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SINGAPOREAN ENGLISH CHARACTERISTIC
INFLUENCE BY MULTI LANGUAGE CULTURE
Submittted to Fulfill One of the Requirements
To Complete the Diploma III Program
By:
Riani Dwi Putri
31000067
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT ACADEMY OF FOREIGN
LANGUAGE PERMATA HARAPAN
BATAM
2017
DECLARATION SHEET
I here by certify that :
1. This final assignment is genuine and has not been asked to get a Degree of
Diploma 3 (D3) in English Department of Academy of Foregein Permata Harapan
Gici Business School Batam.
2. This final report is pure ideas, formulation, and research on my own, without the
help of other parties, except for the direction of a advisor.
3. In this final report, there is no work or opinions that have been written or
published by others, except in writing clearly listed as a reference in the script with
the author’s name is mentioned and included in the references.
4. This declaration I make with truthful condition and if in the future there is a
deviation and untruth in this statement, then I am willing to accept the sanction of
revocation of academic degree which have been obtained, as well as other sanctions
in accordance with the norm prevailing in academy.
Batam, 30 July 2017
Riani Dwi Putri
31000067
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Writer would like to say thanks to Allah SWT for blessing and
guidance, so the writer is able to accomplish this final assignment entitled
“Singaporean English Characteristic Classification Influenced by Multi Culture”.
The writer also would like to express her gratitude to those who are helping
the writer in completing this assignment, special thanks to:
1. Mr. Kiatwansyah, as a Chairman of Gici Business School Batam Foundations
for giving the opportunity for accomplishing the writer’s study in Gici Business
School Batam.
2. Mr. Hendra Nugraha, S.S,M.Hum, Director of Academy of Foreign Language
Permata Harapan Thank you for you who has taught syntax and for other heavy
linguistic lessons. But it’s still awesome though.
3. Miss Febri Asmita Saragih, S.Pd.,M.Pd Head of English Department thank you
for your help during the writer study in Gici Business School. Thank you very
much.
4. My lovely Ms. Hotma Hutasoit S.Pd,M.Pd You are my hero. When I fell and
sad to face the difficulty of the trials that I was living (well, this paper) You are
always encouraging even though you look fierce. But deep inside you are
gentle. I do not know what I would be without you.
5. To all the lecturers of English Education Department who taught the writer
during her study.
6. The writer’s Family and friends who always support the writer to accomplish
this assignment.
7. To Adel Marulta(oom), Diana Nugroho(my mate), Windy Aulia(my semu
friend), and Sardi Natalia Purba(Horas!), thank you so much for all the bad or
good times, jokes and laughs, all the memories we have shared together, and
most importantly thank you for staying and finishing this journey with me.
The writer is realizes that this final assignment is far from perfect but the
writer has done her best. The writer will accept any criticism happily from the
reader as a reference for the writer to be better in the future. The writer hopes
this final assignment is provide any useful information to the readers.
Batam, 10 June 2017
Riani Dwi Putri
31000067
Abstract
Singaporean English Characteristic Influenced by Multi Language Culture
Riani Dwi Putri
3100067
Hotma Hutasoit S.Pd., M.Pd
This paper describes the source of slang or dialect in Singlish and the
meaning of a singular expression. Singlish has a very significant difference or very
far from the international Standard English language. The purpose of this study
was to help other people who come to Singapore that don’t understand Singlish.
Formulation problem in this paper is to find out source and meaning dialect/Slang
of Chinese citizens of Singapore to Standard English. This paper uses qualitative
descriptive method. The data is analyzed according to the use of Singlish in Chinese
Singaporean. The analysis shows that 20% use of Standard English and 80% use
Singlish. Based on these data, it can be used to analyze the usage of Singlish in
Singapore.
Keywords: Sociolinguistic, Language, Dialect, Slang, Chinese
Abstrak
Singaporean English Characteristic Influenced by Multi Language Culture
Riani Dwi Putri
3100067
Hotma Hutasoit S.Pd., M.Pd
Tugas Akhir ini menjelaskan tentang sumber slang atau dialek dalam bahasa
Singlish dan arti sebuah ungkapan tunggal. Karena singapura memiliki perbedaan
yang sangat signifikan atau sangat jauh dari bahasa Inggris berstandar internasional.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu orang lain yang datang ke
Singapura yang tidak mengerti Singlish akan lebih mudah untuk di mengerti dalam
bahasa sehari-hari di Singapura. Rumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini adalah untuk
mengetahui sumber dan makna dialek / bahasa gaul warga negara Tionghoa dari
Singapura ke bahasa Inggris standar. Tugas Akhir ini menggunakan metode
deskriptif kualitatif. Data dianalisis sesuai dengan penggunaan Singlish Cina di
Singapura. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa 20% penggunaan Standar Bahasa Inggris
dan 80% menggunakan Singlish. Berdasarkan data tersebut, bisa digunakan untuk
menganalisa penggunaan Singlish di Singapura.
Kata Kunci: Sosiolinguistik, Bahasa, Dialek, Slang, Cina
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...........................................................................................................
DECLARATION SHEET ............................................................................. i
APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... v
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................... 1
1.2 Identification of the Problem ................................................... 3
1.3 Limitation of the Study ............................................................ 4
1.4 Formulation of the Problem ..................................................... 6
1.5 Objective of the Study .............................................................. 7
1.6 Significance of the Study ......................................................... 7
1.6.1 Practical ........................................................................... 7
1.6.2 Theoritical ....................................................................... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .......................... 8
2.1 Previous Research .................................................................... 8
2.2 Code Switching ........................................................................ 10
2.3 Dialect ...................................................................................... 11
2.4 Discourse Particle …................................................................ 11
2.4.1 Meh .............................................................................. 12
2.4.2 Lah................................................................................ 13
2.4.3 Leh................................................................................ 13
2.4.4 Lor ................................................................................ 14
2.4.5 Mah .............................................................................. 14
2.5 Word Ordering ...................................................................... 14
2.6 Singaporean English................................................................. 15
2.7 Locus of The Research .......................................................... 15
2.7 Theoritical Framework .......................................................... 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ...................................................... 18
3.1 Research Design ....................................................................... 18
3.2 Data and Data Source ............................................................... 19
3.3 Data Population and Sample .................................................... 19
3.3.1 Population .................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Sample .......................................................................... 20
3.4 Data Collecting Technique ....................................................... 21
3.5 Data Analyzing Method ........................................................... 21
3.6 Location and Schedule ............................................................. 22
3.6.1 Location........................................................................ 22
3.6.2 Schedule ....................................................................... 22
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION .................... 24
4.1 Finding ..................................................................................... 25
4.2 Discussion ................................................................................ 39
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................. 41
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................... 41
5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................ 42
5.2.1 Foreigners ........................................................................ 42
5.2.2 The Students .................................................................... 42
5.2.3 Other Researcher ............................................................. 42
REFERENCES
ATTACHMENT
CURRICULUM VITAE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Backgound of the Study
One usage the more common among linguists refers to a variety of
a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language’s speakers.
