Systems Thinking Historical Perspectives and Exploration Today

Dr Patrick A SimpkinsDirector Engineering

Kennedy Space Center

Used with Permission

Systems EngineeringSystems Thinking

bull Significant role in the vast majority of scientific and engineering advances over the centuries

bull James Burke in ldquoConnectionsrdquo describes the connections via systems thinking between simple efforts and needs (read ldquorequirementsrdquo) and technological advancesndash From weather prediction to rocket engines

bull Today the trades and ldquoconnectionsrdquo via systems thinking are required to a truly universal degree in Constellation Program efforts

Weather to Atom Bombsbull Lightning rods ndash Franklin 1752bull Fashion hit in 1770rsquosbull Weather observation - 1861bull Cloud colored rings noted while observing light above a mountain at

the Cambridge Observatory CTR Wilson - 1894bull Used X-rays to produce clouds in a test chamberhellipdroplets

coagulating on ions separated via the radiation ndash 1896bull Edward Appleton working with Wilson on lightning flashes and

cause of crackle when lighting occurred during radio transmissions ndash1925

bull Robert Watson Watt uses Appletonrsquos discovery of radio to locate storms and eventually bouncing radio signals off of the ionized layer of atmosphere known as the Appleton Layer to patent Radio Detection and Ranging device RADAR ndash 1935

bull Meanwhile Ernest Rutherford took the pictures of Wilsonrsquos experiments showing the streaks of droplets and working in the field of atomic physics observed the pictures as depicting the scattering of subatomic particles of alpha radiation

bull Discovery of the atom ndash 1912bull Atom Bomb dropped on Hiroshima - 1945

Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed

fashion

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FLA - A powerful electrical storm created an eerie tapestry of light in the skies near Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39A in the hours preceding the launch of Challenger on mission STS-8 at 232 am EDT today

Lightning makes a dramatic background and slows the rollout of space shuttle Discovery for STS-128 to Launch Pad 39A at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida

The battle of Fleurus with the

balloon lEntreprenant in the background

Chandler David editor Napoleons Marshals New York Macmillan 1987 ISBN 0-02-905930-5

Systems EngineeringSystems Thinking

bull Significant role in the vast majority of scientific and engineering advances over the centuries

bull James Burke in ldquoConnectionsrdquo describes the connections via systems thinking between simple efforts and needs (read ldquorequirementsrdquo) and technological advancesndash From weather prediction to rocket engines

bull Today the trades and ldquoconnectionsrdquo via systems thinking are required to a truly universal degree in Constellation Program efforts

Weather to Atom Bombsbull Lightning rods ndash Franklin 1752bull Fashion hit in 1770rsquosbull Weather observation - 1861bull Cloud colored rings noted while observing light above a mountain at

the Cambridge Observatory CTR Wilson - 1894bull Used X-rays to produce clouds in a test chamberhellipdroplets

coagulating on ions separated via the radiation ndash 1896bull Edward Appleton working with Wilson on lightning flashes and

cause of crackle when lighting occurred during radio transmissions ndash1925

bull Robert Watson Watt uses Appletonrsquos discovery of radio to locate storms and eventually bouncing radio signals off of the ionized layer of atmosphere known as the Appleton Layer to patent Radio Detection and Ranging device RADAR ndash 1935

bull Meanwhile Ernest Rutherford took the pictures of Wilsonrsquos experiments showing the streaks of droplets and working in the field of atomic physics observed the pictures as depicting the scattering of subatomic particles of alpha radiation

bull Discovery of the atom ndash 1912bull Atom Bomb dropped on Hiroshima - 1945

Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed

fashion

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FLA - A powerful electrical storm created an eerie tapestry of light in the skies near Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39A in the hours preceding the launch of Challenger on mission STS-8 at 232 am EDT today

Lightning makes a dramatic background and slows the rollout of space shuttle Discovery for STS-128 to Launch Pad 39A at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida

The battle of Fleurus with the

balloon lEntreprenant in the background

Chandler David editor Napoleons Marshals New York Macmillan 1987 ISBN 0-02-905930-5

