situating peace psychology in the academy
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Situating Peace Psychology in the Academy. More global in scope Nuanced by geohistorical contexts More differentiated: Distinguishes episodes of violence & structural violence More systemic organized. Post-Cold War Peace Psychology. (Christie, JSI , 2006). Peace Psychology: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Situating Peace Psychology Situating Peace Psychology in the Academyin the Academy
Post-Cold War Peace PsychologyPost-Cold War Peace Psychology
1.1. More global in scopeMore global in scope2.2. Nuanced by Nuanced by
geohistorical contextsgeohistorical contexts3.3. More differentiated: More differentiated:
Distinguishes episodes Distinguishes episodes of violence & structural of violence & structural violenceviolence
4.4. More systemic organizedMore systemic organized(Christie, JSI, 2006)
Peace Psychology: Global Scope
•Australia•Germany•Ireland•Italy•Japan•Malaysia•Philippines•South Africa•Sweden•Venezuela•UK•USA
Example of Geohistorical Context: Malaysia
Differentiated & Systemically Differentiated & Systemically OrganizedOrganized
EpisodicEpisodic Structural Structural
Violence
Peacebuilding
Episodic Violence
Structural Violence
Episodic Peace-building
Structural Peace-building
SystemicPeacebuilding
SystemicViolence
(Christie, JSI, 2006)
Post-cold War Peace Psychology: Post-cold War Peace Psychology: More Differentiated, Contextualized, & SystemicMore Differentiated, Contextualized, & Systemic
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSVolume 62 Issue 1 , Pages 1 - 208 (March 2006)Volume 62 Issue 1 , Pages 1 - 208 (March 2006)
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
What is Peace Psychology the Psychology of? (p 1-17)What is Peace Psychology the Psychology of? (p 1-17)Daniel J. ChristieDaniel J. Christie
SYSTEMIC VIOLENCESYSTEMIC VIOLENCE
The Psycho-Ecology of Armed Conflict (p 19-40)The Psycho-Ecology of Armed Conflict (p 19-40)Deborah Du Nann Winter, Mario M. CavaDeborah Du Nann Winter, Mario M. Cava
Toward a Psychosocial Theory of Military and Economic Violence in the Era Toward a Psychosocial Theory of Military and Economic Violence in the Era of Globalization (p 41-62)of Globalization (p 41-62)Marc Pilisuk, Joanne ZazziMarc Pilisuk, Joanne Zazzi
Bullying in Schools: A Plea for Measure of Human Rights (p 63-79)Bullying in Schools: A Plea for Measure of Human Rights (p 63-79)Michael B. GreeneMichael B. Greene
Reconciliation between Aboriginal and Other Australians: The "Stolen Reconciliation between Aboriginal and Other Australians: The "Stolen Generations" (p 81-98)Generations" (p 81-98)Di Bretherton, David MellorDi Bretherton, David Mellor
Post-cold War Peace Psychology: Post-cold War Peace Psychology: More Differentiated, Contextualized, & SystemicMore Differentiated, Contextualized, & Systemic
SYSTEMIC PEACEBUILDINGSYSTEMIC PEACEBUILDING
Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness, and Experience of Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness, and Experience of "The Troubles" in Northern Ireland (p 99-120)"The Troubles" in Northern Ireland (p 99-120)
Miles Hewstone, Ed Cairns, Alberto Voci, Miles Hewstone, Ed Cairns, Alberto Voci, Juergen Hamberger, Ulrike NiensJuergen Hamberger, Ulrike Niens Psychosocial Assistance for Youth: Toward Psychosocial Assistance for Youth: Toward Reconstruction for Peace in Angola (p 121-139)Reconstruction for Peace in Angola (p 121-139)
Michael Wessells, Carlinda MonteiroMichael Wessells, Carlinda Monteiro Peacebuilding as a Gendered Process (p 141-153)Peacebuilding as a Gendered Process (p 141-153)
Cheryl de la Rey, Susan McKayCheryl de la Rey, Susan McKay Terrorism: A Peace Psychological Analysis (p 155-171)Terrorism: A Peace Psychological Analysis (p 155-171)
Richard V. WagnerRichard V. Wagner Political Psychology of Nonviolent Democratic Transitions in Southeast Political Psychology of Nonviolent Democratic Transitions in Southeast
Asia (p 173-190)Asia (p 173-190)Cristina Jayme MontielCristina Jayme Montiel
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Realistic Empathy and Active Nonviolence Confront Political Reality (p 191-Realistic Empathy and Active Nonviolence Confront Political Reality (p 191-208)208)Milton SchwebelMilton Schwebel
Social Psychological Peace Social Psychological Peace Research (SPPR)Research (SPPR)
(Vollhardt & Bilali, (Vollhardt & Bilali, SPSP, 2008), 2008)
SPPR refers to the overlapping SPPR refers to the overlapping conceptual domains of peace and conceptual domains of peace and social psychologysocial psychology
Peace Psychology Social Psychology
Social Psychological Peace Social Psychological Peace Research (SPPR)Research (SPPR)
Study 1: Conceptual, using indexes Study 1: Conceptual, using indexes of social and peace psychology of social and peace psychology handbooks.handbooks.
