shea chapter 15
TRANSCRIPT
15
Foreign and National Security Policy
Video: The Big Picture 15
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Video: The Basics 15
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Competing Principles for American Foreign Policy
Transformers
Maintainers
Conflicting Evaluations of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Echoes from the Past
Implementing Policy
15.1
Transformers
Neoconservatives As superpower, U.S.’s role is enforcer Military is the central instrument of foreign policy Unilateralism is the best approach U.S. should spread democracy around the world
Neoliberals Other countries should build democracy from within Non-military is the focus of foreign policy Stress the importance of international institutions
15.1
FIGURE 15.1: Four Perspectives on Foreign Policy
15.1
Maintainers
Conservatives Believe the U.S. must be prepared to act militarily U.S. interests are not the same as global interests Power is the key Exercise of U.S. power is best when considered
legitimate by others
Isolationists U.S. foreign policy must focus on protecting us U.S.’s obligations to allies is minimal U.S. must focus on cultural, commercial and diplomatic
interaction
15.1
U.S. Troops Leaving Iraq 15.1
Conflicting Evaluations of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Neoconservative Evaluation
View wars as essential to American security
Neoliberal Evaluation Non-military means should have been tried; UN should
play a greater role
Conservative Evaluation International efforts in Afghanistan are better; Iraq war
distracted the U.S. and upped the anti-U.S. mood
Isolationist Evaluation Afghanistan was okay, Iraq was a “fool’s errand”
15.1
Echoes from the Past
George Washington Urged neutrality and isolationism
Spanish American War U.S. became a major player on the world stage
World War I U.S. helped to defeat Germany
World War II U.S. helped to rebuild Europe and Japan
Sept. 11, 2001 Focus on global terror
15.1
15.1 Which foreign policy philosophy believes that international institutions should play a prominent role?
15.1
a. Neoconservatives
b. Neoliberals
c. Conservatives
d. Isolationists
15.1 Which foreign policy philosophy believes that international institutions should play prominent role?
15.1
a. Neoconservatives
b. Neoliberals
c. Conservatives
d. Isolationists
Explore the Simulation: You Are the President of the United States During a Foreign Policy Crisis
15.1
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Video: In Context 15.1
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Links Between Foreign and Domestic Policy
Domestic policy values guide American foreign policy
International factors influence U.S. political activity
International and domestic gains and losses
15.2
Domestic Policy Values Guide American Foreign Policy Emphasis is on individual legal rights and
civil liberties Pays less attention to economic and social rights
Hostile, overly strong foreign governments are a threat to human rights
Stronger federal government is not needed to promote human rights
Rejects violence in the struggle for human rights
15.2
International Factors Influence U.S. Political Activity Foreign Countries Seek foreign aid and weapons deals (Turkey) Seek sanctions against other countries (Nelson Mandela
and South Africa)
Foreign Companies Seek favorable tax and environmental policies for their
affiliates operating in the U.S
Concerns The more Congress listens to foreign lobbyists, the less it
will listen to Americans Globalization might seek to influence American economic
policies in ways harmful to the U.S.
15.2
Oil Company Executives 15.2
Greek Protests 15.2
International and Domestic Gains and Losses Farm subsidies Developing countries refuse to enter into trade
agreements with the U.S. until farm subsidies end
Costs of wars in Afghanistan and Iraq Forced sacrifices in domestic program spending Battlefield deaths
International trade and civil liberties protections
High on public attention radar
15.2
15.2 Which two policy areas tend to rank highest on Americans’ radar when it comes to foreign policy?
15.2
a. International trade and civil liberties
b. International trade and environmental issues
c. Environmental issues and legal rights
d. None of the above.
e. All of the above.
15.2 Which two policy areas tend to rank highest on Americans’ radar when it comes to foreign policy?
15.2
a. International trade and civil liberties
b. International trade and environmental issues
c. Environmental issues and legal rights
d. None of the above.
e. All of the above.
Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist
15.2
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The Domestic Context of American Foreign Policymaking
Public Opinion
Elections
Interest Groups
Political Protest
15.3
Public Opinion
Influence Source of public policy innovation, such as the Department
of Homeland Security Source of public policy restraint to maintain the status quo,
such as early resistance to intervention in Nazi Germany
Vietnam syndrome Public no longer supports military action that caused major
losses
“Rally ’round the flag” effect Public support following a crisis
15.3
Mitt Romney giving speech to the American Israel Political Action Committee
15.3
Elections
Elections as a pathway for influencing foreign policy?