Weather to Atom Bombsbull Lightning rods ndash Franklin 1752bull Fashion hit in 1770rsquosbull Weather observation - 1861bull Cloud colored rings noted while observing light above a mountain at

the Cambridge Observatory CTR Wilson - 1894bull Used X-rays to produce clouds in a test chamberhellipdroplets

coagulating on ions separated via the radiation ndash 1896bull Edward Appleton working with Wilson on lightning flashes and

cause of crackle when lighting occurred during radio transmissions ndash1925

bull Robert Watson Watt uses Appletonrsquos discovery of radio to locate storms and eventually bouncing radio signals off of the ionized layer of atmosphere known as the Appleton Layer to patent Radio Detection and Ranging device RADAR ndash 1935

bull Meanwhile Ernest Rutherford took the pictures of Wilsonrsquos experiments showing the streaks of droplets and working in the field of atomic physics observed the pictures as depicting the scattering of subatomic particles of alpha radiation

bull Discovery of the atom ndash 1912bull Atom Bomb dropped on Hiroshima - 1945

Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed

fashion

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FLA - A powerful electrical storm created an eerie tapestry of light in the skies near Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39A in the hours preceding the launch of Challenger on mission STS-8 at 232 am EDT today

Lightning makes a dramatic background and slows the rollout of space shuttle Discovery for STS-128 to Launch Pad 39A at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida

The battle of Fleurus with the

balloon lEntreprenant in the background

Chandler David editor Napoleons Marshals New York Macmillan 1987 ISBN 0-02-905930-5

Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed

fashion

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FLA - A powerful electrical storm created an eerie tapestry of light in the skies near Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39A in the hours preceding the launch of Challenger on mission STS-8 at 232 am EDT today

Lightning makes a dramatic background and slows the rollout of space shuttle Discovery for STS-128 to Launch Pad 39A at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida

The battle of Fleurus with the

balloon lEntreprenant in the background

Chandler David editor Napoleons Marshals New York Macmillan 1987 ISBN 0-02-905930-5

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FLA - A powerful electrical storm created an eerie tapestry of light in the skies near Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39A in the hours preceding the launch of Challenger on mission STS-8 at 232 am EDT today

Lightning makes a dramatic background and slows the rollout of space shuttle Discovery for STS-128 to Launch Pad 39A at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida

The battle of Fleurus with the

balloon lEntreprenant in the background

Chandler David editor Napoleons Marshals New York Macmillan 1987 ISBN 0-02-905930-5

The battle of Fleurus with the

balloon lEntreprenant in the background

Chandler David editor Napoleons Marshals New York Macmillan 1987 ISBN 0-02-905930-5

CTR Watsonrsquos Cloud Chamber

The Daventry Experiment

The mushroom cloud over Hiroshimaafter the dropping of Little Boy

The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasakirises 18 km (11 mi 60000 ft) into the air from the hypocenter

httpwwwdefenselinkmilmultimediaabouthtml

The Daventry Experiment

The mushroom cloud over Hiroshimaafter the dropping of Little Boy

The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasakirises 18 km (11 mi 60000 ft) into the air from the hypocenter

httpwwwdefenselinkmilmultimediaabouthtml

The mushroom cloud over Hiroshimaafter the dropping of Little Boy

The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasakirises 18 km (11 mi 60000 ft) into the air from the hypocenter

httpwwwdefenselinkmilmultimediaabouthtml

Refrigeration to Rocket Enginesbull John Gorrie helped understand the need for cold patented the first ice-

making machine ndash 1851bull James Harrison and Thomas Mort develop refrigeration systems to be used

to ship meat from Australia to head off famine in England ndash 1873bull More importantly perhaps Harrison experimented initially with refrigeration

in breweriesbull Raoul Pictet produced a small amount of liquid gas for the first time ndash 1877bull A Frenchman Jules Violle worked out a way of isolating liquid gas from its

surroundings using a vacuum but a Scotsman names Sir James Dewar perfected it silvering both internal and external to the tank ndash 1890

bull American Robert Goddard was second man to take interest in the technology ndash 1930rsquos

bull German Herman Oberth noticed the fuel system potential and one of his assistantrsquos Werner von Braun helped include pumps a navigation system and a combustion chamber ndash 1940rsquos

Diagram of John Gorries Ice Machine From US Patent 8080 May 6 1851

The 1895 cycle

Diagram of John Gorries Ice Machine From US Patent 8080 May 6 1851

The 1895 cycle

Page from a US patent application US Patent number 872795 issue date 1907-12-03

httppatftusptogovnetacginph-Parserpatentnumber=872795] Picture of Sir James Dewar the scientist

German rockets (A) and Meillerwagen trailers (B) were quickly spotted at Peenemuumlnde in June 1943 but the long object pointing out to sea from the airfield--seen on the same photograph--was wrongly interpreted as a length of pipe connected with offshore dredging operations Only in December was it realised that this structure (C) and the adjacent one (D) were prototype flying-bomb catapults All A 4 rockets were test-fired either from the elliptical Test Stand VII (E) or from its triangular foreshore[2]