Study 2: Quantitative: based on Study 2: Quantitative: based on content analysis of journals in social content analysis of journals in social and peace psychologyand peace psychology
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Study 1: Conceptual Relations Between Study 1: Conceptual Relations Between Social Psychology and Peace PsychologySocial Psychology and Peace Psychology
Based on indexes in three handbooks:Based on indexes in three handbooks:
1. Handbook of Social Psychology1. Handbook of Social Psychology (Gilbert et al., 1998) (Gilbert et al., 1998) 2. Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 2. Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the
2121stst Century Century (Christie, Wagner, & Winter, 2001) (Christie, Wagner, & Winter, 2001)3. War and Peace: Handbook of Conflict and Peace 3. War and Peace: Handbook of Conflict and Peace
Psychology Psychology (Sommer & Fuchs, 2004)(Sommer & Fuchs, 2004)
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Conceptual Domain of Conceptual Domain of Peace PsychologyPeace Psychology
Deals with “the preventionof structural violence and Deals with “the preventionof structural violence and intergroup conflict as well as the promotion of intergroup conflict as well as the promotion of positive intergroup relations (p. 15 & 16).“positive intergroup relations (p. 15 & 16).“
In addition, prototypical peace psychology research In addition, prototypical peace psychology research meets the following criteria:meets the following criteria:
1.1. Normative (vs. value-neutral) researchNormative (vs. value-neutral) research2.2. Contextualized (vs. context-free) researchContextualized (vs. context-free) research3.3. Multiple levels of analysis (vs. methodological individualism Multiple levels of analysis (vs. methodological individualism
or holism)or holism)4.4. Practical (vs. epistemic) research orientationPractical (vs. epistemic) research orientation
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Note. Area A includes social psychological concepts that are at the core of SPPR. Area B those that are directly relevant, and Area C concepts indirectly relevant to SPPR. (Vollhardt & Bilali, SP,
2008)
Figure 1. Conceptual relations between social psychology and the (social) psychological study of peace.