Despite their differences, these varieties known as dialects are closely related and
most often mutually intelligible, especially if close to one another on the spoken
across a large area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically
close to each other, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the
distances become greater. The term is applied most often to regional speech
patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social
class or ethnicity.
The official and recognized English language in the world today is only two,
It is the English version of the British and English versions of American. But
Singaporean has another English version that is Singlish. Singlish language is a
combination of Standard English with tribal languages people living in Singapore
like Chinese, Malay and Tamil. While English is one of Singapore's official
languages, Singlish is commonly regarded as having low prestige. The Singaporean
government and some Singaporeans alike heavily discourage the use of Singlish in
favour of Standard English. The government has created an annual Speak Good
English Movement to emphasize the point. Singlish is also heavily discouraged in
the mass media and in schools. However, such official discouragement and routine
censorship is actually countered by other presentations in mainstream media,
including routine usage by ordinary people in street interviews broadcast on TV and
radio on a daily basis, as well as occasional usage in newspapers. The vocabulary
of Singlish consists of words originating
from English, Malay, Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, Tamil and to a lesser extent
various other European, Indic and Sinitic languages. Also, elements
of American and Australian slang have come through from imported television
series and films.While doing research for this paper, The writer found that Google’s
answer to “what do Singaporeans speak” was English. This did not come as any
surprise, since many Singaporeans in the US are proud of the English education
most of us have received, and while abroad, we sometimes find it tiresome to be
constantly complimented on English skills – occasionally, it even strikes us as a
little ignorant.
However, The writer were surprised to find the 2010 census Reveals that
just 33% of Singaporean residents spoke English at home. According to the census,
the rest speak a mixture of Mandarin, Chinese dialects, Malay and Tamil. While
one may immediately jump to socio-economic reasons to understand the differences
in the languages spoken at home, in Singapore’s case, it is important to consider
generational differences.
Singapore’s linguistic history is inextricably tied to both colonialism and
decolonisation. Under British colonial rule, the various ethnic groups were
accommodated through schools that taught in English, Malay, Mandarin Chinese,
and Tamil. A year after Singapore gained independence in 1965, the government
established a bilingual education policy, designed to ensure that Singaporeans
spoke both English and their mother tongue. Thus, most young Singaporeans,
having grown up after these policies were instituted, speak English as their first
language. When look at their parents’ and grandparents’ generation, however, there
is far more diversity in what they speak. Despite the growing dominance of English,
many young Singaporeans are fairly adept in their mother tongue, and many are
effectively bilingual.
With such a diversity of languages, it is no wonder that one gets a similar
diversity of answers to the question of what Singaporeans speak, depending on who
is asked. That being said, one thing can be agreed on: English is the official lingua
franca that unites them in school, at work, and in coffee shops and restaurants. But
it isn’t plain old British English that binds us linguistically; they have a form of
English moulded to suit their environment and communication needs. To be even
more specific, it is Singlish, or Singaporean English, that makes communicating
with fellow Singaporeans unique.
1.2. Identification of the Problem
Identify dialect of every culture, from each tribe living in Singapore.
Chinese, Malay, and Tamil. When Chinese people speak in Singlish language and
those who listen to their speakers will be easier to understand, because Chinese
tribal dialect is very typical in Singlish language. In Singlish language the phonetics
and phonology is quite typical. Stress is treated differently - writer haven't quite
figured out how, but it seems stress tends to fall towards the end of words, and is
often marked by a higher tone than preceding syllables. Tendency to put a stop
before word-initial vowels, rather than go straight from the end of the previous word
to the vowel. This also usually prevents hiatus across word boundaries.
Singlish is not grammatical. Singlish is easier to understand by people who
can speak Chinese and Malay. For those who native speaker or who can only speak
English American and British standard will have a problem to understanding.
In general, the use of intonation in every sentence and the words of the
Chinese is very distinctive, and will be the same at the end of the sentence.
Intonation and Malay language are also almost the same and not much different
from Indonesia.
1.3. Limitation of the Study
The problem limitation is about Singaporean slang and specific words like
alamak, leh, meh, lor etc. In this paper writer will limit the dialect/Slang and
Discourse Particle of Chinese and Malay dialect. Singlish the English-based a
mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier
grammatically simplified form of a language, used for communication between
people not sharing a common language stage spoken and written in Singapore.
Singlish has its unique slang and syntax, which are more pronounced in informal
speech. A discourse marker is a word or phrase that plays a role in managing the
flow and structure of discourse. Since their main function is at the level of discourse
(sequences of utterances) rather than at the level of utterances or sentences,
discourse markers are relatively syntax-independent and usually do not change the
truth conditional meaning of the sentence. Examples of discourse markers include
the particles "meh, "mah", "lor", "lah", "leh", and "I mean", and the 'discourse
connectives', "so", "because", "and", "but", and "or". In Practical English Usage,
Michael Swan defines a 'discourse marker' as 'a word or expression which shows
the connection between what is being said and the wider context'. For him, a
discourse marker is something that either connects a sentence to what comes before
or after, or indicates a speaker's attitude to what he is saying. The research looked
into choices by speakers of Colloquial Singapore English with different ethnicities
(Chinese, Indian and Malay) in the use of particles whose roots lie not in English.
The 76 speakers under investigation used 1,427 such particles in 30 conversations.
The general rate of particle usage by the members of each ethnicity was similar.
