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Related Content: Last Updated: July 17, 2013 3
Single Line Diagram(SLD)FOUND IN: DATACENTER ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
The below are the types of electrical diagrams in general that any electrical engineer can deal with,though I have described the single-line diagram (SLD) at length, also commonly referred as one-linediagram
1. Block Diagrams
2. Schematic Diagrams
3. Pictorial Diagrams
4. Wiring Diagrams
5. Single-Line Diagrams
6. Other types of diagrams
The single line diagram is circuit diagram where “one-line” is shown to represent three phases of athree phase power system. In addition to showing the ratings and size of electrical equipment andcircuit conductors, a properly drawn one-line diagram will also show an electrically correctdistribution of power with respect to current flow from the power source to the downstream loads orpanelboards.
Importance of Single Line Diagrams:
It is used to analyze a building’s electrical system,
Building maintenance staff and electricians rely on one-line diagrams to show them the wayaround the electrical system,
Inaccuracy in this documentation and failure to update one-line diagrams on a regular basis aselectrical systems invariably grow over time often results in increased down time when systemfailures occur,
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THE QUESTION
How SLD(Single Line Diagram) is useful for a electrical engineer while building a
Datacenter or in general to arrive at the S.O.W
Dashboard Questions Documents Training Resources
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Facility supervisors may use the info found in single-line diagrams to greatly enhance theperformance of service activities,
The single line diagram offers several benefits to the facility it outlines, especially:identification of possible problem places, improved safety conformity, and enhanced staffsafety.
Construction of Single Line Diagrams:
Single-line diagram is a simplified notation for representing a three-phase power system;Instead of representing each of three phases with a separate line or terminal, only oneconductor is represented.
Electrical elements such as circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors, bus bars, and conductorsare shown by standardized schematic symbols.
Elements on the diagram do not represent the physical size or location of the electricalequipment.
On one-line power diagrams, components are usually arranged in order of decreasing voltagelevels. The highest voltage component is shown at the top right of the drawing. In order to findout how power is supplied to a component, start at the component and trace the flow of powerbackwards through the drawing. This method will be most useful in locating the correct circuitbreaker to isolate a component for maintenance
You can read the single line diagram from the top to the bottom or from left to right of thediagram.
The one-line diagram provides the following information:
Manufacturers type designations, and ratings of devices.
Ratios of current and power transformers, taps to be used in multi-ratio transformers, andconnections of double-ratio transformers.
Rating connections of wye and delta power transformer windings
Circuit breaker ratings in volts and amperes.
The interrupting rating, type, and number of trip coils on circuit breakers.
Switch and fuse ratings in volts and amperes.
Function of relays.
The sizes, type, and number of incoming and outgoing cables.
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The voltage, phase, and frequency of incoming and outgoing circuits. The available shortcircuit and ground currents of the power company system, and type of ground used.
Metered points and type of metering.
The amount of the load on all feeders.
Develop a single line diagram (as per IEEE and ANSI)
to be familiar with the method of single line development by ANSI and IEEE you should know thefollowing items: A- Abbreviations used for Principal Meters:
Fig (1): Abbreviations used for Principal Meters
The abbreviations used for principal meters, instruments, and other devices (not including relaying,which is listed in Fig. 2) are listed in fig.1 above.
B- ANSI Standard Device Function Numbers
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Fig (2): ANSI Standard Device Function Numbers
Each device in an automatic switching equipment has a device function number (see fig.2)which is placed adjacent to or within the device symbol on all wiring diagrams andarrangement drawings so that its function and operation may be readily identified.
These numbers are based on a system which was adopted as standard for AutomaticSwitchgear by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI C37.2)
Three steps are used in producing a one-line diagram (as per IEEE and ANSI):
1. The preliminary one-Line diagram,
2. The partially developed diagram,
3. The developed diagram.
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