykes, P., 8

Tallmadge, G. K., XVI(1)B Taqizadeh, S. H., 13 Taylor, F. A., 26 Taylor, F. S., XVII(1)B, 16 Temkin, 0., 51 Testi, G., 25 Thaer, C., III(2)B.C. Thomas, D.W., 12 Thomson, S. H., 6 Thorndike, L, XVI(1)D, 6 Thorndike, E. L., 43 Tischner, R., 50 Tompkins, D. D., XVIII(2)E Trachtenberg, J., 12 Trew, C. G., 29 Tsusaki, T., 11 Tyler, H. W., 16

Uggla, A. H., XVII(2)E (Univ. of Pennsylvania), 16

Vath, A. (A. J.), XVII(1)E Van der Hoeven, J., XVII(2)D Van Gils, J. R. F., XVI(1)D Van Gundy, J., 43 Van Hee, L. (S. J.), XVII(1)E Van Kleffens, E. N., XX E Veibel, S., 25 Verrill, A. H., 28 Viets, H. R., XIX(1)D Vogel, K., XIII(1), 20

Vollgraff, J. A., XVII(2)A

Wachtel, C., 25 Wallach, L., 12 Warmington, E. H., 5 Ware, C. F., 44 Watson, D. L., 17 Watson, W. H., 24 Weinberger, B. W., 50 Weiss, F. E., 2 Westland, C. J., XVII(2)B Weyl, H., 20 Whitaker, A. P., XVIII(2)B White, W. C., 10 Wieschoff, H. A., 40 Wiese, L. v., 43 Willard, J. T., 54 Williams, C. C., 26 Willis, J. C., 27 Wilson, J. W., 54 Wilson, M. G., XX D Wilson, W. J., XV(2), 10 Wolcott, R. W., XIX(1)B Wolf, A., XVIII(1)E Wood, A. B., 24 Wood, H. C., 53 Woodruff, L. L., 27 Woodson, C. G., 35 Woolf. V., XX E Wright, W. K., 48

Yetts, W. P., 10 Youn, E. s., 8 Young, K., 37 (Young, R. F.), 54 Young, S., IV(a) Youngken, H. W., 53

Zilsel, E., XVI(2)B Zirkle, C., 27 Znaniecki, F., 17

430