The particles lah and ah, whose linguistic origins are unknown and which account
for almost 94 per cent of the total particle use, were both frequently used across
ethnic groups. The Chinese speakers used these articles less than the other two
ethnicities and were more inclined than the other two groups to use Cantonese
particles, especially lor. Two other Cantonese particles, hor and leh, were used six
and nine times respectively, and these rare instances were exclusively produced by
Chinese speakers.
The common word in Singlish that people often don’t understand in
Singlish is Alamak! Which is the Singlish equivalent of "Oh my gosh!" They use
Alamak! To express despair and sometimes anxiety. For instance, "Alamak! I
forgot to bring my assignment!"
A Singlish sentence often ends with words like "lah", "leh", "meh" or "lor".
These utterances are included at the end of a sentence to add emotions or feelings
to the sentence. A common use of such end-of-sentence phrase is in the phrase "OK
lah" which is the Singlish equivalent for "Okie dokie". The difference is fairly subtle
and can be fully understood only after years of exposure to Singlish. There are also
phrases and words which are distinctly Singlish. For example, when they say a
person is “blur”, they mean he/she is confused. So, one would say after a lecture,
"Wa-liao, so blur man!" and that would mean "Good Grief, the lecture was so
confusing!" Another common phrase, "Why you so like dat?", which has been made
popular by a local black rap group.
1.4. Formulation of the Problem
A. Where is the source of Singlish Slang ?
B. What is the meaning of Singlish?
1.5. Objective of the Study
Based on the background of the problem that has been stated above, here
are the formulations of the problem:
A. To find out the source of Singlish Slang
B. To find out the meaning of Singlish
1.6. Significance of the Study
The writer expects this paper can gives benefit in practical theoretical way
such as:
1.6.1 Practical
This paper can helps people or foreigners in understanding the language
in Singapore especially Singlish, and also for students who want to continue
studying in Singapore.
1.6.2 Theoretical
The result of the study can be used as references in studying of Singlish.
To enhance the knowledge of Sociolinguistics and master to distinguish the
differences of using Singlish and Standard English.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Previous Research
The writer will mention some previous researches that has researched by
some researchers about Slang in Singlish.
1. Lisa Lim said tone is very important in English language that stated on her abstract
“Tone in Singlish: Substrate Features from Sinitic and Malay” Bazaar/Baba Malay.
Such observations support the notion of the founder population in be a consequence
of prosodic patterns found in another, non-tone language substrate, Contact
varieties. While the source of tonal properties may well be the dominant Sinitic
English spoken in Singapore, which take up the claim of tone being a marked
feature in Persistent.
(https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/tsl.95.16lim)
2. Jakob R. E. Leimgruber said that Singapore language have 2 language that stated
on his abstract “Standard Singapore English and Colloquial Singapore English”
(multicultural). “Singapore English is a nativised variety of English, which
comesin essentially two forms: Standard Singapore English and Colloquial
Singapore English. This article describes the sound system and the Grammar of
this variety, including an overview of the local vocabulary. A Concluding section
explains the various models that have been proposed to explain that variation in
Singapore English, including the post-creole Continuum (Platt 1975) and
diglossia (Gupta 1994, 2001), before settling on more recent research using a
cultural orientation model (Alsagoff Singapore, the Peranakans, with Baba
Malay as their vernacular, may well have been Substrates, the actual patterning,
at both word and phrase level, would appear to actually The community of
speakers whose influence on Singlish has been most significant and The ecology
paradigm: This paper suggests that, as the early English speakers in This paper
focuses on aspects of tone in Singlish, the (mesolectal/basilectal) variety of
(2007) and indexicality (Eckert 2008)”.(jakobleimgruber.ch/dissertation.pdf)
3. Shinichi Harada said that Singaporean language affect by some multicultural that
his stated on his abstract. “The Roles of Singapore Standard English and
Singlish” In Singapore, where three main ethnic groups exist, English serves as
an inter-ethnic lingua franca toCommunicate with the other ethnic groups
because the first languages of most Singaporeans are Mandarin,Chinese dialects
such as Hokkien, Teochew, and Cantonese, Malay, and Tamil. Singapore
English can be classified into two: Singapore Standard English (SSE) and
Singlish. This paper examined the roles of the two varieties of English from a
sociolinguistic point of view, based on a questionnaire survey conducted by
theAuthor and recent surveys on the use of Singlish and the Speak Good English
Movement. It follows from the findings on language use and language attitudes
that SSE and Singlish are used for two different functions.In other words, the
relationship between SSE and Singlish is diglossic. SSE is used in formal
situations as The H variety, whereas Singlish is used in informal situations as
the L variety. Although the government hasbeen trying to eradicate Singlish from
Singaporeans, a number of Singaporeans still keep using it and many of the
younger generation regard it as a language of their identity. Therefore, the
diglossic relationship between SSE and Singlish will continue.
.(sucra.saitama-u.ac.jp/modules/xoonips/download.php?file_id=15795)
2.2 Code switching
The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of
language in conversation. Some research on Singaporean multicultural and
multiethnic backgrounds showed that code-switching is a common situation in
Singlish. Foley (1998) claimed that code-switching are obvious in children’s
speech in Singapore. He analyzed a few speaking data from Chinese/Singlish,
Malay/Singlish, Tamil/Singlish, Cantonese/Singlish, bilingual children. He found a
high frequency of code-switching. That is, in every two or three sentences a code-
switching would appear I their speech.
2.3 Dialect
Dialect is a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region
or social group. Speakers of any given language sometimes get offended when their
particular language style is called a dialect. To avoid any confusion, I would
therefore like to explain what I mean by the term “dialect.“According to
the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, a Dialect is a regional
or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or
vocabulary, especially a variety differing from the standard literary language or
speech pattern of the culture in which it exists. The problem with this definition is
that it implies that there is some sort of “standard” language from which all of the
various dialects of that language differ. In English, however, I do not think this is
true. I think that the English language is far too widespread and varies too much for
anyone to say that the English spoken in is “standard” and everything else is a
“dialect.” Even if it were narrowed down to a single country, there is still a great
deal of variation within that country, and who is to say which
region/city/state/province speaks proper English?
