similarities and differences between first and second generation muslim empires
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Similarities and differences between First and second Generation Muslim Empires. First Generation: Umayyad, Abbasid and Delhi Sultanate. Second Generation: Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal. Similarities. Problems of succession Warrior Aristocracy Divided Population - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Similarities and differences between First and second
Generation Muslim Empires
Second Generation: Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal
First Generation: Umayyad, Abbasid and Delhi Sultanate
Similarities• Problems of succession• Warrior Aristocracy• Divided Population• Creative Culture where
learning was emphasized
Differences • Earlier ones enjoyed
monopoly on trade• Later empires had substantial
land based militaries • Later empires began losing
edge to Europeans
The Mughal Empire
I. ORIGINS
• Key Ruler:
–Moved into N. India–Gunpowder
–Islam
Babur (1500s)
II. Empire Building• Key ruler:
– Defeated remaining Indian armies
–Consolidated rule
–Improved conditions of women
–Economic boom—
Akbar
–Policy of Peace between Hindus & Muslims
–Blending of Culture:Famed Cotton
*Child Marriages ended
Indian and Persian
Policy of Peace between Hindus & Muslims
• Govt. Jobs to Hindus
• Religious tolerance
• Permitted intermarriage: Akbar takes a Hindu wife
• Ended Jizya—Special tax on Hindus
III. Apex of Achievement
• Key rulers:
–Series of cultural achievements
–Military conquests and expansion–Capital moves to Delhi
–Red Fort and Taj Mahal
–Draining of the Treasury
–Beginning of the end…Twilight
Jahangir & Shah Jahin
Re growth of citiesContact w/ each other through textile trade (cotton)
Same time period: 1500 and 1600s
Trade facilitated achievement
Delhi & AgraBlending of Indian/ Persian influencesRulers were patron of the artsConnected Art/Religion
Fell behind Europe in scienceApex – architecture (Taj Mahal & Red Fort)
Venice & FlorenceRevival of Greek/Roman heritage
Merchants served as patron of the arts
Secular artMoved ahead of India in scienceApex – sculpture & art (Da Vinci & Michelangelo
Taj Mahal Red Fort
Akbar Style-blending ofPersian/Indian influences
IV. Decline• Key ruler:
–Control all India–Purify Islam–Reverse female gains–Military drains treasury
–Internal revolts–vulnerable
Aurangzeb