Social Psychological Peace Social Psychological Peace Research:Research:
Core ConceptsCore Concepts Authoritarian Authoritarian
personalitypersonality Conflict resolutionConflict resolution Contact hypothesisContact hypothesis DehumanizationDehumanization DiscriminationDiscrimination Escalation dynamicsEscalation dynamics EthnocentrismEthnocentrism Graduated and Graduated and
Reciprocated Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Initiatives in Tension ReductionReduction
Intergroup relationsIntergroup relations MulticulturalismMulticulturalism
RacismRacism Realistic group Realistic group
conflict theoryconflict theory Relative deprivationRelative deprivation Right-wing Right-wing
authoritarianismauthoritarianism Social dominance Social dominance
orientationorientation Social equalitySocial equality Social changeSocial change Social justiceSocial justice ToleranceTolerance
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Social Psychology with Social Psychology with DirectDirect Relevance to Peace Psychology Relevance to Peace Psychology
ResearchResearch AggressionAggression Altruistic behaviorAltruistic behavior Belief in a just worldBelief in a just world Bystander interventionBystander intervention ConflictConflict Conflict escalationConflict escalation CooperationCooperation Cross-categorizationCross-categorization DeindividuationDeindividuation EmpathyEmpathy Frustration-aggression hypothesisFrustration-aggression hypothesis Gender stereotypesGender stereotypes Group polarizationGroup polarization Group thinkGroup think IdeologyIdeology Ingroup biasIngroup bias
Intergroup contactIntergroup contact Justice motiveJustice motive Moral outrageMoral outrage MoralityMorality NegotiationNegotiation ObedienceObedience PowerPower PrejudicePrejudice Prosocial behaviorProsocial behavior Self-categorization theorySelf-categorization theory Social categorizationSocial categorization Social identity (theory)Social identity (theory) Social movementsSocial movements SolidaritySolidarity StereotypingStereotyping ViolenceViolence
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Social Psychology with Social Psychology with IndirectIndirect Relevance to Peace Psychology Relevance to Peace Psychology
ResearchResearch AttitudesAttitudes AttributionAttribution Cognitive biasCognitive bias Cognitive dissonanceCognitive dissonance Expectancy value modelsExpectancy value models Fundmantal attribution errorFundmantal attribution error Group dynamicsGroup dynamics Group pressureGroup pressure Learning theoriesLearning theories IdentityIdentity Integrative complexityIntegrative complexity MachiavellianismMachiavellianism Majority/minority influenceMajority/minority influence Moral dilemmaMoral dilemma Naïve realismNaïve realism NeedsNeeds Perceptual/observer biasPerceptual/observer bias Perspective takingPerspective taking Political participationPolitical participation Rational choice theoriesRational choice theories Self-conceptSelf-concept
Self-determinationSelf-determination Self-efficacySelf-efficacy Self-esteemSelf-esteem Self-fulfillinng prophecySelf-fulfillinng prophecy Self-perceptionSelf-perception Self-presentationSelf-presentation Self-regulationSelf-regulation Social categoriesSocial categories Social cognitionSocial cognition Social comparison theorySocial comparison theory Social dilemmasSocial dilemmas Social influenceSocial influence Social motivesSocial motives Social perceptionSocial perception Social supportSocial support Social value orientationSocial value orientation Theory o f planned behaviorTheory o f planned behavior Trust Trust Value orientation /systemsValue orientation /systems
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Study 2 Content Analysis:Study 2 Content Analysis:SPPR (Core Concepts) Represented in High Impact SPPR (Core Concepts) Represented in High Impact
JournalsJournals
SPPR Criteria: • Relevant: addresses the prevention of structural
violence or intergroup conflict or the promotion of positive intergroup relations;
• At least three of four criteria were met (normative, contextualized, multilevel, and practical);
• Used social psychological constructs or theories.
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Social Psychological Peace Research Social Psychological Peace Research in Leading Journals (2001-2005)in Leading Journals (2001-2005)
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Social Psychological Peace Research Social Psychological Peace Research in Leading Journals (2001-2005)in Leading Journals (2001-2005)
(Vollhardt & Bilali, SP, 2008)
Social Psychological Peace Research Social Psychological Peace Research in Leading Journals (2001-2005)in Leading Journals (2001-2005)
Peace PsychologyPeace Psychology& Academic Fields& Academic Fields
International Relations
Peace & Conflict Studies
Conflict Resolution
Discipline Social Sciences
Transdisciplinary Multidisciplinary
Unit of Analysis
State and Interstate
Multiple Multiple
Time Frame
1648 to date Large: Past & Future
Present Oriented
Values Epistemic & Neutral
Normative & Value Explicit
Normative & Value Explicit
Goals Descriptive & Explanatory
Policy Oriented Resolving Conflicts
Subject Negative Peace
Negative & Positive Peace
Negative Peace
Differentiated & Systemically Differentiated & Systemically OrganizedOrganized
EpisodicEpisodic Structural Structural
Violence
Peacebuilding
Episodic Violence
Structural Violence
Episodic Peace-building
Structural Peace-building
SystemicPeacebuilding
SystemicViolence
(Christie, JSI, 2006)