2.4 Discourse Particle
A discourse marker is a word or phrase that plays a role in managing the flow
and structure of discourse. Since their main function is at the level of discourse
(sequences of utterances) rather than at the level of utterances or sentences,
discourse markers are relatively syntax-independent and usually do not change the
truth conditional meaning of the sentence. Examples of discourse markers include
the particles "meh, "mah", "lor", "lah", "leh", and "I mean", and the 'discourse
connectives', "so", "because", "and", "but", and "or". In Practical English Usage,
Michael Swan defines a 'discourse marker' as 'a word or expression which shows
the connection between what is being said and the wider context'. For him, a
discourse marker is something that either connects a sentence to what comes before
or after, or indicates a speaker's attitude to what he is saying. The research looked
into choices by speakers of Colloquial Singapore English with different ethnicities
(Chinese, Indian and Malay) in the use of particles whose roots lie not in English.
The 76 speakers under investigation used 1,427 such particles in 30 conversations.
The general rate of particle usage by the members of each ethnicity was similar.
The particles lah and ah, whose linguistic origins are unknown and which account
for almost 94 per cent of the total particle use, were both frequently used across
ethnic groups. The Chinese speakers used these articles less than the other two
ethnicities and were more inclined than the other two groups to use Cantonese
particles, especially lor. Two other Cantonese particles, hor and leh, were used six
and nine times respectively, and these rare instances were exclusively produced by
Chinese speakers.
2.4.1 Meh
Treatment of the meh particle in SCE is scarce as previous researchers
concentrate on the more popular particles such as lah and what. Gupta (1992)
described it briefly while Wong (1994, 2000) concentrated on the invariant meaning
of the particle. According to Gupta, the discourse particle meh falls into the
assertive category and serves to express surprise, or to question a presupposition
(1992:43). She further claims that meh adds a sense of surprise at the question
asked.
2.4.2 Lah
The earliest account of the lah particle is by Tongue who states that lah can
function as an ‘intensifying particle, as a marker of informal style, as a signal of
intimacy, for persuading, deriding, wheedling, rejecting and a host of other
purposes’ (Tongue1974:114). Only two examples on lah (in his listing of other
grammatical items) were given, ‘Can lah’ and ‘Cannot lah’. According to Tongue,
lah originates from the Malay language. But, the lah particle is widely used in the
Chinese dialects spoken in Singapore and Malaysia, namely, Hokkien and
Cantonese30. Tongue also commented that though lah is sub-standard, it is
frequently used by educated speakers of English in informal discourse with friends
and even jocularly, on more formal occasions. Tongue’s mention of lah marked the
beginning of treating the particle as characteristic of Singapore Colloquial English.
2.4.3 Leh
The leh particle, according to Gupta (1992) falls into the maximally
assertive group. She states that the particle ‘expresses a commitment that an
interlocutor is expected to act upon (1992:42).
2.4.4 Lor
The lor particle has been described as indicating a piece of information is
obvious to the addressee, marking a directive, and showing a sense of resignation.
First, Platt and Ho (1989) state that lor marks obviousness.
2.4.5 Mah
Gupta (1992) claims that the particle ma is one of the two contradictory
particles on her scale and serves ‘to correct an interlocutor by presenting what is
being said as an absolute and even obvious fact’ (Gupta 1992:41).
2.5 Word Ordering
In the science of word order typology is the study of the syntactic
arrangement of language constituents. How a word is structured according to the
correct arrangement pattern. And with this word order we can distinguish one
sentence with another by order or order of grammar. In English grammar word order
is used as a method of composing words into the correct sentence and avoiding
ambiguity of the meaning of the word or on the sentence that is compiled. In this
world order there are 2 elements that are very important and should be our concern
all of the order of arguments and sentence constituents.
2.6 Singaporean English
Singlish is the English-based a mother tongue formed from the contact of
two languages through an earlier pidgin stage. Speech and written in Singapore.
Although English is the dominant language, Singlish has its unique slang and
syntax, which are more pronounced in informal speech Basically Singapore is a
multi-racial and multi-cultural country, it is understandable why English can some
extent with inputs from other cultures/races (including dialect groups). Singlish
seems to have gain a bad reputation lately but personally, writer think it is a great
way to connect with people in Singapore (especially those who are not that fluently
in English). It basically reflects our multicultural and multiracial roots, and we need
this given that Singapore is often reflected as a sterile society devoid of soul, culture
etc. Knowing and using Singlish doesn’t necessarily mean one is bad in speaking
good Standard English. It's just a matter of practicing and knowing when to use one
or the other at the right time or situation.
2.7 Locus of The Research
The research location was done in Summer Pavilion Restaurant at Singapore
Summer Pavilion was established in 2000, which is located in Ritz Calton
Singapore hotel. This restaurant is visited by many citizens in the country both
overseas citizens. They provide many food and dinner packages, private dining and
tea salon. Thanks to the restaurant team that is CHEUNG SIU KONG, Chinese
Executive Chef of Summer pavilion also get awards in 2016 and 2017. This
restaurant is at The Ritz-Carlton, Millennia Singapore 7 Raffles Avenue Singapore.
10 types of specialty t eas from Tea Bone Zen Mind is available for purchase to
complement your meal in Summer Pavilion, or for takeaway. The table setting was
elegant and nice but the room was far too cold. It took a long time for food to arrive
and the order was mixed up. Communication between kitchen and services seem to
be issued and staff only came back to tell the dish was not available when other dish
has been served. Overall, it took more than an hour to have all food that we ordered
on the table. Food quality was good though. The a la carte menu is quite limited and
not much creation or quality to demonstrate the different between a normal Chinese
restaurant and one star Michelin standard. We have seen better standard elsewhere
either with star or no star for Chinese restaurant. The whole experience was
unpleasant with the above. The manager did offer complimentary desserts for all of
us. It was good gesture but it could not change our view on the experience.
2.8 Theoretical Framework
SINGLISH
CODE SWITCHIN
G
MALAY
DISCOURSE PARTICLE
CHINESE HOKKIENTHEOCHE
W
WORD ORDERING
DIALECT
SLANG
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
Considering the purpose of the research and the nature of the problem, type
of this research is descriptive qualitative research. Descriptive qualitative research
is the research which has a purpose to understand the phenomenon of subject study,
such as action, perception, motivation, etc. holistically and descriptively in words
and language at a specific natural gives priority to analyze data. The writer chosen
qualitative method in finding and make sure some Singlish Slang.