Evidence mixed: both candidates often agree on major policy issues
American electorate tends not to be very well informed about foreign policy
Debate is less about the policy and more about who is qualified to execute it
Foreign governments avoid serious business with the U.S. during elections
Foreign policy measures initiated at this time run the risk of failure
15.3
Interest Groups
Interest high in China Business, labor, human rights interests Groups such as AFL-CIO, Amnesty International, Christian
Coalition, etc.
Ethnic Identity Groups American-Israeli Public Affairs Committee Cuban-American National Foundation
Religious-based interest groups Opposed spread of Communism during Cold War Now focus on family planning
15.3
Political Protest
Globalization Images of protesters clashing with Seattle police during
1999 World Trade Organization Brought back memories of Vietnam era clashes
Protests Often dismissed as unimportant by the administration Protests add new voices to the debate
15.3
U2 Lead Singer Bono 15.3
15.3 Why doesn’t foreign policy tend to be influenced by elections?
15.3
a. The candidates tend to agree on major issues.
b. The American electorate is not well informed on foreign policy.
c. The debate is less about the policy and more about the person executing it.
d. All of the above
15.3 Why doesn’t foreign policy tend to be influenced by elections?
15.3
a. The candidates tend to agree on major issues.
b. The American electorate is not well informed on foreign policy.
c. The debate is less about the policy and more about the person executing it.
d. All of the above
Video: In the Real World 15.3
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Policy Institutions and Foreign Policymaking
The Executive Branch
Congress
The Supreme Court
15.4
Watching the bin Laden raid 15.4
The Executive Branch
Major Actors Chief of Staff The Vice President National Security Council National Security Advisor State Department Department of Defense Central Intelligence Agency Department of Homeland Security
15.4
The Executive Branch
Major Actors Chief of Staff The Vice President National Security Council National Security Advisor State Department Department of Defense Central Intelligence Agency Department of Homeland Security
15.4
The Executive Branch
Major Actors Chief of Staff The Vice President National Security Council National Security Advisor State Department Department of Defense Central Intelligence Agency Department of Homeland Security
15.4
Congress
Major Actors Supportive Congress Strategic Congress Competitive Congress War Powers Resolution Re-emergence of the Strategic Congress Disengaged Congress Legislation, Funding and Oversight
15.4
Congress
Major Actors Supportive Congress Strategic Congress Competitive Congress War Powers Resolution Re-emergence of the Strategic Congress Disengaged Congress Legislation, Funding and Oversight
15.4
The Supreme Court
Three kinds of rulings: Conflict between state laws and treaties on foreign policy
matters Consistently supported the president in conflicts with
Congress Reluctant to grant government broad powers that may
restrict American civil liberties
15.4
15.4 Which type of Congress cedes most foreign policy authority to the president, but chooses issues to press?
15.4
a. Supportive Congress
b. Strategic Congress
c. Competitive Congress
d. Disengaged Congress
15.4 This type of Congress cedes most foreign policy authority to the president, but chooses issues to press:
15.4
a. Supportive Congress
b. Strategic Congress
c. Competitive Congress
d. Disengaged Congress
Explore Foreign and Defense Policy: How Much Does America Spend on Defense?
15.4
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_shea_mpslld_4/pex/pex8.html
Foreign Policy and National Security Issues
Military Security Issues
Economic and Foreign Trade Issues
Human Welfare Issues
15.5
Military Security Issues
Terrorism Has evolved from more central groups to independent
Jihadists
Weapons of Mass Destruction Greatest fear is theft of weapons and use by a terrorist group
Pre-emption and Deterrence Pre-emption: striking first in self-defense (Iraq War) Deterrence: threatens a state-based enemy with swift and
overwhelming retaliation
15.5
Iranian President 15.5
Economic and Foreign Trade Issues
Global economic powers U.S. response to growing economic power of other nations
China World’s largest recipient of foreign direct investment Holds world’s second largest currency reserves As it grows in economic might, it is expected to grow in
military might
15.5
Wal-Mart 15.5
Human Welfare Issues
Genocide Nazi Holocaust Armenians in the Ottoman Empire Cambodian “killing fields” Sudan
Land mines 120 million landmines concealed in 80 countries
Human trafficking Women and children used as sex workers
Climate change Threat to long-term international security
15.5
TABLE 15.2: Foreign Aid Spending, 2009
15.5
Retreating Glaciers 15.5
15.5 Political scientists have observed that HIV/AIDS falls into which foreign policy category?
15.5
a. Military security
b. Economic and foreign trade
c. Human welfare
d. All of the above
15.5 Political scientists have observed that HIV/AIDS falls into which foreign policy category?
15.5
a. Military security
b. Economic and foreign trade
c. Human welfare
d. All of the above
Video: So What? 15.0
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15
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