Irving David (1964) The Mares Nest p5064a656769265 London William Kimber and Co NOTE The image in The Mares Nest depicts a wider area including the shoreline and part of the Luftwaffe area

German rockets (A) and Meillerwagen trailers (B) were quickly spotted at Peenemuumlnde in June 1943 but the long object pointing out to sea from the airfield--seen on the same photograph--was wrongly interpreted as a length of pipe connected with offshore dredging operations Only in December was it realised that this structure (C) and the adjacent one (D) were prototype flying-bomb catapults All A 4 rockets were test-fired either from the elliptical Test Stand VII (E) or from its triangular foreshore[2]

Irving David (1964) The Mares Nest p5064a656769265 London William Kimber and Co NOTE The image in The Mares Nest depicts a wider area including the shoreline and part of the Luftwaffe area

Launch of a V2 in Peenemuumlnde photo taken four seconds after taking off from test stand Summer 1943

Deutsches Bundesarchiv (German Federal Archive) Bild 141-1880

To the present dayhellipSystems Engineering and

Systems Thinking for something newhellipfrom suits

hellipto space ships

hellipto the rockets that lift them

hellipto space ships

hellipto the rockets that lift them

hellipto the rockets that lift them

hellipto the pads that launch them

hellipto the infrastructure that gets us there

hellipit all requires systems thinking

Thank you

Questions

• Systems Thinking Historical Perspectives and Exploration Today
• Systems EngineeringSystems Thinking
• Weather to Atom Bombs
• Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed fashion
• Slide Number 5
• The battle of Fleurus with the balloon lEntreprenant in the background
• CTR Watsonrsquos Cloud Chamber
• The Daventry Experiment
• Slide Number 9
• Refrigeration to Rocket Engines
• Slide Number 11
• Slide Number 12
• Slide Number 13
• Slide Number 14
• To the present dayhellipSystems Engineering and Systems Thinking for something newhellipfrom suits
• hellipto space ships
• hellipto the rockets that lift them
• hellipto the pads that launch them
• hellipto the infrastructure that gets us there
• hellipit all requires systems thinking
• Slide Number 21

hellipto the infrastructure that gets us there

hellipit all requires systems thinking

Thank you

Questions

• Systems Thinking Historical Perspectives and Exploration Today
• Systems EngineeringSystems Thinking
• Weather to Atom Bombs
• Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed fashion
• Slide Number 5
• The battle of Fleurus with the balloon lEntreprenant in the background
• CTR Watsonrsquos Cloud Chamber
• The Daventry Experiment
• Slide Number 9
• Refrigeration to Rocket Engines
• Slide Number 11
• Slide Number 12
• Slide Number 13
• Slide Number 14
• To the present dayhellipSystems Engineering and Systems Thinking for something newhellipfrom suits
• hellipto space ships
• hellipto the rockets that lift them
• hellipto the pads that launch them
• hellipto the infrastructure that gets us there
• hellipit all requires systems thinking
• Slide Number 21

hellipit all requires systems thinking

Thank you

Questions

• Systems Thinking Historical Perspectives and Exploration Today
• Systems EngineeringSystems Thinking
• Weather to Atom Bombs
• Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed fashion
• Slide Number 5
• The battle of Fleurus with the balloon lEntreprenant in the background
• CTR Watsonrsquos Cloud Chamber
• The Daventry Experiment
• Slide Number 9
• Refrigeration to Rocket Engines
• Slide Number 11
• Slide Number 12
• Slide Number 13
• Slide Number 14
• To the present dayhellipSystems Engineering and Systems Thinking for something newhellipfrom suits
• hellipto space ships
• hellipto the rockets that lift them
• hellipto the pads that launch them
• hellipto the infrastructure that gets us there
• hellipit all requires systems thinking
• Slide Number 21

Thank you

Questions

• Systems Thinking Historical Perspectives and Exploration Today
• Systems EngineeringSystems Thinking
• Weather to Atom Bombs
• Ben Franklin didnrsquot just change how we look at electricity and lightninghelliphe changed fashion
• Slide Number 5
• The battle of Fleurus with the balloon lEntreprenant in the background
• CTR Watsonrsquos Cloud Chamber
• The Daventry Experiment
• Slide Number 9
• Refrigeration to Rocket Engines
• Slide Number 11
• Slide Number 12
• Slide Number 13
• Slide Number 14
• To the present dayhellipSystems Engineering and Systems Thinking for something newhellipfrom suits
• hellipto space ships
• hellipto the rockets that lift them
• hellipto the pads that launch them
• hellipto the infrastructure that gets us there
• hellipit all requires systems thinking
• Slide Number 21