It is the blueprint for conducting the study that maximizes control over
factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings. Designing a study
helps the researcher to plan and implement the study in a way that will help the
researcher to obtain intended results, thus increasing the chances of obtaining
information that could be associated with the real situation (Burns & Grove
2001:223).
Bryman (2008:366) qualitative research is strategy that usually emphasizes
words rather than qualification in the collection and analysis of the data. The topic
of this Research is Dialect. As the mention previously specifics are Singlish
(Basilect), and Basilect from Singapore is Singlish. Therefore the writer will take
Singlish Slang as the research.
3.2 Data and Data Source
The Data for this research are taken by using Record the Conversation and
direct observation.
For the collecting data the writer went to Summer Pavillion Restaurant with
is take place in Singapore and then record the conversation with the Singaporean
because it is the most commonly in daily English speech and after that the writer
will analysis one by one of words but just the words that has the dialect/Slang. The
writer wills analysis word dialect of Singlish between Standard English.
3.3 Population and Sample
3.3.1 Population
Polit and Hungler (1999:37) refer to the population as an aggregate or
totality of all the objects, subjects or members that conform to a set of
specifications. In this study the population was Singaporean Characteristic
Classification Influenced by Multi Culture that is class, dialect and residential areas.
The population of this research Singlish Slang from the Singaporean. In this case
the population that support to get data 2 people (in-depth interview) and 5 people
(for observation).
3.3.2 Sample
The sample of this research is from Chinese Singaporean. The sample is
collected by Recording and observation with the people in the restaurant. The writer
takes the sample within one day because it can represent the subject of this analysis
about Singaporean English Characteristic Classification Influenced by Multi
Culture that is Singlish Slang and meaning Singlish.
This transcript is raw data that writer has got by way of recording.
No SINGLISH ENGLISH
1. WahLiau! So late! My goodness! She’s really late!
2. Where you want to makan? Where shall we eat?
3. No choice, mah. Must go down
town lor.
We have no choice, we have to go down
town.
4. Going to rain already It is going to rain soon
5. Wah piang! So crowded! My God! It’s crowded!
6. Anyone sitting here? Is this chair occupied?
7. Can you chop this table? Can you reserve this table?
8. There can sit You can sit over there
9. You bring go first You can take this first
10. Here have meh? Are you sure they have it here?
11. You want rice only, ah? Do you want only the rice?
12. You got kopi? Do you serve coffee?
13. Why take so long to eat? Why did you take such a long time to eat?
14. It’s still hot! You think I am
what?
Who do you take me for?
15. Do you heard? that Gaument
giving out money again
The government is handling out money again
16. Yes, He sure get caught one. He is certain to be caught
17. He can bring it there , mah He should have no problem bringing it here
18. I will sms you I will text you
3.1 Table of Transcript by Recoding
3.4. Data Collecting Technique
The first thing when writer to do when collecting data. The writer went to
Singapore from Batam by ship. After arrived at Singapore port. Then writer went
Singapore with MRT, writer already told Singaporean for interview. By recording
Singaporean daily conversation and writer observe in the restaurant situation the
language that people use and Slangs. Then, after writer get the answers wanted. The
writer sort out the word of the Singaporean gave. And after that writer will carefully
compare it to Standard English every word and the dialect they speak by writing on
paper.
3.5. Data Analyzing Method
The writer does some steps in analysing the data. And the method there is
semantic theory that the writer use for analysis. They are:
1. Reading the data
2. Analysis the conversation
3. Classifying them between Singlish and Standard English
3.6. Location and Schedule of the research
3.6.1 Research Location
The researcsh location was done in Summer Pavilion Restaurant at
Singapore Summer Pavilion was established in 2000, which is located in Ritz
Calton Singapore hotel. This restaurant is visited by many citizens in the country
both overseas citizens. They provide many food and dinner packages, private dining
and tea salon. Thanks to the restaurant team that is CHEUNG SIU KONG,
CHINESE EXECUTIVE CHEF Summer pavilion also get awards in 2016 and
2017. This restaurant is at The Ritz-Carlton, Millennia Singapore 7 Raffles Avenue
Singapore, 039799 Singapore. Open the restaurant at Lunch time Daily, 11:30 a.m.
To 2:30 p.m. (Last order at 2:15 p.m.) Dim sum, à la carte and set menus are
available. Dinner Daily, 6:30 p.m. To 10:30 p.m. (Last order at 10:15 p.m.) À la
carte and set menus are available.
3.6.2 Research Schedule
The research schedule in this analysis is the section from (in-depth
interview) and observation. The writer takes the research within three month
because it can represent the subject of this analysis about Singaporean English
Characteristic Classification Influenced by Multi Culture. Writer analyzed
Singlish and divided into three analyzes: code switching, discourse particle and
word ordering. It took 1 month to analyze the switching code, 1 month discourse
particle and 1 month for word ordering.
Tabel 3.2 Research Schedule
The research was conducted in three month starting from the sample to
making report of this final assignment is Singaporean English Characteristic
Classification Influenced by Multi Culture.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter writer shows the result of identification the differences of
Singlish and English standard. The writer will give more explanation about the
subject of the research as a finding. It means that the writer will give a general
knowledge about types of Singlish Slang in identifying the Singlish slang and
Standard English. Singlish Slang can be identified in table previously mentioned as
the object of the paper. And in this chapter also the writer will analyze 2
simultaneously in formulation in chapter I. This identification is done to give some
contributions to the foreigner everyone who will be in touch with Singaporean can
improve their knowledge about the Singlish Slang in order that can understanding
more Singaporean language. In this chapter the writer will also explain more deeply
about Singlish discourse particle, word ordering in Singlish and also code switching
in Singlish, which will make it easier for people to understand Singlish. Singlish
tells about the way the Singaporean talk in daily conversation by their slang,
Singaporeans actually deliver a sentence in combined English, Chinese, Malay and
Indian words with an English, Chinese, Indian or Malay intonations, or a
combination of them.
4.1 Finding
Singlish tell about how the Singaporean talk in daily conversation,
Singaporean could actually deliver a sentence in combined English, Chinese, Malay
and Indian words with an English, Chinese, Indian or Malay intonations, or a
combination of them (fortunately this is not the instructional language used in
higher learning institutions)
Here are the data which is author analysis based on source and its meaning:
Data I
“Wah Liau! So Late!”
