shift to industrialization
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Shift to Industrialization. INDUSTRIALIZATION. In the early nineteenth century, the United States began a transition from a predominantly agricultural economy to an industrial one. hallharbor.com. THE ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT BROUGHT ABOUT RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION WERE:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Shift to Industrialization
In the early nineteenth century, the United States began a transition from a predominantly
agricultural economy to an industrial one.
hallharbor.com
INDUSTRIALIZATION
THE ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT BROUGHT ABOUT RAPID
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION WERE:
1) PLENTIFUL NATURAL RESOURCES
2) IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION
3) GROWING POPULATION => workforce / labor
4) NEW INVENTIONS
5) INVESTMENT CAPITAL => $$$
The shift from agriculture to industrialization caused an economic boom and made goods accessible to the
masses.
YEA! INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION!!!
THE MAJOR EVENTS IN or CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ERA OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WERE:
1) the FACTORY SYSTEM
3) POPULATION SHIFT TO CITIES => URBANIZATION
2) INVENTIONS
4) IMMIGRATION
6) REFORM MOVEMENTS
5) EXPANSION OF SLAVERY and also => slave rebellions
INVENTIONS CHANGED INDUSTRIES AND SOCIETY
COTTON GIN – made the cotton cleaning process more efficient
MECHANICAL REAPER – cut ripe grain faster—increased farm productivity
BESSEMER STEEL PROCESS –
first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel.
Decreased the cost, which… Increased steel production and work force
But for many workers, especially skilled artisans, the new industrial economy led to a devaluation
of their skills and loss of social status.
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Booooooo,
Industrial
Revolution!
For less-skilled workers industrialization often meant exploitation, long hours, and low pay.
Booooooo,
Industrial
Revolution!!!
For others, the new manufacturing economy opened up opportunities
for advancement.
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YEA! INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION!!!
The group of workers most dramatically
affected by the onset of industrialization
was artisans, or workers who used
specialized skills to produce consumer
goods, from shoes to bread to candles.
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In the colonial period skilled artisans worked in small shops attached to their
homes, using hand tools to produce
goods for local consumption.
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They also used an apprenticeship system, training boys in their skills in exchange for their labor.
The relationship between artisan and apprentice was close. Typically an apprentice lived in his master’s
house, receiving food, clothing, and education.
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In the new factory system, first pioneered by Samuel Slater in Rhode Island, the
artisan system of small-scale production was replaced with a new set of roles:
owners, managers, and wage workers.
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The owner provided the money for the enterprise, the manager supervised the workers, and the laborers did the actual work, which was
usually less skilled than the traditional crafts practiced by skilled artisans.
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Some industries, such as textiles, shifted relatively rapidly to the use of power-driven machinery.
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In contrast, other industries like shoe production, did not and continued to employ
many manual laborers into the 1860s.
In both cases, the old craft traditions of artisans suffered because manufacturers could break down the production
process into simple steps that could be performed by workers with minimal training.
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Booooooo,
Industrial
Revolution!!!!
On the other hand, the production process made more goods available to more people and at cheaper prices!
YEA! INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION!!!
Factory work changed many aspects of daily life and culture.
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CHANGES IN DAILY LIFE
Booooooo,
Industrial
Revolution!
The work rhythm of artisans before the rise of the factory included periods of intense work activity followed by down
time in which artisans might socialize with one another, perhaps meeting in a tavern to hang out and discuss politics.
Under industrialization the clock ruled.
No more siestas!
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Factory workers were required to follow a strict schedule and perform at a steady pace day in
and day out.
With artisan production, skilled craftsmen produced items individually by hand. Each item was unique. It took time to make and was expensive. Also, if a part broke or was lost, the item had to be taken back to the person who made it so they could create the missing or broken part again by hand.
That was a pain and also very expensive! But now…
CHANGES IN THE WAY GOODS WERE MANUFACTURED
Factory goods were designed part by part to be identical—the parts interchangeable…INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS!!!
Products could be produced FASTER, CHEAPER, in LARGE NUMBERS with less skilled, lower-waged workers which
made the goods more affordable.
YEA! INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION!!!
The new system also led to a sharp separation between home and workplace.
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Before 1800, most artisans in New York had workshops attached to their homes, but by 1840, two-thirds of them lived in one place and worked in another.
The factory system separated home and workplace...
…and caused a major shift to urban areas—urbanization.
Relationship between urbanization and conflicts resulting from differences in religion, social class, and political beliefs:
2) Discrimination towards immigrants, women, and children
3) Anti-immigration sentiment because immigrants willing to work for lower wages
4) Overcrowded apartment buildings
5) Crime6) Disease7) Fires8) Know-Nothing Party => strict immigration policies
1) Poverty
9) Reform movements —abolition, women’s rights, child labor laws, etc.
CHANGES IN MARKETING
1) Improvements in TRANSPORTATION allowed goods and people to move across the country much faster.
This allowed the marketing and sale of goods to be much easier!
2) Because factory made goods cost less to produce, families of modest means could now afford items once
available only to the wealthy.
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3) Plus, if something broke, you could now go to the store and just buy a replacement part.
CHANGES IN MARKETING
YEA! INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION!!!
Ordinary Americans could now purchase furniture, clocks, dishes, silverware, and the latest fabrics.
So…driven by new manufacturing technology and techniques, industrialization led to a vast increase in the
number of goods – everything from clothing and shoes to
tools and toys – available now and forever to the American
consumer!!!
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YEA! INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION!!!
Ushering in the modern CONSUMER CULTURE
of America!!!