simulation asigmnt

8/14/2019 Simulation Asigmnt

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TKU 3023

Information and Communication

Technology In Chemistry

Simulation

Title : Atomic structure

Group A

Group member

Name Matrix No.

Nadiatul Azima Bt Ahmad Sabri D20081032358

Norhadisah Bt Mohd. Zaini D20081032367

Lecturers Name:Pn. Asmayati

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Contents

1. Introduction..2

2. Engage...4

3. Empower...5

4. Enhance11

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Matter

Matter is everything that has mass and occupied spaces. It is made ofatoms and

molecules.

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They are the smallest units of an element:

An element is composed of only one kind of atom

In compounds the atoms of two or more elements combine in definite

arrangements

Mixtures do not involve the specific interactions between elements found incompounds, and the elements which comprise the mixture can be of varying ratios

Theory of Matter

The atom is considered the basic unit of any element, and atoms may combine

chemically to form molecules.The molecule being the smallest unit of any

substance that possesses the properties of that substance. An element in moderntheory is any substance that have the same atomic number, while a compound is

composed of different types of atoms together in molecules.

State of matter

There are three states of matter which is solids, liquids, and gases.

Matter in the solid state has both a definite volume and a definite shape. Matter inthe liquid state has a definite volume but no definite shape, assuming the shape of

whatever container it is placed in. Matter in the gaseous state has neither adefinite volume nor a definite shape and expands to fill any container

Atomic Structure

Atoms are made up of 3 types of particles electrons , protons and

neutrons . These particles have different properties. Electrons are tiny,

very light particles that have a negative electrical charge (-). Protons are much

larger and heavier than electrons and have the opposite charge, protons have a

positive charge. Neutrons are large and heavy like protons, however neutrons

have no electrical charge. Each atom is made up of a combination of theseparticles.

Atoms have electrical charges. Some atoms can either gain or lose electrons (the

number of protons never changes in an atom). If an atom gains electrons, the

atom becomes negatively charged. If the atom loses electrons, the atom becomes

positively charged (because the number of positively charged protons will exceedthe number of electrons). An atom that carries an electrical charge is called an

ion.

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http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_intro.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0805227.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0833627.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0817024.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0805235.htmlhttp://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_intro.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0805227.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0833627.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0817024.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0805235.html


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Number of proton and nucleon number

The atomic number is also given the more descriptive name of proton number.

The mass number is also called the nucleon number

Isotopes

The number of neutrons in an atom can vary within small limits. For example,

there are three kinds of carbon atom 12C, 13C and 14C. They all have the samenumber of protons, but the number of neutrons varies.

protons neutrons mass number

carbon-12 6 6 12

carbon-13 6 7 13

carbon-14 6 8 14

These different atoms of carbon are called isotopes. Isotopes are atoms which

have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. They have the same

number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

The arrangement of the electrons

The electrons are found at considerable distances from the nucleus in a series of

levels called energy levels. Each energy level can only hold a certain number of

electrons. The first level (nearest the nucleus) will only hold 2 electrons, the

second holds 8, and the third also seems to be full when it has 8 electrons.

These levels can be thought of as getting progressively further from the nucleus.

Electrons will always go into the lowest possible energy level

For example the arrangement of electron in Sodium,Na atoms:

ENGAGE

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No of proton= atomic number of the atom

No of proton + no of neutrons= mass number of the atom


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You are given the picture as shown below:

1. What do you observe?

2. What is the process occurs during the freezing

and melting the ice cube?

3. How could this happen?

EMPOWER

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Steps1. The Kinetic Theory explains the differences between the three states of matter.

2. The three states of matter are

Solid

Liquid

Gas3. See the video and observe the characteristic of each state of matter to answer the

question

State of matter (video 1)State of matter (video 2)

Result;Video 1

States of matter

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http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch5/States%20of%20Matter.flvhttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch5/Chemistry%20Animation%20-%20States%20of%20Matter.flvhttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch5/States%20of%20Matter.flvhttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch5/Chemistry%20Animation%20-%20States%20of%20Matter.flv


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Solid state

Video 2

The strength of forces that hold atoms at each states

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Compressibility at each states

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Questions

Complete the table below.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Atomic

structure

Shape

Volume

Particlemovement

Force

Compressibility

Example

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Answer

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Atomicstructure

Shape Fixed shape No fixed shape: follow

the shape of container

No fixed shape: follow

the shape of container

Volume Fixed volume Fixed volume No fixed volume

Particle

movement

Collide only with

near neighbour

Move randomly but

limited

Move rapidly and

randomly

Attractions

Force

Strong

intermolecular forces

Normal intermolecular

forces

No intermolecular

forces

Bonds Strong bonds Weak bonds No bonds

Compressibility Cannot compress;

particle closelypacked and no space

Can be compress; have

space between atoms

Maximum

compression: lot ofempty space between

atoms

Example Sugar, wood Milk, water Oxygen, Nitrogen

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d)

e)

f)

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g)

h)

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