Analysis on Data I: Particles in Singlish are highly comparable to Chinese.
In general, discourse particles, also known as "tags" occur at the end of a sentence.
Their presence changes the meaning or the tone of the sentence, but not its
grammatical meaning. Particles are noted for keeping their tones regardless of the
remainder of the sentence. Most of the particles are directly borrowed from southern
Chinese varieties, with the tones intact. The common word in Singlish that people
often don’t understand in Singlish is Wah Liau! Wah liau is Language from
Hokkien/Teocew that 20% spoken Chinese words, which is the Singlish equivalent
of "Oh my gosh/my goodness!" They use Wah liau! To express despair and
sometimes anxiety (Urban Dictionary, 2017). For instance, “wah liau! So late!”
which mean "My goodness! She’s really late!”
Data II
“Where you want to makan?”
Analysis Data II: In this uttarence the speaker mix English with Malay
Language which is very common in Singapore. “Makan” is Malay Language
which mean “eat”. Singlish is consist 8% of Malay Language. So, In this utterance
“where you want to makan?” which means “where shall we eat?”. The form of
singlish in data 2 is code switching. Code switching is the practice of moving back
and forth between two languages, or between two dialects or registers of the same
language. Also called code-mixing and style shifting. Code switching (CS) occurs
far more often in conversation than in writing.
Data III
“No choice, mah. Must go down town lor.”
Analysis Data III: in this utterance “mah” and “lor” are included at the end
of a sentence to add emotions or feelings to the sentence. There is no specification
for the writing of the word because it is just a common dialect in the word at the
end of each sentence in Chinese language. So,“No choice, mah. Must go down town
lor” which means “we have no choice, we have to go down town”. Mah and lor is
part of Singlish Discourse Particle. Discourse Particle is a word or phrase that plays
a role in managing the flow and structure of discourse. Since their main function is
at the level of discourse (sequences of utterances) rather than at the level of
utterances or sentences, discourse markers are relatively syntax-independent and
usually do not change the truth conditional meaning of the sentence.
Data IV
“Going to rain already”
Analysis Data IV: Instead of the past tense, a change of state can be
expressed by adding already or liao (/liâu/) to the end of the sentence, analogous to
Chinese 了 (le). This is not the same as the past tense, but more of an aspect, as it
does not cover past habitual or continuous occurrences, and it refers to a real or
hypothetical change of state in the past, present or future. The frequent use of
already (pronounced more like "oreddy" and sometimes spelt that way) in
Singapore English is probably a direct influence of the Hokkien liao particle. They
intent to speak informally for efficiency in daily conversation So in this utterance
“Going to rain already” which mean “it’s going to rain soon”. The word ordering
in data IV is not well arranged as it usually ordered as “it’s going to rain soon”.
Therefore, this is called as colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words
and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. In
the following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very
informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of
Singaporean English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English
and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages). The term Singlish
is usually used in ordinary usage for this kind of English, although people also use
the term Singlish to refer to other kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used
by those who are not proficient in Standard English.
Data V
“Wah Piang! So crowded!”
Analysis Data V: in this uttarnce “Wah Piang” is Language from
Hokkien/Teocew that 20% spoken Chinese words. Which is the Singlish equivalent
of "my God!" They use Wah Piang! To express despair and sometimes anxiety
(Urban Dictionary, 2017). For instance, “wah piang! So crowded!” which mean
"My God! It’s so crowded”
Data VI
“Any one sitting here?”
Analysis Data VI: Singlish has its unique slang and syntax, which are more
pronounced in informal speech. Singapore is known for its efficiency and Singlish
is no different from Standard English. They intent to speak informally for efficiency
in daily conversation. Singlish is topic-prominent, like Chinese and Japanese. This
means that Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or a known reference of the
conversation), followed by a comment (or new information) Compared to other
varieties of English, the semantic relationship between topic and comment is not
important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and even entire subject-verb-object
phrases can all serve as the topic So in this utterance “Any one sitting here?” which
mean “is this chair occupied?”. The word ordering in data VI is not well arranged
as it usually ordered as “is this chair occupied”. Therefore, this is called as
colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words and expressions) informal
and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. In the following paragraphs the
term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very informal variety used in some
situations by native or proficient speakers of Singaporean English, who choose this
variety as an alternative to Standard English and often mix it with Standard English
(or with other languages). The term Singlish is usually used in ordinary usage for
this kind of English, although people also use the term Singlish to refer to other
kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used by those who are not proficient
in Standard English.
Data VII
“Can you chop this table?”
Analysis Data VII: in this utterance “chop” means “cut” the speaker want to
quickly marked that it was for her. It’s just informally language that usually
Singaporean use in daily conversation. But sometimes Indonesian also use this for
the example is “chop! Aku duduk di kursi ini diluan ya!”. So in this uttarence “can
you chop this table?” which means “can you reserve this table?”.
Data VIII
“There can sit”
Analysis data VIII: Singlish has its unique slang and syntax, which are more
pronounced in informal speech. Compared to other varieties of English, the
semantic relationship between topic and comment is not important; moreover,
nouns, verbs, adverbs, and even entire subject-verb-object phrases can all serve as
the topic. “there can sit” which means “you can sit over there” is this utterance the
speaker want to speak efficiency. The topic can be omitted when the context is
clear, or shared between clauses. This result in constructions that appear to be
missing a subject to a speaker of most other varieties of English, and so called PRO-
drop utterances may be regarded as a diagnostic feature of Singlish. The word
ordering in data VIII is not well arranged as it usually ordered as “you can sit over
there”. Therefore, this is called as colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is
(of words and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in
writing. In the following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers
to the very informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers
of Singaporean English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard
English and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages). The term
Singlish is usually used in ordinary usage for this kind of English, although people
also use the term Singlish to refer to other kinds of Singaporean English, which may
be used by those who are not proficient in Standard English.
Data IX
“You bring go first”
Analysis Data IX: Singlish is topic-prominent, like Chinese and Japanese.
