By Mariah Simplicio

}  Industrialization and Technology ◦  A shift from mainly agricultural farming of cotton

to manufacturing and a commercial economy occurred. ◦  By 1860 around 40% of the Northern population

was still engaged in agriculture, while 84% of the South relied farming. ◦  This manufacturing shift allowed the North to

produce 3,200 firearms for every100 produced in the South. ◦   The invention of the railroad, steamboat,

telegraph, and steam-powered printing press also affected society

}  The Emancipation Proclamation ◦  Issued by President

Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 ◦  This proclaimed that all

slaves, even in those of the South, were now free. ◦  Freed 3 to 4 million slaves ◦  Further allowed African-

Americans to enlist into the Union army

}  Political Changes ◦  1864 Elections �  Lincoln, republican, running against General George

McClellan, a democrat �  Democrats insisted on peace between the North and

the South, so McClellan pointed out the wrongdoings of President Lincoln, questioning his strategy, and handling of the war.

�  The capturing of Atlanta boosted Northern morale and Lincoln won the election

}  Women Roles ◦  As most men were needed for the war, women had

to resume their husbands roles. �  Head of the household �  Farms �  Managed their slaves if they owned any �  Some even became field workers

}  Enlistment Procedures ◦  Due to the fact that the North outnumbered the

South, they needed much more men to enlist into the army. Thus resulting in the Conscription Acts: �  Required all men in the South between the ages

of 20 to 45 to enlist in the Confederate army �  If you did not wish to enlist, a $300 fee had to

be payed, or find a substitute draftee.

}  Role of Women ◦  The role of women in the South was different as

opposed to the role of the women in the North ◦  Women were also known as “southern belles” and

raised on pedistals. ◦  When men left for war they also had to resume their

duties but in the South they had more of a variety of job opportunities such as: �  Factory workers �  Military Spies and �  Nurses

This shift in jobs changed their role as women in society forever

}  Rural to urban ◦  Although a good majority of the Southern land

were farms, the blockades by the Union attacked their farming lands. ◦  The lack of food for the civilians and armies

influenced on a new period of urbanization ◦  The need to produce ammunition and arms

increased and more industrial jobs became available. ◦  Cities grew dramatically and a shift from rural to

urban occurred ◦  This shift also resulted in the land and slaves

becoming secondary issues to the necessities of the war.

}  Social status ◦ The Old Southern ways called for

aristocratic Confederates to hold high offices in the military. ◦ Due to poor execution and death the

positions of these jobs became more available to a variety of different people.

} Churches ◦ Once used for purely worship and

fellowship ◦ Became a place to volunteer action and

create Confederate propaganda.

}  Ideology of Slavery ◦  General Patrick “Cleburne’s Memorial” changed the

whole South’s idea on the idea of slavery �  Proposed to enlist slaves as rebel soldiers as exchange

for their freedom, at a secret meeting �  This help in the military would ensure a Southern win. �  Although it proposition failed it influenced the

Southern states in considering the idea to free the slaves.

Ideology and results: }  Southern states rejected the idea of a

national/central government ◦  This lead to the fragmented and in cohesiveness of

their battle strategies. }  Instead of nationalism, they focused on the

state and peoples’ rights ◦  Created the sense that individualism, or “every man

for himself” was the only way that they could gain independence

} The Confederacy had a lack of central coordination, ◦ Resulted in the Southerners reacting in

battles because of a lack of planning. ◦ Also led to sectionalized battles

} Also shared the “southern gentlemen” persona with chivalry being a part of their ideology ◦ Their pride and manhood created a sense

}  Political Ideology: ◦  The Confederates did not have formal political

parties �  This was due to the erosion of the the two party

system in the 1850s and the need for a united from in times of war and emergencies

}  Social Ideology: ◦  The Southern states had an agrarian society with

distinct classes and ideology in each. There was the �  Aristocratic planter class �  Farmer class �  Slave class

o Within each class were the distinct roles of each person in those classes including men, women, and slaves.

}  Economical Ideology ◦  The South was an agricultural society before the

war, this was because of their rich land. ◦  Industrialization occurred when the North attacked

their farms, causing them to shift from agriculture to manufacturing arms and bullets

}  Shmoop Editorial Team. "Politics in The Civil War." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 14 Sept. 2014.

}  McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. Print.

}  Beck, Tim. “The Confederate Nation Versus The Antebellum South.” 22 Jul. 2007. 14 Sept 2014. Print.

}  Beck, Tim. “ Confederate Ideology and the War.” 22 Jul. 2007. 14 Sept. 2014. Print.