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Medical Immunology DNML 1142

by Mr Norazli Ghadin

http://www.powerpointstyles.com/



Assesment

Carry mark : 40%(Mid sem & Assigment)

Final Exam : 60%



INTRO. CELL&ORGAN HOW DISEASE TEST

1. Definition

2. Importanc

e

3. Type of

immunity

4. General

characteri

stic

Cell

1. Agranulocyte

• Lymphocyte

• Monocyte

2. Granulocyte

• Neutrophils

• Basophils

• Eosinophils

3. Dendritic cell

4. Mast cell

5. Others

Organ

1. Lymphoid

primer

• Bone

marrow

• Thymus

2.Lymphoid

secondary

• Lymphatic

Vessel

• Lymph

Nodes

1. Antigen

2. Antibody

3. Agglutinatio

n

4. Non-specific

immunity

• First barrier

• Scnd barrier

5. Specific

immunity

• Third barrier

6. cytokines

1. Hypersen

sitivity

2. HLA @

MHC

3. Immunol

ogical

disorder

1. Immun

oassay

2. immun

ofluore

scence



REFERENCE BOOKS

1. A SHORT COURCE IMMUNOLOGY FIFTH EDITION

Author: Richard coico, Geoffrey sunshine, El Benjamin

2. A SHORT COURCE IMMUNOLOGY SECOND EDITION

Author: Eli Benjamin and friends

3. Others



Introduction

Learning objectives:

1. Understanding immunology definition in

terms of language and terminology

2. Knowing the importance of the immune

system

3. Knowing the types of the immune system in

humans and the general characteristics



DEFINITION Immunology–

Immunis (Greek) : exempt, free

Logos : science

Definition:

the study of the reaction of tissues of the immune system of the body to antigenic stimulation.



Terminology

• Antibody - A protein substance produced in

the blood or tissues in response to a specific

antigen that destroys or weakens bacteria and

neutralizes organic poisons.

• Antigen - Any substance that stimulates

the immune system to manufacture

antibodies



Importance of Immunity

• Protect the body from harmful

substances (viruses, bacteria,

fungi, pathogens, parasites, etc.)

• Destroy abnormal cells in the body

(cancer cells)

• Prevent the unwanted destruction

of its own cells (Autoimmune

disease)



Future importance ….

Combination of immunology, genetics and

biotechnology studies may to contribute to an

understanding of: -

• Infection

• Cancer of the bone marrow and blood cells

• Allergic reaction

• Autoimmune disease

• Deficiency of immune cells

• Diseases associated with immunosuppresion



Types of Immunity

1) INNATE IMMUNITY

2) ACQUIRED IMMUNITY



General Characteristics

1. Not specific to a particular antigen

2. Prompt and quick response (minutes)

3. No memory

4. Components of immunity:

– Natural defense (e.g. skins)

– Phagocytes

– Solute (complement protein)

INNATE@NATURAL IMMUNITY



1. Specific to a particular antigen

2. Slow response (a few days)

3. have memory

4. Immune components:

1. Lymphocytes

2. Antibodies

5. Example :Chicken pox, rubella vaccine

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY



NATURAL IMMUNITY

1) Physical barrier

- skin

- mucous membrane in respiratory

- hairs in the nasal tract

- lining cells of the intestinal tract



2) Chemical barrier

- gastric juice

- saliva (air liur)

- sweat (peluh)

- tears

- human milk



3) Phagocytosis

- phagocyte cells engulf and destroy an

invading organism, cellular debris, toxin

and foreign body..

*phagocytic cells

- Neutrophil and macrophages



4) Action of natural killer cells

- non-specific, non-phagocytic cells which

can damage virus-infected tissue cells..

5) Action of body’s natural microbial flora

(bacteria normally found in certain part of

the body)

6) Influence by genetic factor



• Specific immune reaction against a

foreign antigen (invading organism,

harmful cell or toxic substance)

• 2 types of reaction

– Humoral immune response (humoral)

– Cell mediated immune response

(cellular)

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY



Terminology

• Humoral immunity :

a form of immunity mediated by circulating

antibodies (immunoglobulins IgA, IgB, and

IgM), which coat the antigens and target them

for destruction by polymorphonuclear

neutrophils.

• Cell mediated : mechanism of acquired immunity characterized

by the dominant role of T cell lymphocytes.



• Humoral immune response

- Antibody produced by antigen stimulated immune cells

(B-lymphocyte)

- Circulate in the blood

- Produce antibody to react specifically against the

specific antigen

• Cell-mediated immune response

– Immune cells (T-Lymphocyte and

macrophages) directly attack intracellular

pathogens, tumor cells and foreign tissue



Acquired Immunity

1. Active

2. Passive



Active acquired immunity

recognized a foreign antigen

react specifically

destruction

inactivate

record information about it..



• Occurs when:

– Naturally when the body exposed

to infection

– Artificially when a person is

stimulated to produce antibodies

(immunized or vaccinated against

a particular disease)



Passive acquired immunity

• Antibody that has been formed in

another person/animal are

introduced into the body of a non-

immune person (antibody transfer)

• Occurs when:

– Naturally (from placenta to baby

during pregnancy, breast milk)

– Artificially (receive

antitoxin/gammaglobulin in the

treatment)



• Natural (Non-specific)

– Mechanical barrier

– Chemical barrier

– Phagocytosis

– Killer cells

– Body’s natural microbial

flora

– Genetic factor

• Acquired (Specific)

– Pasive

• Transplacental/breast

milk

• Antitoxin/gammaglobuli

n

– Active

• Infection

• Immunization/vaccinati

on

summary



Objective Checks

1. What is immunology?

2. What is immunity?

3. What is types of immunity?

4. Characteristic of innate immunity

5. Examples of innate immunity

6. Characteristic of acquired immunity?

7. Example of acquired immunity?

8. Describe humoral immunity

9. Describe cell mediated?

10. What is the differences of passive and active

immunity?

11. What is differences of humoral and passive

immunity?



end


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