This means that Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or a known reference
of the conversation), followed by a comment (or new information) Compared to
other varieties of English, the semantic relationship between topic and comment is
not important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and even entire subject-verb-object
phrases can all serve as the topic:
“You bring go first” which means “You can take this first”. In this utterance
the speaker change the verb from “take” to “bring”. There is no special explanation
just Singaporean intent to speak informally. The most important is not the
composition of grammar but they understand each other. The word ordering in data
IX is not well arranged as it usually ordered as “You can take this first”. Therefore,
this is called as colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words and
expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. In the
following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very
informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of
Singaporean English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English
and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages). The term Singlish
is usually used in ordinary usage for this kind of English, although people also use
the term Singlish to refer to other kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used
by those who are not proficient in Standard English.
Data X
“Here have meh?”
Analysis Data X: Particles in Singlish are highly comparable to Chinese. In
general, discourse particles, also known as "tags" occur at the end of a sentence.
Their presence changes the meaning or the tone of the sentence, but not its
grammatical meaning. Particles are noted for keeping their tones regardless of the
remainder of the sentence. Most of the particles are directly borrowed from southern
Chinese varieties, with the tones intact. in this utterance “meh” are included at the
end of a sentence to add emotions or feelings to the sentence. There is no
specification for the writing of the word because it is just a common dialect in the
word at the end of each sentence in Chinese language. So “here have meh?” which
means “are you sure they have it here?” In this sentence the speakers use "meh" to
emphasize the question to the listener. Meh is part of Singlish Discourse Particle.
Discourse Particle is a word or phrase that plays a role in managing the flow and
structure of discourse. Since their main function is at the level of discourse
(sequences of utterances) rather than at the level of utterances or sentences,
discourse markers are relatively syntax-independent and usually do not change the
truth conditional meaning of the sentence.
Data XI
”You want rice only or not?”
Analysis Data XI: In addition to the usual ‘which’ way of forming yes-no
questions, Singlish uses two more constructions:
In a construction similar (but not identical) to Chinese A-not-A, or not is
appended to the end of sentences to form yes/no questions. Or not cannot be used
with sentences already in the negative. So “You want rice only or not?” which
means “do you only want the rice is it?”. The phrase is it, appended to the end of
sentences, forms yes-no questions. It is generic like the French n'est-ce pas? (isn't
it so?), regardless of the actual verb in the sentence, Is it implies that the speaker is
simply confirming something he/she has already inferred.
Example: They never study, is it? (No wonder they failed!)
Data XII
“You got kopi?”
Analysis Data XII: Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or a known
reference of the conversation), followed by a comment (or new information)
Compared to other varieties of English, the semantic relationship between topic and
comment is not important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and even entire
subject-verb-object phrases can all serve as the topic. In this utterance the speaker
want to speak efficiency in her daily conversation so instead “Do you serve coffee?”
she said “You got Kopi”. There is no special explanation just Singaporean intent to
speak informally. The most important is not the composition of grammar but they
understand each other. The word ordering in data XII is not well arranged as it
usually ordered as “Do you serve coffee”. Therefore, this is called as colloquial
Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words and expressions) informal and more
suitable for use in speech than in writing. In the following paragraphs the term
Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very informal variety used in some
situations by native or proficient speakers of Singaporean English, who choose this
variety as an alternative to Standard English and often mix it with Standard English
(or with other languages). The term Singlish is usually used in ordinary usage for
this kind of English, although people also use the term Singlish to refer to other
kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used by those who are not proficient
in Standard English.
Data XIII
“Why take so long to eat?
Analysis Data XIII: Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or a known
reference of the conversation), followed by a comment (or new information)
Compared to other varieties of English, the semantic relationship between topic and
comment is not important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and even entire
subject-verb-object phrases can all serve as the topic. In this utterance the speaker
wants to speak efficiently by takeout noun and adj “why take so long to eat” instead
said “why you take such a long time to eat?”. The word ordering in data XIII is not
well arranged as it usually ordered as “why you take such a long time to eat”.
Therefore, this is called as colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words
and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. In
the following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very
informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of
Singaporean English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English
and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages). The term Singlish
is usually used in ordinary usage for this kind of English, although people also use
the term Singlish to refer to other kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used
by those who are not proficient in Standard English.
Data XIV
“It’s still hot, you think I am what?”
Analysis Data XIV: in this utterance the speaker says “you think I am what”
is simply the usual question for ”What sort of person do you think I am?” the
speaker express her feeling of her friends who think that she take so much time to
eat, eventough the food is still hot. So “it’s still hot, you think Iam what? Which
means “who do you take me for?”. The word ordering in data XIV is not well
arranged as it usually ordered as “who do you take me for?” Therefore, this is
called as colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words and expressions)
informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. In the following
paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very informal
variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of Singaporean
English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English and often
mix it with Standard English (or with other languages). The term Singlish is usually
used in ordinary usage for this kind of English, although people also use the term
Singlish to refer to other kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used by those
who are not proficient in Standard English.
Data XV
“Do you heard ? that gaument giving out the money again”
Analysis Data XV: It is highly likely that the English words spoken in
Singlish may not be discernible to the people because the speaker has adopted
localized intonations. “gaument” is the three-syllable word, “government” could be
shortened to two syllables and is spoken as “gaument”. So “Do you heard? That
gaument giving out that money again” which means The government is handling
the money again”
Data XVI
“Yes he sure get caught one”
Analysis Data XVI: Singlish has its unique slang and syntax, which are more
pronounced in informal speech. Singapore is known for its efficiency and Singlish
is no different from Standard English. They intent to speak informally for efficiency
in daily conversation. So when the speaker says “yes, he sure get caught one”.
Simply interpreted with “He is certain to be caught”. The word ordering in data
XVI is not well arranged as it usually ordered as “He is certain to be caught”.
Therefore, this is called as colloquial Singaporean English. Colloquial is (of words
and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. In
the following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very
informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of
Singaporean English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English
and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages). The term Singlish
is usually used in ordinary usage for this kind of English, although people also use
the term Singlish to refer to other kinds of Singaporean English, which may be used
by those who are not proficient in Standard English.
Data XVII
“He can bring it here, mah”
Analysis Data XVII: in this utterance the speaker use Discourse Particle and
Topic prominence This means that Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or
a known reference of the conversation), followed by a comment (or new
information) Compared to other varieties of English, the semantic relationship
between topic and comment is not important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and
even entire subject-verb-object phrases can all serve as the topic. Discourse Particle
“mah” also known as "tags" occur at the end of a sentence. Their presence changes
the meaning or the tone of the sentence, but not its grammatical meaning. Particles
are noted for keeping their tones regardless of the remainder of the sentence. “mah”
particles are directly borrowed from southern Chinese varieties, with the tones
intact. So the uttarnce of “he can bring it there mah” interpreted as “he should have
no problem to bring it here”. Mah and lor is part of Singlish Discourse Particle.
Discourse Particle is a word or phrase that plays a role in managing the flow and
structure of discourse. Since their main function is at the level of discourse
(sequences of utterances) rather than at the level of utterances or sentences,
discourse markers are relatively syntax-independent and usually do not change the
truth conditional meaning of the sentence.
4.2 Discussion
Singlish that has been analyzed by the writer above has been given the
source of chinese which is actually already described from the right English
grammar. To make it easier for anyone traveling to Singapore or the new comer to
Singapore will have the references that if they find a composite word like the
examples already mentioned in the table above, it’s not going to be a strange for
them to hear about the Singlish slang. Some nouns are placed not grammatically,
sometimes in front and sometimes also in the back. Usually, a sentence in Singlish
will have all the nouns, adjectives, prepositions (if any) and adverbs jumbled up.
Actually, most Singlish sentences are structured according to how Chinese
sentences are constructed (thought out), rather than following the rules of English
sentence construction. People will, without doubt, be at a lost when an entire
conversation is spoken in this manner. And maybe will get to hear this all the time
in public places when Singaporeans speaks in “English”, or Singlish.
The writer will explain a little bit of common word "Alamak". of the
Singaporean English Characterstic Classsificatiom Influenced by Multi language
Culture. The writer identify Singlish/dialect of every culture, from each people
living in Singapore. Chinese and Malay, The common word in Singlish that people
often don’t understand in Singlish is is Alamak! Which is the Singlish equivalent
of "Oh my gosh!" They use Alamak! To express despair and sometimes anxiety.
For instance, "Alamak! I forgot to bring my assignment!"
A Singlish sentence often ends with words like "lah", "leh", "meh" or "lor".
These utterances are included at the end of a sentence to add emotions or feelings
to the sentence. A common use of such end-of-sentence phrase is in the phrase "OK
lah" which is the Singlish equivalent for "Okie dokie". The difference is fairly subtle
and can be fully understood only after years of exposure to Singlish. There are also
phrases and words which are distinctly Singlish.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
The conclusions and suggestion is the last chapter where the writer draws
the conclusions to answer the problem statements in chapter 1 based on the analysis
in chapter IV, besides, the writer gives the suggestions for the other in relation to
the topic of this paper. After comprehending and analyzing Singaporean Singlish
language, it can be inferred that the Singlish and Standard English, simply speaking,
an eye-opener, an enlightenment. English is only understood by Singaporean whose
mother tongue is like chinese, malay etc. New people will be difficult to understand.
It’s really way many differences from the standard English either in grammar, or in
vocabulary. Singlish have many mistake in Grammars, But has been recognized
and understood by the Singaporean. For other countries specifically its Asia is still
easy to understand Singlish, but for countries in europe or western people will have
difficult to understand when communication with them. Their vocabulary in
adoption of the mother tongue is difficult to understand.
5.2. Suggestion
Based on the problem statements and after having analysis, the writer
suggest for:
5.2.1 foreigners
The writer hope that this paper can help foreigners who are on holiday to
Singapore. This paper can help them to understand every citizen like the seller of
souvenir and certain places that live in multicultural society in Singapore
5.2.2 The Students
This paper also suggest to the students who want study in Singapore (student
exchange). Because Singlish is greatly affect the language in the world of education
such as schools and universities. So that they can be more understand the society
language in schools or universities.
5.2.3 Other Researcher
Other researchers can use this paper as their references and master to
distinguish the differences of using Singlish and Standard English.
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APPENDIX
This transcript is raw data that writer has got by way of recording:
Ria: hi guys…
Lusy : Wah liau! so late!
Ria : sorry lah, the immigration is so long
Phing cen : Where you want to makan ?
Ria : ohh…well, its…up to you guys…where you want to go
Lusy : No choise, mah must go down town , lor.
Ria: oh really ?
Phing cen : summer pavilion leh. Going to rain orredy.
Lusy : Wah piang ! so crowded!
Phing chen : Anyone sitting here ? Can you chope this table please?
Hello…??can you chope this table please?
(to the writers)
Writers: no, you can have it
Phing : There can sit…sit sit sit!
Lucy : You bring go first.
Phing chen : what do you want to eat ?
Ria : toppoki Mozarella
Lucy : Here have meh?
Phing : yes they have.. You want rice only or not?
Lucy : yes. You got kopi ?
Phing : Why take so long to eat ?
Lucy : its still hot! You think I am what ?
Phing : do you heard ? that Gaument giving out money again
Lucy : yes, He sure get caugh one.
Phing : He can bring it there , mah
CURRICULUM VITAE
Data Pribadi
➢ Nama : Riani Dwi Putri
➢ Tempat/tanggal lahir : Batam, 1 April 1995
➢ Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan
➢ Agama : Islam
➢ Berat Badan : 70 kg
➢ Tinggi Badan : 165 cm
➢ Alamat : Tiban BTN Blok F No.5, Batam
➢ Handphone : 081268279070
➢ Status : Belum menikah
➢ E_mail : [email protected]
➢ Nama Ayah : Ombedi
➢ Nama Ibu : Sugimah
DATA PENDIDIKAN
➢ SD : SDN 007 Tiban, Batam (2001 – 2007)
➢ SMP : SMP Kartini Batam (2007 – 2010)
➢ SMA : SMA Kartini Batam (2010 – 2013)
➢ PERGURUAN TINGGI : GICI ABA PH (2014 – 2017).
PENGALAMAN
➢ P.T Telkom Indonesia : 2014 - 2016
JABATAN : CTB RIKEP ADMIN CENTRE
KEMAMPUAN BAHASA
➢ ENGLISH(NATIVE SPEAKER-FLUENTLY IN ORAL AND
WRITTEN)
➢ KOREAN(SPEAK FLUENTLY IN ORAL AND WRITTEN)
➢ JAPAN(FAIR BASIC)
➢ MANDARIN(FAIR BASIC)